Congenital Hydrocephalus

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0076 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Vera Joanna Burton ◽

Edward Ahn

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Spina Bifida ◽

Aqueductal Stenosis ◽

Ventricular System ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽

Abnormal Accumulation

Congenital hydrocephalus is defined as the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid resulting in the enlargement of the ventricular system in which the intracranial pressure is known or suspected to be elevated and present since before birth. Congenital hydrocephalus can occur in isolation but is often associated with other conditions such as aqueductal stenosis and spina bifida. Surgery, generally the placement of a ventriculopritoneal shunt, is the mainstay of treatment. Cognitive outcomes are variable and most predicted by associated disability.

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Mumps as a Cause of Hydrocephalus

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.50.2.346b ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 346-347

Author(s):

J. Hower ◽

H. E. Clar ◽

M. Düchting

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Head Circumference ◽

Aqueductal Stenosis ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽

Human Pathology ◽

Experimental Findings

We read Dr. Bray's communication with great interest. With actually three cases of aqueductal stenosis after mumps being recorded we cannot doubt that the experimental findings of Johnson and Johnson have a bearing on human pathology. Our patient, a 6½-year-old boy, underwent evaluation of his megacephalus five months before the onset of mumps. At that time a pneumoencephalogram could be obtained by lumbar filling. Cerebrospinal fluid flow was considered marginally adequate. Three months after mumps meningoencephalitis the patient presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (papilledema, sudden increase in head circumference, and widening of the coronar suture).

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Pneumocephalus in patients with CSF shunts

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1985.63.4.0532 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 532-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

John R. Ruge ◽

Leonard J. Cerullo ◽

David G. McLone

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Mental Status ◽

Aqueductal Stenosis ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

Csf Shunts ◽

Content Type ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Fine Print

✓ The authors present two cases of pneumocephalus occurring in patients with permanent shunts and review nine previously reported cases. Mental status changes and headache are the most common presenting symptoms. Six of the 11 cases of pneumocephalus occurred in patients with shunt placement for hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis. In these patients, thinned cerebrospinal fluid barriers secondary to longstanding increased intracranial pressure may predispose them to pneumocephalus. Temporary extraventricular drainage is an effective method of treatment in this group of patients. Two other etiologies are identified with significance to treatment, and the role of craniotomy is discussed.

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Neuropsychological Profiles of Children with Aqueductal Stenosis and Spina Bifida Myelomeningocele

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617712001117 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 127-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Lyla E. Hampton ◽

Jack M. Fletcher ◽

Paul Cirino ◽

Susan Blaser ◽

Larry A. Kramer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spina Bifida ◽

Motor Function ◽

Concept Formation ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Aqueductal Stenosis ◽

Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Function Concept ◽

Overall Performance ◽

Normal Cerebellum

AbstractWe compared neuropsychological profiles in children with shunted hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis (AS), a rare form of congenital hydrocephalus, and spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM), a common form of congenital hydrocephalus. Participants were 180 children with shunted hydrocephalus grouped according to etiology: SBM (n = 151), AS (n = 29), and typically developing (TD; n = 60) individuals. The group with AS performed below the TD group on all tasks except for reading, and their overall performance was higher than the group with SBM, who had the lowest performance in the sample. Both clinical groups significantly differed from the TD group on tasks of spatial function, concept formation, motor function, and memory. Performance of the subgroup of AS children with normal cerebellum status approximated that of the TD group, while those with cerebellar anomalies performed lower than others with AS. Cerebellar abnormalities (present in the whole SBM group and in a subset of the AD group) are associated with more compromise of cognitive as well as motor function. (JINS, 2012, 18, 1–10)

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