Gastrointestinal emergencies

2021 ◽  
pp. 429-444
Author(s):  
Jennie Burch ◽  
Brigitte Collins
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Life Threatening

The gastrointestinal emergencies chapter explores a number of emergency situations that can occur with the gastrointestinal tract. These situations can occur quickly and be life-threatening. Nursing care is essential in emergency situations, for example, when there is bleeding in the upper portion of the gut, that is, haematemesis, such as from varices. Treatment can be performed via endoscopy or surgery, for example. Acute abdominal pain may be the result of a perforation or an obstruction within the bowel. A perforation of the bowel might result in peritonitis. These emergencies are explored with consideration of symptoms, causes, investigations, and treatment options. Succinct explanation of gastrointestinal emergencies within this chapter can be used within clinical practice by the nurse.

Celiac artery aneurysm causing an acute abdomen

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e240533
Author(s):  
Rute Castelhano ◽  
Khine Myat Win ◽  
Sara Carty
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Common Presentation ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Celiac Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Accident And Emergency Department ◽  
Surgical Conditions

Abdominal pain is a very common presentation in the accident and emergency department. However, vasculitis is not the usual first differential diagnosis. This paper discusses a case of polyarteritis nodosa presenting with acute abdominal pain alone. Common surgical conditions were obviously considered, but they were not found to cause the patient’s problems. We describe how investigations led to this diagnosis discussed in detail in this paper. It is important to remember that prompt recognition of unusual life-threatening conditions can lead to timely intervention.

scholarly journals Ileocecal Burkitt’s Lymphoma Presenting as Acute Abdominal Pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 968-972
Author(s):  
Mostafa Mosbeh Abdelmaksoud ◽  
Maram Kheder Alshareef ◽  
Alaa Osama Jamjoom ◽  
Mohamed Tarek Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Renal Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Emergency Laparotomy ◽  
Ileocecal Region ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas are rare tumors which account for about 0.9% of all gastrointestinal tract tumors. They are usually associated with inflammatory bowel disease, previous radiotherapy, and renal transplantation. We report a case of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma involving the ileocecal region in a 46-year-old gentleman who presented with acute abdominal pain that mandated emergency laparotomy.

scholarly journals Causes and Management of Acute Abdominal Pain in Children: A Review Article

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
May Abdullah S. Alanazi ◽  
Abdulaziz Muslih Muhaylan Alsharari ◽  
Ibrahim Awadh R. Alanazi ◽  
Abdulaziz Mashan R. Alanazi
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pain Site ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Surgical Conditions

Acute abdominal pain is one of the commonest prevalent grievances in children, and it frequently requires emergency room diagnosis and management. Abdominal pain in children differs with age, concomitant symptoms, and pain site. While most cases of acute abdominal embarrassment are self-limiting and benevolent, there are certain diseases that can be life-threatening and necessitate instant care, such as appendicitis, intussusception, or intestinal obstruction. To decide the cause of acute abdominal pain and recognize children with surgical conditions, scrupulous history taking and numerous physical checkups are mandatory.The most important and realistic first goal in the evaluation of acute AP is to distinguish between surgical and nonsurgical situations, which are further divided into urgent and non-urgent categories. A thorough history and physical examination, laboratory investigations to evaluate comorbidity, and imaging scans are usually used for these purposes. Management decisions should necessitate teamwork between the emergency room physician, a surgeon, and a radiologist. Consecutivereassessment and symptomatic treatment with hardworking follow-up are necessary for management as soon aspossible in urgent disorder.

scholarly journals EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Patient History ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Pain Evaluation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Good Quality Data

Background: Acute abdominal pain is a public problem in the outpatient setting and can represent conditions ranging from benign to life-threatening. The patient history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and diagnostic imaging are the major evaluation methods for acute abdominal pain. There was not sufficient good-quality data for the management of acute abdominal pain, where it relies on the knowledge and expertise of the doctors. A web-based search utilizing the advanced characteristics of different databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane electronic databases was carried out. Here we aimed to review the major evaluation methods for acute abdominal pain and its management protocols. Keywords: Acute, Abdominal, Pain, Evaluation, Management, Review

scholarly journals Nonspecific abdominal pain: Do I have to allocate a specific diagnosis for every patient?

