Non–Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System Inflammatory Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 555-564
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Zalewski ◽  
Sean J. Pittock
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cns Disease

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease. Yet, clinicians should be cognizant of other demyelinating and nondemyelinating CNS inflammatory diseases, some of which mimic MS. This chapter reviews the spectrum of non-MS CNS inflammatory diseases and MS mimics.

Trichuris suis secrete products that reduce disease severity in a multiple sclerosis model

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Søholm Hansen ◽  
Henrik Hasseldam ◽  
Idahella Hyldgaard Bacher ◽  
Stig Milan Thamsborg ◽  
Flemming Fryd Johansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Western World ◽  
Cns Disease ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reduce Disease Severity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Model

AbstractMultiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) disease, which affects about 1 in 1000 individuals in the western world. It has been suggested that this relatively high prevalence is linked to a high level of hygiene,

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis Revealed by Anterior Uveitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidi Dahi ◽  
Mehdi Khamaily ◽  
Joumany Brahim Salem ◽  
Imane Tarib ◽  
Mounia Bouchaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Oculomotor Nerve ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
Atypical Case ◽  
Autoimmune Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, leading to the formation of foci of demyelination. Ocular involvement is quite frequent and multiple, dominated by inflammatory optic neuropathies, oculomotor nerve damage, nystagmus and uveitis. We report an atypical case of multiple sclerosis revealed by an anterior unilateral synechiatic hypertensive uveitis in a young patient of 27 years.

scholarly journals Role of CCR2 in Inflammatory Conditions of the Central Nervous System

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1425-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah X Chu ◽  
Thiruma V Arumugam ◽  
Mathias Gelderblom ◽  
Tim Magnus ◽  
Grant R Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cns Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Effective Development

CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) plays important roles in extravasation and transmigration of monocytes under inflammatory conditions. CCR2 and its ligands have been extensively studied in a range of inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke. This brief review summarizes our current understanding of the physiologic and pathologic roles of CCR2, focusing on its involvement in CNS inflammatory diseases. There appears to be a rationale for exploring therapies involving CCR2 inhibition in multiple sclerosis and ischemic stroke, but there is also evidence for immunomodulatory and protective effects of CCR2 activity during CNS inflammation. The critical balance between protective and detrimental roles of CCR2-dependent recruitment of leukocytes must therefore be carefully examined to guide safe and effective development of any therapies involving CCR2 modulation.

A case of relapsing–remitting tumour-like inflammation of the central nervous system

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1742-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Miante ◽  
Paola Perini ◽  
Francesca Rinaldi ◽  
Paolo Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The case of a 37-year-old woman suffering from a relapsing–remitting tumefactive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) is described. The patient had four severe relapses over eight years, and was treated with steroids, immunosuppression and plasma-exchange with modest benefit. No magnetic resonance imaging or cerebrospinal spinal fluid findings suggestive of multiple sclerosis emerged during the eight-year follow-up. ‘Relapsing–remitting tumefactive inflammation’ seems to have the features of a distinct inflammatory CNS disease.

scholarly journals BAFF is produced by astrocytes and up-regulated in multiple sclerosis lesions and primary central nervous system lymphoma

2005 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Krumbholz ◽  
Diethilde Theil ◽  
Tobias Derfuss ◽  
Andreas Rosenwald ◽  
Frank Schrader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cell Components

We report that B cell–activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family (BAFF) is expressed in the normal human brain at ∼10% of that in lymphatic tissues (tonsils and adenoids) and is produced by astrocytes. BAFF was regularly detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in brain tissue lysates and in normal spinal fluid, and in astrocytes by double fluorescence microscopy. Cultured human astrocytes secreted functionally active BAFF after stimulation with interferon-γ and TNF-α via a furin-like protease-dependent pathway. BAFF secretion per cell was manifold higher in activated astrocytes than in monocytes and macrophages. We studied brain lesions with B cell components, and found that in multiple sclerosis plaques, BAFF expression was strongly up-regulated to levels observed in lymphatic tissues. BAFF was localized in astrocytes close to BAFF-R–expressing immune cells. BAFF receptors were strongly expressed in situ in primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas. This paper identifies astrocytes as a nonimmune source of BAFF. CNS-produced BAFF may support B cell survival in inflammatory diseases and primary B cell lymphoma.

scholarly journals Multiple Sclerosis and Evaluation of Vitamin D Effect

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zahra Eslamifar ◽  
Behnaz Deihim ◽  
Reza Ghaffaripour
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases. The symptoms vary depending on damage location. Some of the symptoms include cognitive disorders, anxiety and depression, visual impairment, respiratory, speech and swallowing disorders, muscle spasm and fatigue. Due to the lack of a definitive treatment method, various therapeutic approaches are proposed to control the disease. Drugs are classified into attack control drugs, complication control drugs and disease-modifying drugs. Vitamin D is a hormone-like steroidal compound with immune modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a variety of inflammatory, neurologic and autoimmune diseases. Many studies on patients as well as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis studies have shown that the administration of vitamin D reduces inflammation in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. As argued, vitamin D level was significantly lower in MS compared to healthy subjects as controls.  Also, a higher level of vitamin D is reported in relapsing-remitting MS patients compared to patients with progressive MS. It is observed that higher serum levels of vitamin D can reduce the severity of symptoms, progress, and also delays the relapses. Few studies considered vitamin D to be ineffective in stopping or inhibition the disease. Despite the controversies concerning the role of vitamin D in MS progress, there is a lot of interest in further research in this regard with the hope of reaching a common ground. Therefore, frequent reviews of past and recent studies are essential to achieve the same results.

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