Organic psychosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Peter Buckley ◽  
Brian Miller
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Organic Psychosis ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Organic Psychoses ◽  
Brain Changes

“Psychosis” and “schizophrenia” are descriptive terms. They are not synonymous with each other. Now somewhat paradoxically, “functional” psychoses such as schizophrenia are distinguished from “organic” psychoses by the absence of brain pathology and/or a likely contributory medical condition. This approximates to a tautology, since ample research confirms brain changes in schizophrenia and medical comorbidities are common in patients with schizophrenia. That said, this chapter enumerates general considerations in the realm of organic psychosis and focuses on specific psychoses that may be particularly noteworthy, autoimmune encephalitis.

P.538 Organic psychosis: an immunotherapy treatment and autoimmune encephalitis. A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. S302-S303 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alvarado Dafonte ◽  
L. Soldado Rodríguez ◽  
M. Valverde Barea ◽  
F. Vilchez Español
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Organic Psychosis

The Significance of Abstract and Concrete Behaviour in Elderly Psychiatric Patients and Control Subjects

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (425) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hopkins ◽  
Felix Post
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Psychiatric Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Brain Disease ◽  
Organic Psychosis ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Senile Brain

The recognition of a well-established psychosis due to arteriosclerotic or senile brain changes rarely presents any difficulty. However, increasing numbers of elderly people are seen with affective, paranoid, or neurotic manifestations, and it is sometimes very difficult to decide whether their symptoms present prodromata of an organic psychosis, or whether in the absence of degenerative brain disease they are occasioned by a variety of endogenous and environmental causes leading to a “functional” psychiatric illness.

scholarly journals From Prehab to Rehab: The Functional Restoration of a Bariatric Individual

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Suhaimi ◽  
Brenda Saria Yuliawiratman
Keyword(s):  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
The Face

The bariatric population presents at a greater risk for functional decline with increasing weight and advancing age. This can be prevented at various time points through multidisciplinary rehabilitation interventions in a multitude of different settings to accommodate the severity of an individuals’ disability and to target different functional goals. Bariatric rehabilitation is a multipronged approach that addresses the ongoing functional impairment, medical comorbidities, hospital-related deconditioning and prevents future cardiovascular and musculoskeletal complications from progressing. The emerging concept of utilising rehabilitation interventions and goal-centric approach as means to reduce post-operative complications and enhance surgical outcomes is also discussed. Pragmatic approaches to post-surgical bariatric rehabilitation are discussed highlighting the multi-faceted rehabilitation concerns to achieve optimal functionality in the face of a chronic medical condition.

Psychiatric disorders

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Smedley ◽  
Finlay Dick ◽  
Steven Sadhra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Organic Psychosis ◽  
Organic Psychoses ◽  
Post Traumatic

Psychoses due to occupational exposures 306Stress 1: recognition and assessment 308Stress 2: interventions/risk controls 311Post-traumatic stress disorder 1: diagnosis and risk factors 313Post-traumatic stress disorder 2: management 314Organic psychosis due to occupational exposures is thankfully unusual, but its very rarity means that the diagnosis may be missed. Historically, exposures in certain industries put workers at risk of organic psychoses or psychiatric effects: ...

scholarly journals Pathological Findings in Male Patients With Anti-N-methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 735-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makito Hirano ◽  
Tatsuki Itoh ◽  
Harutoshi Fujimura ◽  
Kimiko Inoue ◽  
Makoto Samukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Brain Pathology ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Nmdar Encephalitis ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Leydig Cell Function

Abstract Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is the most common type of autoimmune encephalitis. The disease predominantly affects women (1:5–1:10), with only 3 reports of autopsy findings in women being published to date. The present study reports findings from the first autopsy performed on a man with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The patient had some scattered lesions in the limbic system with neuronal loss, gliosis, and microglial activation. The temporal and frontal cortices showed additional patchy demyelination. T-lymphocyte infiltration was detectable in the fusiform gyrus lesion. These findings were partly similar to those reported in female patients. Although clinical differences based on the sex of the patient are reported for this disease, the observed pathological similarities potentially help to establish common therapeutic strategies for all patients. Severe testicular damage was additionally observed in the male patient in this study. Biopsy-proven severe testicular damage was also confirmed in another, previously fertile man who became azoospermic. Moreover, serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels, which often increased in response to disturbed spermatogenesis, were elevated, and testosterone/luteinizing hormone ratio reflecting Leydig cell function was low in all 5 male patients in this study. Overall, these findings suggest similar brain pathology in patients of both sexes and severe testicular damage in male patients.

Reliability of a Procedure for Measuring and Classifying “Present Psychiatric State”

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (498) ◽  
pp. 499-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Wing ◽  
J. L. T. Birley ◽  
J. E. Cooper ◽  
P. Graham ◽  
A. D. Isaacs
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Organic Psychoses ◽  
Psychiatric State

It is generally agreed that psychiatric illnesses can fairly reliably be categorized into four broad groups—organic psychoses, functional psychoses, neuroses and personality disorders. Cases are assigned with greatest confidence to the first group and with least confidence to the fourth. The reliability of specific diagnoses within these classes is much less secure and decreases in the same order. The best recent reviews of the literature are by Kreitman (1961) and Foulds (1965).

