The OECD Approach to Responsible Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
David E. Winickoff ◽  
Hermann Garden
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Anticipatory Governance ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Technology Governance ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Innovation Approach ◽  
Private Actors

Ultimately, technology will be useless unless it can be diffused and built into society in ways that are socially robust—trustworthy, debated, accessible, and acceptable. Thirty-six member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have recently enacted the Council Recommendation on Responsible Innovation in Neurotechnology, adopted on December 11, 2019. The Recommendation is the first international instrument in its field. Committed to the idea that we must not just innovate more but innovate well, the Recommendation embodies a “responsible innovation” approach that could serve as a model for technology governance both in neurotechnology and beyond. The Recommendation aims to help public and private actors address the ethical, legal and social challenges of neurotechnology while encouraging innovation. At least five overarching elements help set out a novel approach to neurotechnology governance: (i) mission orientation, (ii) inclusivity of the innovation process (iii) anticipatory governance, (iv) societal deliberation, and (v) the role of the private sector.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Agriculture in Chile, Reflections on the Role of Public Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-209
Author(s):  
Oscar Melo ◽  
◽  
Nadia Báez ◽  
Daniela Acuña ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Agriculture Sustainability ◽  
Increasing Demand

Given the increasing demand for agricultural products and the environmental degradation that current agricultural practices generate, there is an urgent need to change the activity. Sustainable agriculture emerges as an attractive alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of the activity on the environment, increase its resilience to global change, and increase the current population’s quality of life without sacrificing that of future generations. However, identifying effective policies that can achieve these goals remains elusive. In Chile, this sector has been one of the drivers of growth and poverty reduction but still faces many environmental and social challenges, and there is a growing public demand for achieving sustainability from an economic, environmental, and social perspective. Public and private institutions have made relevant efforts to increase Chilean agriculture sustainability. However, the need to transition towards sustainable agriculture is still not recognized by all stakeholders. In this article, we review current challenges and policies to achieve a more sustainable agriculture in Chile.

Il potere e il problema della qualitŕ. Considerazioni della prospettiva della sociologia economica

2009 ◽  
pp. 143-170
Author(s):  
Luigi Doria
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Management Quality ◽  
Quality Certification ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
Contemporary Development ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Sociological Studies

- Quality is one of the most relevant and, at the same time, ambiguous key-word of the contemporary socio-economic lexicon. The reference to quality discourses and technologies (such as those related to quality management, quality assurance, quality certification) ranges from market competition to organizational and managerial dynamics, from policy making to the new forms of governance. But, if quality constitutes itself as an eminent value for contemporary development, the treatment of the most diverse social domains (including, for example, administration, research, culture) in terms of quality is often assumed as the emblem of a disquieting trend towards control and rationalization. This contribution deals first with the analysis of the multiple meanings of the notion, paying particular attention to sociological studies and to the relationship between quality and the dimension of calculation. The attention focuses then on the role of the concept in the field of public policy and governance and, in particular, on quality as a sort of connecting device, which promotes processes of integration among different policy fields and networking phenomena involving public and private actors. The articles briefly hints, in the last part, at the root of the peculiar normativity of quality and at the enigmatic character of its current power.Keywords: Quality, networking, economic sociology, public policy.

Fostering Ecocultural Resources, Identity, and Tourism in Inland Territories (Galicia, NW Spain)

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Elena De Uña-Álvarez ◽  
Montserrat Villarino-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Territorial Identity ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Depth Interviews

Inland territories hold a great diversity of ecocultural resources, increasingly constituted in tourist products for local development. Their role in improving the socioeconomic conditions and wellness of local communities, as well as in promoting tourism and sustainability, depends on the involvement of public and private actors. The relationships and the collaboration of local actors are essential in that regard. The study of aforementioned processes takes place in the inland territory of Galicia (NW Spain). The methodology of research relied on in-depth interviews. Due to the key role of the local actors, the interviews focused on their professional and life experiences. The analysis of the answers establishes the definition and the appraisal of the main resources, attached to territorial identity, and highlights the engagement and involvement of the actors in the territorial dynamics that foster the promotion of the ecocultural resources for tourism.

