The World of Expertise in Counseling and Psychotherapy

Research suggests that characteristics and attitudes of the therapist may be a significant contributor to psychotherapy outcome. Researchers using both quantitative and qualitative methods have explored the characteristics of expert practitioners. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on therapist variables and master therapists, describes the validity of the peer nomination process for selecting master therapists, and explains how qualitative meta-analysis is utilized to integrate findings from various countries. Finally, the importance of obtaining an international perspective on master therapists is emphasized. Qualitative studies on the practices of expert therapists in different countries offer rich descriptive narratives for how optimal therapy works in different country and cultural contexts. More qualitative studies are needed to understand old and new constructs from different cultural perspectives.

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Study protocol of a systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis using two different approaches: Healthcare related needs and desires of older people with post-stroke aphasia

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. e039348

Author(s):

Nadine Janis Pohontsch ◽

Thorsten Meyer ◽

Yvonne Eisenmann ◽

Maria-Inti Metzendorf ◽

Verena Leve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older People ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Research Question ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Qualitative Evidence Synthesis ◽

Healthcare Needs ◽

Qualitative Evidence

IntroductionStroke is a frequent disease in the older population of Western Europe with aphasia as a common consequence. Aphasia is known to impede targeting treatment to individual patients’ needs and therefore may reduce treatment success. In Germany, the postacute care of patients who had stroke is provided by different healthcare institutions of different sectors (rehabilitation, nursing and primary care) with substantial difficulties to coordinate services. We will conduct two qualitative evidence syntheses (QESs) aiming at exploring distinct healthcare needs and desires of older people living with poststroke aphasia. We thereby hope to support the development of integrated care models based on needs of patients who are very restricted to communicate them. Since various methods of QESs exist, the aim of the study embedding the two QESs was to determine if findings differ according to the approach used.Methods and analysisWe will conduct two QESs by using metaethnography (ME) and thematic synthesis (ThS) independently to synthesise the findings of primary qualitative studies. The main differences between these two methods are the underlying epistemologies (idealism (ME) vs realism (ThS)) and the type of research question (emerging (ME) vs fixed (ThS)).We will search seven bibliographical databases. Inclusion criteria comprise: patients with poststroke aphasia, aged 65 years and older, studies in German/English, all types of qualitative studies concerning needs and desires related to healthcare or the healthcare system. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines and includes three items from the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the synthesis of Qualitative Research checklist.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented on national conferences.

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The Cultural Context of Reception:

Nordic Journal of Dance ◽

10.2478/njd-2012-0010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 38-55

Author(s):

Riikka Korppi-Tommola

Keyword(s):

Cultural Context ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

High Expectations ◽

Cultural Contexts ◽

Avant Garde ◽

Cultural Perspectives ◽

The Past ◽

Dance Company ◽

Merce Cunningham ◽

Encounter Time

Abstract The reception of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company and John Cage’s visit to Helsinki in 1964 revealed local, Finnish aesthetic priorities. In the dance critics’ texts, Cunningham’s style seemed to create confusion, for example, with its mixture of styles visà-vis avant-garde music. Music critics, mainly avant-garde and jazz musicians, had high expectations for this theatrical event. In their reviews, comparisons were made between Cunningham’s style and the productions of Anna Halprin. In this paper, I analyse the cultural perspectives of this encounter and utilize the theoretical framework of Thomas Postlewait’s pattern of cultural contexts. Additionally, I follow David M. Levin’s argumentation about changes in aesthetics. Local and foreign conventions become emphasized in this kind of a transnational, intercultural encounter. Time and place are involved in the interpretations of the past as well as later in the processes of forming periods.

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Self-criticism and psychotherapy outcome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Psychology Review ◽

10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101808 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 101808 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Christina Alexandra Löw ◽

Henning Schauenburg ◽

Ulrike Dinger

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Psychotherapy Outcome

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Postsurgical rehabilitation for adults with low back pain with or without radiculopathy who were treated surgically: protocol for a mixed studies systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. e036817 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carol Cancelliere ◽

Jessica J. Wong ◽

Hainan Yu ◽

Margareta Nordin ◽

Silvano Mior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Sports Medicine ◽

Evidence Synthesis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Low Back ◽

