Mumps as a Cause of Hydrocephalus

We read Dr. Bray's communication with great interest. With actually three cases of aqueductal stenosis after mumps being recorded we cannot doubt that the experimental findings of Johnson and Johnson have a bearing on human pathology. Our patient, a 6½-year-old boy, underwent evaluation of his megacephalus five months before the onset of mumps. At that time a pneumoencephalogram could be obtained by lumbar filling. Cerebrospinal fluid flow was considered marginally adequate. Three months after mumps meningoencephalitis the patient presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (papilledema, sudden increase in head circumference, and widening of the coronar suture).

Download Full-text

Aqueductal Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Phenomena on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison with Intracranial Pressure and Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics

Advances in Neurosurgery - Intracerebral Hemorrhage Hydrocephalus malresorptivus Peripheral Nerves ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-77997-8_25 ◽

1993 ◽

pp. 145-150

Author(s):

E. Hofmann ◽

J. Meixensberger ◽

M. Warmuth-Metz ◽

T. Becker ◽

K. Pfister ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Fluid Dynamics ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽

Flow Phenomena

Download Full-text

Novel Method for Controlling Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow and Intracranial Pressure by Use of a Tandem Shunt-Valve System

Hydrocephalus ◽

10.5772/31979 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Yasuo Aihara

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Shunt Valve ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽

Valve System ◽

Novel Method

Download Full-text

Management of proximal shunt obstruction

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1988.68.5.0817 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 817-819 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Charles C. Duncan

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Ventricular Catheter ◽

Shunt Failure ◽

Content Type ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽

Shunt Obstruction ◽

Fine Print

✓ Proximal shunt obstruction or obstruction of the ventricular catheter may present with signs and symptoms of shunt failure with either no cerebrospinal fluid flow or a falsely low intracranial pressure (ICP) upon shunt tap. The author reports a technique for lowering the ICP and for measuring the pressure in patients with such obstruction by cannulation of the reservoir and ventricular catheter to penetrate into the ventricle with a 3½-in. No. 22 spinal needle. The findings in 20 cases in which this approach was utilized are summarized.

Download Full-text

Pneumocephalus in patients with CSF shunts

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1985.63.4.0532 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 532-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

John R. Ruge ◽

Leonard J. Cerullo ◽

David G. McLone

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Intracranial Pressure ◽

Mental Status ◽

Aqueductal Stenosis ◽

Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽

Csf Shunts ◽

Content Type ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Fine Print

✓ The authors present two cases of pneumocephalus occurring in patients with permanent shunts and review nine previously reported cases. Mental status changes and headache are the most common presenting symptoms. Six of the 11 cases of pneumocephalus occurred in patients with shunt placement for hydrocephalus secondary to aqueductal stenosis. In these patients, thinned cerebrospinal fluid barriers secondary to longstanding increased intracranial pressure may predispose them to pneumocephalus. Temporary extraventricular drainage is an effective method of treatment in this group of patients. Two other etiologies are identified with significance to treatment, and the role of craniotomy is discussed.

Download Full-text

Why does endoscopic aqueductoplasty fail so frequently? Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid flow after endoscopic third ventriculostomy and aqueductoplasty using cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2012.3.jns111926 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 117 (1) ◽

pp. 141-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Christiane Schroeder ◽

Steffen Fleck ◽

Michael R. Gaab ◽

Klaus H. Schweim ◽

Henry W. S. Schroeder

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Fluid Flow ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy ◽

Aqueductal Stenosis ◽

Third Ventriculostomy ◽

Csf Flow ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow ◽

Flow Through ◽

Endoscopic Aqueductoplasty

Object The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare CSF flow after endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and endoscopic aqueductoplasty (EAP) in patients presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus caused by aqueductal stenosis. Methods In patients harboring aqueductal stenosis who underwent EAP (n = 8), ETV (n = 8), and both ETV and EAP (n = 6), CSF flow through the restored aqueduct and through the ventriculostomy was investigated using cine cardiac-gated phase-contrast MRI. For qualitative evaluation of CSF flow, an in-plane phase-contrast sequence in the midsagittal plane was used. The MR images were displayed in a closed-loop cine format. Quantitative through-plane measurements were performed in the axial plane perpendicular to the aqueduct and/or floor of the third ventricle. Results Evaluation revealed significantly higher CSF flow through the ventriculostomies compared with flow through the aqueducts. This was true both when comparing the ETV group with the EAP group and when comparing the flow of the ventriculostomy and aqueduct within the ETV and EAP group. There was no difference in aqueductal CSF flow between patients who underwent EAP alone and patients who underwent ETV and EAP. There was also no difference in ventriculostomy CSF flow between patients who underwent ETV alone and patients who underwent ETV and EAP. Fifty percent of the restored aqueducts became occluded at a mean of 46 months after surgery (range 18–126 months). In contrast, all ETVs remained patent in the mean follow-up period of 110 months after surgery, although 1 patient required shunt placement after 66 months. Conclusions Cerebrospinal fluid flow through ventriculostomies is significantly higher than aqueductal CSF flow after EAP. This could be one factor to explain why the reclosure rate of aqueducts after EAP is higher than the reclosure rate of the ventriculostoma after ETV.

Download Full-text