History of violence, substance abuse, and mental illness: perceptions of risk factors and communication of risk

Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a major global health problem with serious adverse effects at later ages. Our paper examines the prevalence rates and the demographic and clinical predictors of CSA among adult psychiatric outpatients. A data assessment tool was used to compile information on the demographic and clinical characteristics of all new patients assessed in four psychiatric outpatient clinics between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2015. The 12-month prevalence rate for CSA among new psychiatric outpatients in Fort McMurray was 20.7% (10.7% for males and 26.9% in females). With an odds ratio for sex of 3.30 (CI = 2.06–5.29), female patients are about three times more likely to report a history of CSA compared to male patients when controlling for other factors. Similarly patients with at most high school education (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.145–2.871) and those with previous contact with psychiatric services (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.124–2.616) were about two times more likely to report a history of CSA compared to the patients with college/university education or those with no previous contact with psychiatric services respectively. Similarly, patients with histories of substance abuse (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.179–2.642) and patients with family histories of mental illness (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.032–2.308) had higher likelihoods of reporting histories of CSA compared to patients without histories of substance abuse or family histories of mental illness respectively. Our findings suggest that victims of CSA are an at-risk population in need of ongoing mental health and educational support.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Choosing “The Best of the Hells”: Mothers Face Housing Dilemmas for Their Adult Children With Mental Illness and a History of Violence

Qualitative Health Research ◽

10.1177/1049732310387936 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 520-533 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Darcy A. Copeland ◽

MarySue V. Heilemann

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Adult Children ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence

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Neural correlates of impaired motor inhibition in men with a history of violence and mental illness: An FMRI investigation

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/s0920-9964(03)81163-5 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 212

Author(s):

I. Barkataki ◽

V. Kumari ◽

M.K. Das ◽

A. Sumich ◽

P.J. Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Motor Inhibition ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence

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Femicide in partnership relations

Temida ◽

10.2298/tem1703411s ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 411-434

Author(s):

Danijela Spasic ◽

Dag Kolarevic ◽

Zoran Lukovic

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Intimate Partner Relationships ◽

History Of ◽

Specific Position ◽

History Of Violence ◽

The Subject ◽

The Republic

In numerous studies in the world, the existence of femicide as a specific form of homicide has been confirmed, indicating its conditions and consequences and the strongest risk factors. The subject of this paper is femicide in intimate partnership, and the aim is to point to the specific characteristics of femicide in intimate parner relationships in Serbia, i.e. to present and analyse the data obtained in the empirical research of this form of murder. The empirical research of femicide in intimate partner relationships in Serbia was conducted in 2016 on the sample of 153 cases of murder of women in the context of intimate partnership, which occurred on the territory of Serbia (without Kosovo and Metohija) in the period from 2001 to 2015. The objectives of the research were to determine the existence and identification of risk factors for femicide. The data was collected from the criminal reports filed by the Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia. The findings of the study confirmed the results of other studies in regard prevalence of femicide and the existence of the following risk factors: exposure of women to chronic intimate partner violence, the availability of firearms, the influence of alcohol and psychoactive substances abuse, the presence of psychological disorders and illness and suicidal tendencies of perpetrators. By applying multidimensional scaling in analyzing elements of crime offending the specific position of suicides that occur in certain number of cases after femicide was pointed out. There was a slight tendency of absence of history of violence in cases where perpetrator of femicide committed suicide.

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Substance Abuse in HIV Populations

10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0030 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth David ◽

John P. Casas

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

Dual Diagnosis ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Additive Risk

Mental illness and substance abuse are separate and additive risk factors for HIV infection. A comprehensive approach in the treatment of those with the dual diagnosis of mental illness and substance abuse is very important because these patients are inherently at a higher risk of contracting or transmitting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Problems with adherence to medical treatment seem to be additive in this group. In addition, substance abuse is associated with a host of medical sequelae (liver disease, infection, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive changes), complicating treatment of the virus in a population already at risk for these problems and leading to increased disease progression.

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Provider-Documented Anxiety in the ICU: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associated Patient Outcomes

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1177/0885066620956564 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088506662095656

Author(s):

Andrew D. May ◽

Ann M. Parker ◽

Ellen S. Caldwell ◽

Catherine L. Hough ◽

Jennifer E. Jutte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Patient Outcomes ◽

Chart Review ◽

Severity Of Illness ◽

Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽

Icu Patients ◽

Icu Stay ◽

History Of

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of provider-documented anxiety in critically ill patients, associated risk factors, and related patient outcomes. Method: Chart review of 100 randomly sampled, adult patients, with a length of stay ≥48 hours in a medical or trauma/surgical intensive care unit (ICU). Provider-documented anxiety was identified based on a comprehensive retrospective chart review of the ICU stay, searching for any acute episode of anxiety (e.g., documented words related to anxiety, panic, and/or distress). Results: Of 100 patients, 45% (95% confidence interval: 35%-55%) had documented anxiety, with similar prevalence in medical vs. trauma/surgical ICU. Patients with documented anxiety more frequently had history of anxiety (22% vs. 4%, p = .004) and substance abuse (40% vs. 22%, p = .048). In the ICU, they had greater severity of illness (median (IQR) Acute Physiology Score 16(13,21) vs. 13(8,19), p = .018), screened positive for delirium at least once during ICU stay, (62% vs. 31%, p = .002), benzodiazepines and antipsychotics use (87% vs. 58%, p = .002; 33% vs. 13%, p = .013, respectively), and mental health consultation (31% vs. 18%, p = .132). These patients also had longer ICU and hospital lengths of stay (6(4,11) vs. 4(3,6), p<.001 and 18(10,30) vs. 10(6,16) days, p<.001, respectively) and less frequent discharge back to home (27% vs. 44%, p = .079). Conclusions: Documented anxiety, occurring in almost half of ICU patients with length of stay ≥48 hours, was associated with a history of anxiety and/or substance abuse, and greater ICU severity of illness, delirium, psychiatric medications, and length of stay. Increased awareness along with more standardized protocols for assessment of anxiety in the ICU, as well as greater evaluation of non-pharmacological treatments for anxiety symptoms in the ICU are warranted.