Sequential Approach

IntroductionSurgical rates for low back pain (LBP) have been increasing in Europe, North America and Asia. Many patients treated surgically will require postsurgical rehabilitation. Little is known about the effectiveness of postsurgical rehabilitation interventions on health outcomes or about patients’ experiences with these interventions.ObjectivesTo conduct a mixed studies systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies regarding: (1) the effectiveness and safety of postsurgical rehabilitation interventions for adults with LBP treated surgically and (2) the experiences of patients, healthcare providers, caregivers or others involved with the rehabilitation.Methods and analysisWe will search MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Index to Chiropractic Literature, the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials and the Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source for peer-reviewed empirical studies published from inception in any language. Studies using quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies will be included. We will also search reference lists of all eligible articles. Data extraction will include type of presurgical pathology, indication for surgery, surgical procedure, how the intervention was delivered and by whom, context and setting. We will conduct a quality assessment of each study and consider study quality in our evidence synthesis. We will use a sequential approach at the review level to synthesise and integrate data. First, we will synthesise the quantitative and qualitative studies independently, conducting a meta-analysis of the quantitative studies if appropriate and thematic synthesis of the qualitative studies. Then, we will integrate the quantitative and qualitative evidence by juxtaposing the findings in a matrix.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this knowledge synthesis. Findings will be disseminated through knowledge translation activities including: (1) presentations at national and international conferences and scientific meetings; (2) presentations to local and international stakeholders; (3) publications in peer-reviewed journals and (4) posts on organisational websites.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019134607.

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Antipsychotic treatment – a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of qualitative studies

Journal of Mental Health ◽

10.1080/09638237.2019.1581352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 513-523 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jone Bjornestad ◽

Kristina O. Lavik ◽

Larry Davidson ◽

Aslak Hjeltnes ◽

Christian Moltu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment

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Culture, strategy formulation, and firm performance: a meta-analysis

Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración ◽

10.1108/arla-01-2018-0013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 147-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silvio Borrero ◽

Alejandro Acosta ◽

Aida F. Medina

Keyword(s):

Firm Performance ◽

Latin American ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Future Orientation ◽

Strategy Formulation ◽

Partial Explanation ◽

Analytical Strategy ◽

Content Type ◽

Cultural Contexts

PurposeThis article explores how strategy formulation affects firm performance to determine whether rational/analytical strategy formulation is more effective than emergent/reflexive strategy formulation. Additionally, the article assesses if such superiority holds for different cultural contexts.Design/methodology/approachMeta-analysis was performed using the Raju, Burke, Norman, and Landis (RBNL) procedure applied to a dataset of 43 empirical studies reporting 54 effect sizes on strategy–performance relationships.FindingsImplementing a formal strategy formulation process positively relates to firm performance. Rational/analytical formulation approaches are more effective than emergent/reflexive approaches in enhancing firm performance, especially for cultures with low future orientation, high uncertainty avoidance, and high power distance.Research limitations/implicationsThe reduced number of published empirical studies limited the scope and generalizability of the results across countries, industries, or firms. This limitation might be especially true for Latin American firms given the absence of relevant studies in this region. Another potential limitation is related to the distinction between strategy formulation and strategy implementation. Given the empirical nature of the studies meta-analyzed, strategic tools are used as a proxy to determine the formulation approach.Practical implicationsFirms that operate in short-term oriented, uncertainty-avoiding, and elitist cultures should favor implementing rational/analytical strategy formulation techniques rather than emergent/reflexive approaches. Although prescriptive recommendations are limited by the lack of studies in Latin America, firms in this region would seem to be better off using rational/analytical strategy formulation approaches.Originality/valueThese findings provide a partial explanation for the varying results yielded by strategy formulation and suggest cultural contexts in which rational/analytical strategy formulation should be more effective than emergent/reflexive approaches.

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‘They do not care how much you know until they know how much you care’: a qualitative meta-synthesis of patient experience in the emergency department

Emergency Medicine Journal ◽

10.1136/emermed-2018-208156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 355-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Blair Graham ◽

Ruth Endacott ◽

Jason E Smith ◽

Jos M Latour

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Patient Experience ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Care Providers ◽

Qualitative Approaches

BackgroundPatient experience is positively associated with both clinical effectiveness and patient safety and should be a priority for emergency care providers. While both quantitative and qualitative approaches can be used to evaluate patient experience in the emergency department (ED), the latter is well aligned to develop a detailed understanding of features influencing the lived experience of ED patients. This study aimed to systematically review the literature of qualitative studies to identify determinants of adult patient experience in the ED.MethodsA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis compliant systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, BNI and bibliography searches to identify qualitative studies exploring patient experiences in ED published in English between 1997 and 2018. Quality assessment was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Descriptive text and quotations relating to patient experience were extracted from included studies and a meta-synthesis conducted using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 625 records were screened from which 40 studies underwent full review and 22 were included. Results were coded by two researchers (BG and JML). Meta-synthesis identified 198 discrete units of analysis which were clustered around five analytical themes. These were based on the perceived ‘needs’ of patients visiting the ED and were defined as communication, emotional, competent care, physical/environmental and waiting needs. Findings were translated into a conceptual model for optimising patient experience in the ED.ConclusionThis meta-synthesis provides a framework for understanding the determinants of patient experience in the ED. The resulting conceptual model and recommendations may have the potential to directly inform practice and improve the patient experience.

