Substance Abuse in HIV Populations

Author(s):  
Elizabeth David ◽  
John P. Casas

Mental illness and substance abuse are separate and additive risk factors for HIV infection. A comprehensive approach in the treatment of those with the dual diagnosis of mental illness and substance abuse is very important because these patients are inherently at a higher risk of contracting or transmitting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Problems with adherence to medical treatment seem to be additive in this group. In addition, substance abuse is associated with a host of medical sequelae (liver disease, infection, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive changes), complicating treatment of the virus in a population already at risk for these problems and leading to increased disease progression.

BMJ ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 311 (7000) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J Rodrigues ◽  
S. M Mehendale ◽  
M. E Shepherd ◽  
A. D Divekar ◽  
R. R Gangakhedkar ◽  
...  

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES L BARRETT ◽  
HARLAND AUSTIN ◽  
WILLIAM C. LOUV ◽  
W. JAMES ALEXANDER ◽  
STEPHEN C. HADLER

2009 ◽  
Vol Volume 1 ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dembo ◽  
Kristina Childs ◽  
S Belenko ◽  
James Schmeidler ◽  
Wareham

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 443-452
Author(s):  
Marjan Kosec ◽  
Natasa Sterbenc ◽  
Janko Mrkun ◽  
Igor Klobucar ◽  
Primoz Klinc

The most frequent problems in horses reproduction are generally divided into those of infectious and non infectious etiology. Common causes of infectious diseases are usual?ly viruses and bacteria, and less frequently protozoa, mykoplasma and fungi. In this work there are presented the most important fact about sexually transmitted diseases, their clinical picture, risk factors, preventive measures as well as measures to prevent and eradicate the diseases. The biggest risk factor for sexually transmitted diseases in horses are breeding stallions, both in natural mating and in artificial insemination. Therefore, in order to prevent genital infections in horses, it is essential that the stallions used for breeding are healthy (non-infected). That can be determined with certainty only if the stallions are examined (tested) just before the breeding season on most frequent sexually transmitted diseases (CEM,EAV). It is well known that in most cases the clinical picture of sexually transmitted diseses is not manifested on genitals. As well, variations in clinical picture can be expected also in mares, depending on the stage of the disease and its etiology. Harms arising from sexually transmitted diseases can be divided into direct and indirect. Direct damage occurs in the form of endometritis, miscarriage, stillbirths and births of weak foals, and indirect in restricting the traffic of infected and suspicios animals, isolation of the infected ones as well as medical treatment and interrupting mating.


2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIELA PAZ-BAILEY ◽  
PETER H. KILMARX ◽  
SOMSAK SUPAWITKUL ◽  
THANYANAN CHAOWANACHAN ◽  
SUPAPORN JEEYAPANT ◽  
...  

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