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Acute Care Setting ◽  
Acute Setting ◽  
The World ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Life Threatening

Acute abdominal pain is one of the most common chief complaints in the acute setting all over the world. The definitive diagnoses of these patients vary depending on age, gender, geographical and sociodemographic characteristics etc. Apart from these, aging of the population, obesity, advanced diagnostic imaging modalities and changes in nutritional habits also have an impact on the rates of specific diagnoses. On the other hand, nonspecific abdominal pain constitutes almost half of all visits due to acute abdominal pain in the acute care setting. This phenomenon is the main differential diagnostic problem in the management of these patients because missing a life-threatening condition can cause enormous medicolegal problems for the caregivers. Certain diagnostic scoring systems have also been developed to facilitate recognition and management of these conditions. This article aims to review the entity and underline the challenges it can bring to the scene.

Clinical presentation and management of liver lobe torsions in domestic rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 420-425
Author(s):  
Abigail Edis
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Liver Lobe ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Domestic Rabbits

Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are common household pets, and make endearing companions for both the young and old. Rabbit medicine has advanced greatly in recent years, and we are now able to recognise, diagnose and treat many conditions and presentations that may have previously been poorly understood. One of the conditions that is increasingly recognised is liver lobe torsion, which can prove difficult to recognise in clinical practice, especially if the team has not encountered the condition before. The purpose of this article is to highlight liver lobe torsions in rabbits, their presentation and treatment options and nursing care, and describe a successful case seen at the clinic.

Drugs in gastrointestinal care

2021 ◽  
pp. 405-428
Author(s):  
Jennie Burch ◽  
Brigitte Collins
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
The Many ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

The chapter entitled drugs in gastrointestinal care explores the many drugs that are either used in the care of people with disorders and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or affect the gut. Medications are often necessary to treat gastrointestinal issues but there may be side effects that should be managed by nurses, Pain might be treated by drugs, such as different types of analgesia; infections are treated by antibiotics, and nausea by antiemetics. Additionally treatment of constipation with the use of laxatives is explored as there are a variety of medications that have dissimilar methods of working. Upper gastrointestinal diseases may be treated by medications, such as proton pump inhibitors. Alternatively, there may be side effects of other drugs that affect the gastrointestinal tract that require nursing care. This chapter is tabulated for ease of use by the nurse in clinical practice, to include the indication for when to use the drug and any side effects.

Endovascular treatment of isolated spontaneous celiac artery dissection

Vascular ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Xuemin Zhang ◽  
Jingjun Jiang ◽  
Bingying Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Celiac Artery ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Selective Angiography ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities

This report presents the case of a patient with isolated spontaneous celiac artery dissection. The patient developed acute abdominal pain that was induced by eating. Computed tomography and selective angiography revealed an intimal flap that separated the true and false lumens located 3 cm from the origin of the celiac artery. We treated the patient with a stent that was deployed endovascularly into the celiac artery to seal the entry site. Postoperative angiography revealed that the graft was patent and the follow-up period was uneventful. The etiology, clinical features, diagnostic modalities and treatment options of isolated spontaneous celiac artery dissection are reported.

scholarly journals Abdominal Pain: A Silent and Unlikely Cause

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110452
Author(s):  
Kristen Farraj ◽  
Atul Sinha ◽  
Aboud Kaliounji ◽  
Deepthi Kagolanu ◽  
Kaleem Rizvon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Rare Disease ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Acute Abdominal Pain ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Quadrant Abdominal Pain ◽  
Life Threatening

While diverticulosis is a common phenomenon in the large intestine, it is a rare disease found in the small intestine accounting for only 0.06% to 1.3% of cases. Although most cases are asymptomatic, roughly 30% to 40%, it is crucial that it is on the differential of acute abdominal pain as it can be life-threatening and potentially require surgical management. Here, we describe a case of a 61-year-old Hispanic man who was found to have a perforated jejunal diverticula after initially presenting with left upper quadrant abdominal pain.

Paediatric gastrointestinal care

2021 ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Jennie Burch ◽  
Brigitte Collins
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Imperforate Anus ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Anorectal Atresia

The paediatric gastrointestinal care chapter explores problems with the gastrointestinal tract with a focus on paediatric care. Commonly seen conditions in babies and children are described with the more frequently presenting symptoms listed for the nurse. The occurrence rates of these paediatric conditions are defined and any potential causes described. The investigations that are used to diagnose the condition are explored. Treatment options are also explored with a description of any potential complications. Issues include congenital anomalies, such as imperforate anus, also termed anorectal atresia, when a baby is born without a formed anus. Other gastrointestinal diseases that can affect children include duplication cysts, Hirschsprung’s disease, malrotation, and volvulus. Developmental issues, such as childhood toilet training, are also explored within this chapter. Succinct explorations on the issues related to children and infants can be undertaken within clinical practice by the nurse.

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