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Meta‐Analysis of Therapist Effects in Psychotherapy Outcome Studies

Psychotherapy Research ◽

10.1080/10503309112331335511 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 81-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 241

Author(s):

Paul Crits-Christoph ◽

Kathryn Baranackie ◽

Julie Kurcias ◽

Aaron Beck ◽

Kathleen Carroll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Outcome Studies ◽

Psychotherapy Outcome ◽

Therapist Effects

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Effects, barriers and facilitators in predischarge home assessments to improve the transition of care from the inpatient care to home in adult patients: An integrative review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28272/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Uta Kirchner-Heklau ◽

Kai Krause ◽

Susanne Saal

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hospital Readmissions ◽

Complex Interventions ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Barriers And Facilitators

Abstract Background: Predischarge home assessments (PDHA) aim to support safe discharge from hospital or rehabilitation. There is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of PDHA. For adults with any diagnosis, we aimed to determine (1) the effects of PDHA on outcomes associated with the successful return to community living (e.g., Activities of Daily Living, falls) and (2) the associated barriers and facilitators in order to derive recommendations for clinical practice.Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, five additional databases and other sources. We included individual and cluster randomized (RCT/cRCT) and controlled clinical trials comparing PDHA versus usual care/other intervention, as well as qualitative/mixed methods studies dealing with PDHA. Critical appraisal was performed according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool in quantitative studies and the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) as well as the McMaster University Guidelines for Critical Review Form for qualitative studies and data extraction. Meta-analysis, thematic synthesis and integrative synthesis were performed. Results: EightRCTs (n=1149) and eleven qualitative studies (n=346) met the inclusion criteria. RCTs reported a variety of outcomes (n=17). We are uncertain if PDHA has any effect on patient outcomes in Activities of Daily Living, quality of life, mobility and fear of falling, falls and hospital readmissions (with moderate to very low quality of the evidence). The qualitative studies revealed facilitators and barriers which should be considered by therapists when conducting PDHA. These were related to the following topics: patient safety education, patient information, patients’ acceptance of modifications and aids, functional assessment, standardization of procedures as well as the consideration of relevant patient conditions and contextual factors in PDHA. Conclusion: There is no evidence from the meta-analysis for the effectiveness of PDHA. Further robust studies are needed to adapt and evaluate PDHA interventions, taking the identified stakeholders’ views on PDHA into account and following the current recommendations for the development and evaluation of complex interventions. Trial registration:The review was registered and methods were reported on PROSPERO on 18th July 2018 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO. CRD42018100636).

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Impact of dissociation on the effectiveness of psychotherapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: meta-analysis

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2020.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. M. Hoeboer ◽

R. A. De Kleine ◽

M. L. Molendijk ◽

M. Schoorl ◽

D. A. C. Oprel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Traumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Psychotherapy Outcome ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Dissociative Symptoms ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Pre Treatment

Background Many patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience dissociative symptoms. The question of whether these dissociative symptoms negatively influence the effectiveness of psychotherapy for PTSD is unresolved. Aims To determine the influence of dissociative symptoms on psychotherapy outcome in PTSD. Method We conducted a systematic search in Cochrane, Embase, PILOTS, PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science for relevant clinical trials. A random-effects meta-analysis examined the impact of dissociation on psychotherapy outcome in PTSD (pre-registered at Prospero CRD42018086575). Results Twenty-one trials (of which nine were randomised controlled trials) with 1714 patients were included. Pre-treatment dissociation was not related to treatment effectiveness in patients with PTSD (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.04, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.13). Between-study heterogeneity was high but was not explained by moderators such as trauma focus of the psychotherapy or risk of bias score. There was no indication for publication bias. Conclusions We found no evidence that dissociation moderates the effectiveness of psychotherapy for PTSD. The quality of some of the included studies was relatively low, emphasising the need for high-quality clinical trials in patients with PTSD. The results suggest that pre-treatment dissociation does not determine psychotherapy outcome in PTSD.

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