Computed tomography for cardiac morphology, function, and valve disease

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 560-565
Author(s):  
Victoria Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Valvular Heart Disease ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Cardiac Morphology ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Transcatheter Interventions

Computed tomography (CT) has become an important imaging tool to evaluate cardiac anatomy. This three-dimensional, isotropic imaging technique provides volumetric datasets with submillimetre tissue resolution that can be post-processed to define the cardiac structures. CT has become the mainstay imaging technique for selection of patients for, and planning of, transcatheter interventions for structural heart disease. Electrocardiographic-gated CT permits acquisition of cardiac datasets along the cardiac cycle enabling assessment of left and right ventricular function and valvular heart disease. In addition, the advent of three-dimensional printing technologies, which use three-dimensional patient-specific models frequently obtained from CT datasets, has opened a myriad of possibilities in terms of development of anatomical teaching tools, functional models to assess vessel and valve function, planning surgical or transcatheter interventions, and designing of transcatheter cardiac devices. This chapter reviews the role of CT in assessing cardiac morphology and function and valvular heart disease.

X-ray microtomography

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 998-999
Author(s):  
H.W. Deckman ◽  
B.F. Flannery ◽  
J.H. Dunsmuir ◽  
K.D' Amico
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panoramic Imaging ◽  
Three Dimensional Images

We have developed a new X-ray microscope which produces complete three dimensional images of samples. The microscope operates by performing X-ray tomography with unprecedented resolution. Tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that creates maps of the internal structure of samples from measurement of the attenuation of penetrating radiation. As conventionally practiced in medical Computed Tomography (CT), radiologists produce maps of bone and tissue structure in several planar sections that reveal features with 1mm resolution and 1% contrast. Microtomography extends the capability of CT in several ways. First, the resolution which approaches one micron, is one thousand times higher than that of the medical CT. Second, our approach acquires and analyses the data in a panoramic imaging format that directly produces three-dimensional maps in a series of contiguous stacked planes. Typical maps available today consist of three hundred planar sections each containing 512x512 pixels. Finally, and perhaps of most import scientifically, microtomography using a synchrotron X-ray source, allows us to generate maps of individual element.

scholarly journals The Changing Paradigm in the Treatment of Structural Heart Disease and the Need for the Interventional Imaging Specialist

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Nina C Wunderlich ◽  
Harald Küx ◽  
Felix Kreidel ◽  
Ralf Birkemeyer ◽  
Robert J Siegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Percutaneous Treatment ◽  
Interventional Imaging ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Structural Heart Diseases ◽  
Specialist Standard ◽  
Contrast Ventriculography

Percutaneous interventions in structural heart diseases are emerging rapidly. The variety of novel percutaneous treatment approaches and the increasing complexity of interventional procedures are associated with new challenges and demands on the imaging specialist. Standard catheterisation laboratory imaging modalities such as fluoroscopy and contrast ventriculography provide inadequate visualisation of the soft tissue or three-dimensional delineation of the heart. Consequently, additional advanced imaging technology is needed to diagnose and precisely identify structural heart diseases, to properly select patients for specific interventions and to support fluoroscopy in guiding procedures. As imaging expertise constitutes a key factor in the decision-making process and in the management of patients with structural heart disease, the sub-speciality of interventional imaging will likely develop out of an increased need for high-quality imaging.

scholarly journals Recent advances in echocardiography for valvular heart disease

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Valvular Heart Disease ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fusion Imaging ◽  
Intracardiac Echocardiography ◽  
Dimensional Echocardiography ◽  
Three Dimensional Echocardiography

Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice for the assessment of patients with valvular heart disease. Echocardiographic advancements may have particular impact on the assessment and management of patients with valvular heart disease. This review will summarize the current literature on advancements, such as three-dimensional echocardiography, strain imaging, intracardiac echocardiography, and fusion imaging, in this patient population.

Computed Tomography Evaluation in Valvular Heart Disease

2010 ◽  
pp. 159-167
Author(s):  
Javier Sanz ◽  
Leticia Fernández-Friera ◽  
Mario J. García
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Valvular Heart Disease

scholarly journals Age- and sex-related changes of the volume of maxillary sinuses quantified via cone beam computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e312101422220
Author(s):  
Lucas Eigi Borges Tanaka ◽  
Ademir Franco ◽  
Rafael Ferreira Abib ◽  
Luiz Roberto Coutinho Manhães-Junior ◽  
Sergio Lucio Pereira de Castro Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Anatomical studies found in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) an optimal resource for the three-dimensional (3D) assessment of the head and neck. When it comes to the maxillary sinuses, CBCT enables a life-size reliable volumetric analysis. This study aimed to assess the age and sex-related changes of the maxillary sinuses using volumetric CBCT analysis. The sample consisted of CBCT scans of 112 male (n = 57) and female (n = 55) individuals (224 maxillary sinuses) distributed in 5 age categories: 20 |— 30, 31 |— 40, 41 |— 50, 51 |— 60 and > 60 years. Image acquisition was accomplished with the i-CAT Next Generation device set with voxel size of 0.25 mm and field of view that included the maxillary sinuses (retrospective sample collection from an existing database). Image segmentation was performed in itk-SNAP (www.itksnap.org) software. The volume (mm3) of the segmented sinuses was quantified and compared pairwise based on side (left and right), sex (male and female) and age (five groups). Differences between left and right sides volume were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean volume of maxillary sinuses in males was 22% higher than females (p = 0.0001). Volumetric differences were not statistically significant between age categories for males and females (p > 0.05). The discriminant power of sinuses’ volume may support customized and patient-specific treatment planning based on sex.

Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Interventions for Structural Heart Disease

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (16) ◽  
pp. 1323-1343
Author(s):  
Paolo Calabrò ◽  
Felice Gragnano ◽  
Giampaolo Niccoli ◽  
Rossella Marcucci ◽  
Marco Zimarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Antithrombotic Therapy ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Tricuspid Valve Repair ◽  
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Valve Implantation ◽  
Transcatheter Interventions

Contemporary evidence supports device-based transcatheter interventions for the management of patients with structural heart disease. These procedures, which include aortic valve implantation, mitral or tricuspid valve repair/implantation, left atrial appendage occlusion, and patent foramen ovale closure, profoundly differ with respect to clinical indications and procedural aspects. Yet, patients undergoing transcatheter cardiac interventions require antithrombotic therapy before, during, or after the procedure to prevent thromboembolic events. However, these therapies are associated with an increased risk of bleeding complications. To date, challenges and controversies exist regarding balancing the risk of thrombotic and bleeding complications in these patients such that the optimal antithrombotic regimens to adopt in each specific procedure is still unclear. In this review, we summarize current evidence on antithrombotic therapies for device-based transcatheter interventions targeting structural heart disease and emphasize the importance of a tailored approach in these patients.

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