scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Agriculture in Chile, Reflections on the Role of Public Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-209
Author(s):  
Oscar Melo ◽  
◽  
Nadia Báez ◽  
Daniela Acuña ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Agriculture Sustainability ◽  
Increasing Demand

Given the increasing demand for agricultural products and the environmental degradation that current agricultural practices generate, there is an urgent need to change the activity. Sustainable agriculture emerges as an attractive alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of the activity on the environment, increase its resilience to global change, and increase the current population’s quality of life without sacrificing that of future generations. However, identifying effective policies that can achieve these goals remains elusive. In Chile, this sector has been one of the drivers of growth and poverty reduction but still faces many environmental and social challenges, and there is a growing public demand for achieving sustainability from an economic, environmental, and social perspective. Public and private institutions have made relevant efforts to increase Chilean agriculture sustainability. However, the need to transition towards sustainable agriculture is still not recognized by all stakeholders. In this article, we review current challenges and policies to achieve a more sustainable agriculture in Chile.

scholarly journals The Role of Place of Delivery in Preventing Neonatal and Infant Mortality Rate in India

Geographies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Ujjwal Das ◽  
Barkha Chaplot ◽  
Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
At Home

Skilled birth attendance and institutional delivery have been advocated for reducing maternal, neonatal mortality and infant mortality (NMR and IMR). This paper examines the role of place of delivery with respect to neo-natal and infant mortality in India using four rounds of the Indian National Family Health Survey conducted in 2015–2016. The place of birth has been categorized as “at home” or “public and private institution.” The role of place of delivery on neo-natal and infant mortality was examined by using multivariate hazard regression models adjusted for clus-tering and relevant maternal, socio-economic, pregnancy and new-born characteristics. There were 141,028 deliveries recorded in public institutions and 54,338 in private institutions. The esti-mated neonatal mortality rate in public and private institutions during this period was 27 and 26 per 1000 live births respectively. The study shows that when the mother delivers child at home, the chances of neonatal mortality risks are higher than the mortality among children born at the health facility centers. Regression analysis also indicates that a professionally qualified provider′s antenatal treatment and assistance greatly decreases the risks of neonatal mortality. The results of the study illustrate the importance of the provision of institutional facilities and proper pregnancy in the prevention of neonatal and infant deaths. To improve the quality of care during and imme-diately after delivery in health facilities, particularly in public hospitals and in rural areas, accel-erated strengthening is required.

scholarly journals Role of Educational Technology in Public and Private Institutes at Secondary School Level in District Karak (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Qaiser Suleman ◽  
Ishtiaq Hussain ◽  
Zaitoon Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
School Level ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
Teachers And Students

Educational technology plays a fundamental role in enhancing teaching learning process. It has facilitated instructional process and made it more productive, dynamic and effective. Therefore the study was conducted to explore the role of educational technology in public and private institutes in district Karak (Khyber Pukhtunkhwa) Pakistan in comparative perspectives. The main objectives of the study were: to compare the availability of educational technology in public and private institutions at secondary level; to compare the usability of educational technology in public and private institutions at secondary level and to know the usefulness of educational technology in public and private institutions at secondary level. All the heads, teachers and students in public and private secondary schools in district Karak constituted the population of the study. In order to ensure adequate sample, 60 heads, 180 teachers and 600 students serving and studying in public and private sectors at secondary school level in District Karak were selected randomly. The study was delimited to the selected male public and private secondary schools. The study was also delimited to those technologies which are commonly used. The study was descriptive in nature therefore, the researchers decided to develop questionnaire for the collection of data. A single questionnaire was developed for the whole sample. Pilot testing was conducted to know the weakness, misconceptions and ambiguities of the questions. After conduction of pilot testing, the questionnaire was revised and then its final version was prepared in the light of valuable suggestions of the heads, teachers and students. The researchers personally visited to the respective sample and distributed the questionnaires among the heads, teachers and students in public and private secondary schools. In this way data was collected. After the collection of data, the data was organized, tabulated and analyzed. The researchers decided to apply chi-square for the statistical treatment of the data. Therefore, chi square was applied to compare the responses of the sample. After analysis of the data, it was concluded that educational technologies are not available in both sectors. Some technologies are available in minor amount but these technologies are not used in both public and private sectors. Key Words:Educational Technology, Availability of Educational Technology, Usability of Educational Technology, Importance of Educational Technology

scholarly journals Assessing Terrorism Threats to New Zealand: The role of the Combined Threat Assessment Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Terrorism Threat ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Threat Assessments

This article has been produced by the Combined Threat Assessment Group (CTAG). It provides in detail, and publicly for the first time, a genuinely informed explanation for the origins and function of CTAG. It covers the nature and challenge of threat assessment, the methodology applied as well various iterations of the threat assessments that are undertaken. This leads on to an explanation of how New Zealand’s National Terrorism Threat Level is set. Overall, this article provides an informative and well-rounded explanation of the components that comprise the National Terrorism Threat Level and makes for essential reading for wider public service, academic, and security conscious public and private institutions across the country.