A Hypothesis of the Mechanism of the Functional Psychoses

1927 ◽  
Vol 73 (302) ◽  
pp. 402-413
Author(s):  
L. C. F. Chevens
Keyword(s):  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
Brain Changes

In the organic and toxic psychoses in which a symptom syndrome is known to be associated with gross brain changes or a definite toxin, it is hard enough to correlate the physical and mental. As McCurdy writes (i): “To find what cell change corresponds to the delusion of having a ship full of rubies is much more of a task than that of looking for a needle in a haystack.” In the case of the so-called functional psychoses—schizophrenia, the manic-depressive psychosis and paranoia—this difficulty is enhanced. It is only possible to treat the matter in the broadest manner, by considering the reaction between the organism and the environment.

Organic psychoses

2020 ◽  
pp. 6482-6486
Author(s):  
Curtis McKnight ◽  
Jason Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Autoimmune Disorders ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Organic Psychosis ◽  
Organic Psychoses ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
The Brain

A psychosis is a syndrome characterized by delusions and hallucinations. Organic psychoses refer to those psychoses attributed to identifiable brain diseases andare thereby distinguished from primary psychoses such as schizophrenia. Almost any condition that affects the brain can cause an organic psychosis. Delirium and dementia are the most common, although there are many other causes including other neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, multiple sclerosis, endocrinopathies, metabolic disorders, and infections. Making the diagnosis of an organic psychosis requires a high index of suspicion and appropriate investigation. The treatment is usually that of the primary disease when that is possible, while the symptoms of psychosis can be managed using antipsychotic drugs.

Depressive Syndromes and Medical Comorbidities

2016 ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek R. Hopko ◽  
Crystal C. McIndoo ◽  
Audrey File
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Depressive Syndromes

The prevalence of depression is substantial among individuals with medical conditions and is associated with poorer treatment outcome for both the mood disorder and medical condition. This chapter examines the prevalence, risk factors, causal associations, and treatment for depression in four medical conditions: cancer, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, and HIV/AIDS. Several conclusions are evident: First, depression is unrecognized in about 30% of medical patients, and twice as many medical patients experience depression relative to the general population. Second, regardless of the medical illness, there are common risk factors for depression. Third, individuals with medical illness are most vulnerable to developing depression in the year following medical diagnosis. Fourth, the relationship between depression and medical comorbidities is bidirectional. Fifth, although there are promising psychological and pharmacological interventions for individuals with comorbid depression and medical problems, significant methodological problems limit this research. These limitations must be addressed to provide optimal care for those with depression and a chronic medical condition.

scholarly journals Medical comorbidities of patients presenting to an adult neurodevelopmental new case clinic in Singapore

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S295-S295
Author(s):  
Ho Teck Tan ◽  
James Patrick Moon ◽  
Giles Ming Yee Tan
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Medical Comorbidity ◽  
Medical Comorbidities ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions

AimsTo describe the occurrence of medical comorbity in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders presenting to the Adult Neurodevelopmental Service (ANDS) multi-disciplinary new case clinic at the Institute of Mental Health (IMH) in Singapore. We hypothesize that patients with neurodevelopmental disorders have higher rates of medical comorbidity compared to those without a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorder.BackgroundMedical comorbidities are common in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. They may have difficulties managing their medical conditions which could in turn affect their well being, quality of life and life expectancy.MethodA retrospective cohort study was conducted amongst patients who presented to the clinic from January 2015 to December 2016. The electronic case records of the assessments were de-identified and the medical conditions of patients were collected and analysed.Result319 patients attended the ANDS new case clinic in the 2-year study period. 87.1% (278/319) were diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder while 12.9% (41/319) did not receive any diagnosis of a neurodevelopmental disorder.58.3% (162/278) of patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder had at least 1 medical comorbidity while only 31.7% (13/41) of patients with no neurodevelopmental disorder had at least 1 medical condition.Patients with neurodevelopmental disorders had higher rates of epilepsy (12.2% vs 4.9%), cerebral palsy (3.2% vs 0%) but lower rates of having other neurological conditions (1.4% vs 7.3%) compared to those with no neurodevelopmental disorders.Patients with neurodevelopmental disorders had higher rates of diabetes (6.1% vs 2.4%), hypertension (6.1% vs 2.4%), hyperlipidaemia (7.1% vs 2.4%) and cardiovascular conditions (2.9% vs 0%) than those without a neurodevelopmental disorder.In terms of other medical comorbidities, patients with neurodevelopmental disorders had higher rates of thyroid abnormalities (4.7% vs 2.4%), respiratory problems (7.6% vs 2.4%), musculoskeletal conditions (5.8% vs 0%), eye issues (5% vs 2.4%) and hearing problems (2.9% vs 0%) but similar rates of dermatological conditions (10.1% vs 9.8%) and gastrointestinal conditions (4.7% vs 4.9%) compared to those with no neurodevelopmental disorders.ConclusionPatients with neurodevelopmental disorders have significantly highly rates of medical comorbidity than those without any neurodevelopmental disorders. This study highlights the need to raise awareness of the common medical comorbidities in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders and to ensure adequate screening and referral for follow-up medical care for them.

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