Definition of Apathy and Differential Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Philippe Robert ◽  
Valeria Manera

Motivation, initiation, interest, goal-directed behaviour, reward, and incentive are just some of the words associated with the concept of apathy in brain disorders. This vocabulary is even richer if we encompass different neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia and major depression. This is a paradox for this concept, which is so difficult to capture and to define at the theoretical level, and at the same time easy to understand and observe in clinical practice. This chapter aims to summarize the different apathy definitions, present the diagnostic criteria for apathy in brain disorders, and discuss differential diagnosis and overlap with other conditions, such as anhedonia, fatigue, and depression.

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold J. Sansevere ◽  
Jennifer Avalone ◽  
Lauren Doyle Strauss ◽  
Archana A. Patel ◽  
Anna Pinto ◽  
...  

By definition, unprovoked seizures are not precipitated by an identifiable factor, such as fever or trauma. A thorough history and physical examination are essential to caring for pediatric patients with a potential first unprovoked seizure. Differential diagnosis, EEG, neuroimaging, laboratory tests, and initiation of treatment will be reviewed. Treatment is typically initiated after 2 unprovoked seizures, or after 1 seizure in select patients with distinct epilepsy syndromes. Recent expansion of the definition of epilepsy by the ILAE allows for the diagnosis of epilepsy to be made after the first seizure if the clinical presentation and supporting diagnostic studies suggest a greater than 60% chance of a second seizure. This review summarizes the current literature on the diagnostic and therapeutic management of first unprovoked seizure in children and adolescents while taking into consideration the revised diagnostic criteria of epilepsy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Yu. Zhogno ◽  
O. Riga

OPEN QUESTIONS ABOUT THE USE USE AND DEFINITION OF THE STATUS OF A PALLIATIVE CARE PATIENTYu. Zhogno, O.RigaThe article discusses the issue of determining the status of a palliative patient in the context of institutionalization of the national system of palliative care in Ukraine and the statistical obscurity of palliative patients. The definition of "palliative status of a patient" is studied using the materials of scientific Ukrainian and foreign sources. Semantics  of the concepts of "status", "patient" and "palliative" are featured. The criteria for determining the patient's palliative status and its differential diagnosis are discussed using modern approaches to its categorization. Recommendations for determining the patient's palliative status, including that of a child, were developed.Conclusion. The question of the status of a palliative patient still remains unanswered in practice, especially when palliative care is not finally institutionalized as an integral part of both clinical practice and collective consciousness of Ukrainian society.Key words: palliative care, status of a palliative patient, discrimination.ВІДКРИТІ ПИТАННЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ СТАТУСУ ПАЛІАТИВНОГО ПАЦІЄНТАЮ. Жогно, О. РігаУ статті дискутуються питання визначення статусу паліативного хворого в контексті інституалізації національної системи паліативної допомоги в Україні та статистичної непомітності паліативних пацієнтів. Дефініція «паліативний статус пацієнта» досліджується на матеріалі наукових вітчизняних та закордонних джерел. Розглянута семантика понять «статус», «пацієнт» та «паліативний». Обговорюються критерії визначення паліативного статусу пацієнта та його диференціальна діагностика, використовуючи сучасні підходи до його категоризації. Розроблено рекомендації щодо визначення паліативного статусу пацієнта, в тому числі, дитячого віку. Висновки. Визначення статусу паліативного пацієнта досі залишається на практиці без відповіді, особливо коли паліативна допомога остаточно не інституалізовано невід'ємною складовою як клінічної практики, так і колективної свідомості українського суспільства.Ключові слова: паліативна допомога, статус паліативного пацієнта пацієнта, дискримінація. ОТКРІТІЕ ВОПРОСІ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ И ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ СТАТУСА ПАЛЛИАТИВНОГО ПАЦИЕНТАЮ. Жогно, Е. РигаВ статье дискутируются вопросы определения статуса паллиативного больного в контексте институционализации национальной системы паллиативной помощи в Украине и статистической незаметности паллиативных пациентов. Дефиниция «паллиативный статус пациента» исследуется на материале научных отечественных и зарубежных источников. Рассмотрена семантика понятий «статус», «пациент» и «паллиативный». Обсуждаются критерии определения паллиативного статуса пациента и его дифференциальная диагностика, используя современные подходы к его категоризации. Разработаны рекомендации по определению паллиативного статуса пациента, в том числе, детского возраста. Выводы. Определение статуса паллиативного пациента до сих пор остается на практике без ответа, особенно когда паллиативная помощь окончательно не институализирована неотъемлемой составляющей как клинической практики, так и коллективного сознания украинского общества.Ключевые слова: паллиативная помощь, статус паллиативного пациента пациента, дискриминация.