scholarly journals The Role of Citizen Science in Sustainable Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10375
Author(s):  
Khaldoon A. Mourad ◽  
Seyyed Hasan Hosseini ◽  
Helen Avery
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Farmers know much more than we think, and they are keen to improve their knowledge in order to improve their farms and increase their income. On the other hand, decision-makers, organizations, and researchers are increasing their use of citizen volunteers to strengthen their outcomes, enhance project implementation, and approach ecosystem sustainability. This paper assesses the role of citizen science relating to agricultural practices and covers citizen science literature on agriculture and farmers’ participation during the period 2007–2019. The literature was examined for the role of citizen science in supporting sustainable agriculture activities, pointing to opportunities, challenges, and recommendations. The study identified the following gaps: insufficient attention to (1) long-term capacity building and dialogue between academics and farming communities; (2) developing countries in the global South and smallholders; (3) agriculture trading and marketing; (4) the rationales of selecting target groups; (5) contributing to accelerated sustainability transitions. The main aim of the research projects reviewed in this study tended to focus on the research outcomes from an academic perspective, not sustainable solutions in practice or sustainability in general. More research is needed to address these gaps and to widen the benefits of citizen science in sustainable agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Changing civil society in Spain through transparency and civic technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Magallón-Rosa ◽  
Victoria Bolaños-Huertas ◽  
Victoria Anderica-Caffarena
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Knowing How

This paper addresses the role of open data in the development of civic technologies in Spain. We have analysed organisations that are using technology as a tool to improve transparency, democracy and citizen participation in public matters. During this research we run through the evolution of the use of technologies by civil society in Spain, we define the concept of civic technologies and propose a set of typologies, paying special attention to the source of data, with the final aim of knowing how often public open data has been used. We conclude by highlighting the need to increase the communication between public and private institutions and the organisations that use data in favour of providing useful information and making easier the development of civic technologies.

scholarly journals Planning for Local Economic Development: Research into Policymaking and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Evan Cleave ◽  
Godwin Arku
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Industrial Decline

This thematic issue of <em>Urban Planning</em> brings together a collection of seven articles that explore and critically engage with contemporary issues with local economic development and connect with the broader fields of urban development and planning. The articles presented here provide a complementary mix of broader conceptualizations and research and narrower case-studies which draw from a range of geographies. Contributions include the development and application of a vulnerability and risk measures for economic prosperity; examinations of how urban planning and zoning are used as tools to address industrial decline and spur new forms of economic production; complementing investigations into the role of innovation within local economic development examining the role of public and private institutions as well as broad and targeted policy interventions; and the relationship between ‘big-tech,’ economic development and urban planning and governance.

scholarly journals Reflecting on the role of universities in the fight against corruption

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
University Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Guidelines And Standards ◽  
The University

Purpose Corruption continues to ravage societies around the world. The fight against corruption can be fruitful only if approached from multiple standpoints. Thus, corruption must also be approached from an academic and educational perspective. The purpose of this paper is to provide a good practice example of how universities and business schools can take actions to align themselves with the international sustainability and anticorruption agenda. Design/methodology/approach The six principles of the United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) provide a framework for higher education institutions to address corruption-related issues. This paper presents the case story of the Swiss-based University of Applied Sciences HTW Chur, which developed an academic working agenda on corruption-related topics based on the principles of the PRME. Findings The case story shares the actions that HTW Chur has taken and the benefits that have resulted from the university’s work. The findings show that to address corruption-related issues, scholars from the university took actions related to four principles in the PRME: method, research, partnership and dialogue. Furthermore, the results indicate that in addition to the university itself, public and private institutions have also profited from the actions taken. Research limitations/implications This paper is founded on a single case story; thus, the usual limitations of this research design apply. Practical implications It becomes apparent that the needs of the private sector in the fight against corruption could be addressed by engaging in and strengthening partnerships with universities. Thus, it seems beneficial to develop guidelines and standards to facilitate collaborations and dialogue in a participatory and transparent way. Originality/value The paper provides a good practice example of how universities can take actions to align themselves with the international sustainability and anticorruption agenda.

scholarly journals Local Labor Markets and Higher Education Mismatch: What is The Role of Public and Private Institutions?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Arias Ortiz ◽  
Mary Kaltenberg ◽  
Cristian Jara-Figueroa ◽  
Ivan Bornacelly ◽  
Dominik Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Local Labor Markets ◽  
Public And Private

scholarly journals CLIMATE CHANGE & AGRICULTURE IN INDIA- EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL MISSION FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 52-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Patel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
The Impact

Climate change has been the most serious challenge affecting agriculture in India where direct effects of climate change are expected to be very harsh. India will need to produce estimated 320 MT of food grains by the year 2025. Acknowledging the significant role of Science & Technology, India has since 2008 established “National Action Plan on Climate Change” which includes “National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture [NMSA]” among eight missions. NMSA aims at developing technologies & innovative agricultural practices and strengthening the capacity of farming communities to cope effectively with both climatic variability and changes. Adaptation and mitigation potential is nowhere more pronounced than in India where agricultural productivity remains low and poverty, vulnerability & food insecurity remain high. Against this background this development perspective article attempts to highlight the impact of climate change on agriculture in general and in India in particular and suggests the priority areas to accelerate the process of effective implementation of NMSA launched on June 26, 2015.

The OECD Approach to Responsible Innovation

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
David E. Winickoff ◽  
Hermann Garden
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Anticipatory Governance ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Technology Governance ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Innovation Approach ◽  
Private Actors

Ultimately, technology will be useless unless it can be diffused and built into society in ways that are socially robust—trustworthy, debated, accessible, and acceptable. Thirty-six member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development have recently enacted the Council Recommendation on Responsible Innovation in Neurotechnology, adopted on December 11, 2019. The Recommendation is the first international instrument in its field. Committed to the idea that we must not just innovate more but innovate well, the Recommendation embodies a “responsible innovation” approach that could serve as a model for technology governance both in neurotechnology and beyond. The Recommendation aims to help public and private actors address the ethical, legal and social challenges of neurotechnology while encouraging innovation. At least five overarching elements help set out a novel approach to neurotechnology governance: (i) mission orientation, (ii) inclusivity of the innovation process (iii) anticipatory governance, (iv) societal deliberation, and (v) the role of the private sector.

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