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Lifespan risks of growing up in a family with mental illness or substance abuse

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72064-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vera Clemens ◽

Oliver Berthold ◽

Andreas Witt ◽

Cedric Sachser ◽

Elmar Brähler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Child Maltreatment ◽

Child Protection ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Growing Up

Abstract Growing up in a family with one member being affected by mental health problems or substance abuse is an adverse childhood experience which can lead to socioeconomic and health-related impairments in later life. Furthermore, the risk of child maltreatment is increased in affected families, which often adds to the individual risk factors. However, the interdependence between the particular risk factors is not well understood. To examine the correlation between mental health problems or substance abuse and child maltreatment within families and long term consequences for affected children, a cross sectional population representative survey in Germany (N = 2,531) has been conducted. The risk of child maltreatment was 5 to 5.6 times higher if mental illness and 4.9 to 6.9 times higher if substance abuse of a family member was reported. Furthermore, the risk of health problems, including obesity, decreased life satisfaction, lower income, low educational achievement, unemployment and living without a partner was increased if participants grew up in a family affected by mental health problems or substance abuse. All associations were mediated significantly by child maltreatment. These results point towards an urgent need for greater awareness for child protection issues in families affected by mental health problems or substance abuse.

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The relationship between violence, level of functioning, and treatment outcome in psychiatric inpatients

Journal of Forensic Practice ◽

10.1108/jfp-05-2013-0033 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 295-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irram Walji ◽

Vincent Egan ◽

Andres Fonseca ◽

Adam Huxley

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Psychiatric Rehabilitation ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Violent Behaviour ◽

Global Functioning ◽

Content Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

History Of Violence ◽

Over Time

Purpose – There is an association between the diagnosis of a mental illness and violent behaviour. Individuals diagnosed with severe and enduring mental health difficulties who display violent behaviour have inferior treatment outcomes when compared with those who do not engage in violent behaviour. Violent behaviour within care settings impacts on general functioning, adherence to treatment plans, and inhibits wider recovery goals. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This research studied 95 inpatients with a primary diagnosis of severe mental illness, with and without a history of violence, and compared how levels of global functioning and risk impacted on recovery. Patients were divided into two groups: those with and without a previous or current history of violence. The two groups were compared on measures of global functioning, symptomatology, and risk at baseline and 12-month follow up. Findings – Both violent and non-violent groups showed increased global functioning over time, with no significant difference between the groups. Neither group showed significant reductions in risk over time. Patients in the violent group had significantly fewer prior and current symptoms of mental ill-health than non-violent individuals. Research limitations/implications – Despite evidence suggesting that historical or current violence leads to impaired outcomes amongst people with diagnoses of mental illness, the findings of this study suggest a history of violent behaviour was not a predictor of poor progress within inpatient settings. Practical implications – Disconfirming previous hypotheses, the paper suggests that in itself, violent behaviour does not always significantly impair outcomes for individuals diagnosed with mental illnesses, and that many other variables contribute to meaningful recovery. Originality/value – Whilst there are previous studies investigating outcomes for inpatients diagnosed with mental illness who have violent histories, there is a dearth of research comparing equivalent groups in the same facility over the same time period. This study directly compared inpatients with or without a history of violence in the same psychiatric rehabilitation settings.

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Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety Among Patients with Noncommunicable Diseases in The Kingdom of Bahrain

Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society ◽

10.26715/jbms.3_29102018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 10-19

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Low Income ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Personal History ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

History Of

Background and objectives: There is a high coexistence between mental disorders and chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Patients with chronic illnesses have higher rates of depression and anxiety when compared to the healthy individuals. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and to explore the associated risk factors. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in the NCD clinics of five health centers in the Kingdom of Bahrain included all patients attending these clinics from January 2016 to March 2016. Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to screen patients for depression and anxiety. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with anxiety and depression. All the analyses were conducted using STATA 12; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 456 patients were included in the study. Mild and moderate to severe type of depression were observed in 71 (15.6%) and 53 (11.6%) patients, respectively. According to the multivariable model, the odds of having high depression score was significantly higher in patients aged < 45 years (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.01; P = 0.01), with low income (adjusted OR = 1.99; P = 0.02), with personal history of mental illness (adjusted OR = 5.13; P = 0.001), and with lower educational levels (P = 0.02). Mild and moderate to severe anxiety scores were observed in 55 (12.1%) and 34 (7.5%) patients, respectively. According to the multivariate model, the odds of having high anxiety score was significantly higher in females (adjusted OR = 2.85; P < 0.001), patients aged < 45 years (adjusted OR = 2.41; P = 0.005), in patients with low income (adjusted OR = 3.62; P < 0.001), and in those with personal history of mental illness (adjusted OR = 4.5; P = 0.004). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients attending NCD clinics in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Therefore, screening of mental health diseases should be established.

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