2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Araujo ◽  
J. J. Sa ◽  
V. Araujo ◽  
M. Lopes ◽  
L. M. Cunha-Ribeiro

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2333794X2199371
Author(s):  
Donald W. Bendig

Sterile pyuria is a common finding in pediatric patients. Literature describing the diagnoses as well as clinical characteristics of children with sterile pyuria is lacking. This review was performed to establish an evidence-based approach to the differential diagnosis by way of an extensive literature search. The definition of pyuria is inconsistent. The various causes of pediatric sterile pyuria identified were classified as either Infectious or Non-Infectious. Sub-categories of Infectious causes include: Viral Infection, Bacterial Infection, Other Infections (tuberculosis, fungal, parasitic), Sexually Transmitted Infections, Recent Antibiotic Therapy. Non-Infectious causes include: Systemic Disease, Renal Disease, Drug Related, Inflammation adjacent to Genitourinary Tract. Clinicians that encounter pediatric patients with sterile pyuria and persistent symptoms should consider the substantial differential diagnosis described in this study.


2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Sicras-Mainar ◽  
Milagrosa Blanca-Tamayo ◽  
Laura Gutiérrez-Nicuesa ◽  
Jordi Salvatella-Pasant ◽  
Ruth Navarro-Artieda

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S528-S529
Author(s):  
A. D’Agostino ◽  
S. Covanti ◽  
M. Rossi Monti ◽  
V. Starcevic

IntroductionOver the past decade, emotion dysregulation has become a very popular term in the psychiatric and clinical psychology literature and it has been described as a key component in a range of mental disorders. For this reason, it has been recently called the “hallmark of psychopathology” (Beauchaine et al., 2007). However, many issues make this concept controversial.ObjectivesTo explore emotion dysregulation, focusing on problems related to its definition, meanings and role in many psychiatric disorders.AimsTo clarify the psychopathological core of emotion dysregulation and to discuss potential implications for clinical practice.MethodsA literature review was carried out by examining articles published in English between January 2003 and June 2015. A search of the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Medline, EMBASE and Google Scholar was performed to identify the relevant papers.ResultsAlthough, there is no agreement about the definition of emotion dysregulation, the following five overlapping, not mutually exclusive dimensions were identified: decreased emotional awareness, inadequate emotional reactivity, intense experience and expression of emotions, emotional rigidity and cognitive reappraisal difficulty. These dimensions characterise a number of psychiatric disorders in different proportions, with borderline personality disorder and eating disorders seemingly more affected than other conditions.ConclusionsThis review highlights a discrepancy between the widespread clinical use of emotion dysregulation and inadequate conceptual status of this construct. Better understanding of the various dimensions of emotion dysregulation has implications for treatment. Future research needs to address emotion dysregulation in all its multifaceted complexity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.


2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Suzuki ◽  
Mary B. McRae ◽  
Ellen L. Short

Sue’s proposed model is based on a critique of the Eurocentric assumptions underlying current clinical practice and reflects his innovative thinking and unique synthesis of past research. The specific areas addressed in this article focus on an examination of the multidimensional model of cultural competence (MDCC) and issues related to the definition of competence and its measurement. Areas of needed elaboration in the model include complexities related to power hierarchies (i.e., authority, authorization, and leadership) and implications for training and practice. Particular emphasis is placed on the complexities of cultural competence and the important contributions of Sue’s MDCC as an important step in making cultural competence a reality in the practice of counseling psychology.


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