Property

2018 ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Peter Knoepfel
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Swiss Canton ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Oriented Approach

The application of the resource-oriented approach used in this book confirms the prominent role of the resource Property in the resource portfolios of each of the three policy actors. Property consists of the ownership of property and use rights to material and immaterial (natural, manufactured, social and/or human) resources and the various bundles of goods and/or services they provide to the owner. One of the prominent services of such resources involves their role as policy resource (abstract use of such resources as opposed to concrete uses). The most prominent material resource is the ownership of (strategic) land, which enables both public and private actors to play a predominant role in policy formulation and, especially, implementation processes. The chapter illustrates the mobilization and use modes of the resource Property in the areas of spatial planning, institutional policies (creation of a Swiss canton) , public accounting and state infrastructural policies (land acquisition policies for communal land use policy). It stresses the role of legal appeals by target groups or beneficiary organizations and the privileged position occupied landowners in the planning and implementation of large urban projects.

scholarly journals New Values of Non-Wood Forest Products

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiss ◽  
Emery ◽  
Corradini ◽  
Živojinović
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Innovation Support

The role of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) in industrialised country economies has declined in the past, but they are generating renewed interest as business opportunities. In a forest-based bio-economy frame, NWFPs can contribute to human nutrition, renewable materials, and cultural and experiential services, as well as create job and income opportunities in rural areas. Applying a service-dominant logic (SDL) approach to analysis of NWFPs, this article aimed to understand how new goods and services are co-created through networks of public and private actors in specific institutional, social, and cultural contexts. This focus sheds light on the experiences associated with NWFP harvest and use, revealing a fulsome suite of values and economic opportunities that include but are greater than the physical goods themselves. Turning the SDL lens on in-depth case studies from Europe and North America, we show dimensions of forest products that go beyond commercial values but are, at the same time, constituent of commercial activities. SDL provides a new view on customer relations, service provision to businesses, and policy measures for innovation support for non-wood forest products.

Public Health and the Law

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hodge ◽  
Lexi C. White ◽  
Andrew Sniegowski
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Structural Principles ◽  
Laws And Policies ◽  
Private Actors

Promoting and protecting the public's health in the United States and abroad are intricately tied to laws and policies. Laws provide support for public health measures, authorize specific actions among public and private actors, and empower public health officials. Laws can also inhibit or restrict efforts designed to improve communal health through protections for individual rights or structural principles of government. Advancing the health of populations through law is complex and subject to constant tradeoffs. This column seeks to explore the role of law in the interests of public health through scholarly and applied assessments across a spectrum of key issues. The first of these assessments focuses on a critical topic in emergency legal preparedness.

Integrated Regional Policy: Lessons from Switzerland

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Thierstein ◽  
U K Egger
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Integrated Policy ◽  
Administrative Structures ◽  
Private Actors

The global context for regional policy is changing fast. Regional policy is challenged by the globalisation and regionalisation of political and economic structures, the implementation of sustainable development, and the reform of political and administrative structures. Most European countries have started to reformulate their regional policy. This wave of change has touched Switzerland as well. Although disparities between the regions are not of the same magnitude as in other countries, regional development problems can be found all over Switzerland. Regional policy, however, has not been adapted to tackle the present challenges. Evaluations in Switzerland and experiences in other countries reveal a need for a more integrated regional policy approach. With reference to the Swiss context, the authors outline the form an integrated policy approach could take. The approach includes the political system and sectoral policies with regional impact and comprises six elements: public and private actors; institutional structures and processes; top-down and bottom-up approaches; exogenous and endogenous strategies; economic, social, and environmental dimensions; and policies at regional, national, and European levels. This integrated perspective is complemented with considerations of how this approach in practice could look like on the national and the regional level. Special attention is given to the role of regional actors and institutions in the development process.

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