Sharing One’s Story

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Smyth ◽  
James W. Pennebaker
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Emotional Writing ◽  
Story Sharing ◽  
And Coping

This chapter discusses the use of translating emotional experiences into words as a coping tool. It outlines the basic paradigm and research findings, factors related to the efficacy of story sharing (writing versus talking, disclosure, duration, social factors, and individual differences), the clinical benefits of emotional writing, and the central questions of why writing or talking about emotional experiences influence health and coping.

The Psychology of Migrant “Illegality”: A General Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
Basia D. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Context ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Migration Studies ◽  
Immigrant Generation ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Racial Background ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Coping

Critical migration studies emerged to trace how restrictive immigration contexts contribute to conditions of migrant “illegality” and deportability. More recently, researchers have turned to examine diversity in migrants’ experiences, revealing how migrant “illegality” and deportability can take varied forms based on different social factors, including migrants’ immigration status, developmental stage, ethno-racial background, gender, and nationality. Yet, despite increasingly nuanced and contextualized accounts of migrants’ lived experiences, the psychology of migrant “illegality” remains under-theorized, as we lack general concepts and frameworks to explain how deportability shapes, and is shaped by, migrants’ psychosocial lives. This article introduces such a framework by drawing upon findings from two ethnographic studies with undocumented migrants in Canada and the United States. Observing common psychosocial patterns in both groups, I propose cycles of deportability as a framework to capture how migrant “illegality” develops at the psychosocial level through repeated occurrences of status-related stressors, which produce both acute and chronic fears that further require distinct agencies and coping strategies. Next, I examine differences in migrants’ cycles of deportability based on their national context and immigrant generation. I conclude by discussing how this framework can help consolidate previous research findings and guide future psychological and critical migration studies.

Turnover among medical clowns early in their career

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Abira Reizer ◽  
Meni Koslowsky ◽  
Rivki Antilevich-Steg
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Humor Appreciation ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Turnover Behavior ◽  
Actual Turnover

In recent years, several investigations of the medical clowning profession have appeared in the literature. However, few studies have focused on factors associated with turnover among medical clowns early in their careers. The current study examined whether individual differences in humor disposition predicted turnover behavior. Participants were 111 medical clowns in a three-phase longitudinal study. Humor disposition was measured in the first week of their training, clowns' job satisfaction two months later, and turnover six months after that. Results showed that humor appreciation decreased actual turnover through the mediating role of job satisfaction, whereas individual differences in humor creation directly decreased turnover. In addition, previous traumatic experiences moderated the associations between humor appreciation and turnover. Overall, our research findings support the notion that humor disposition can help predict which clowns remain in the hospital.

Social factors and coping status in asymptomatic middle-aged Danes: Association to coronary artery calcification

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikke Elmose Mols ◽  
Niels Peter Sand ◽  
Jesper Møller Jensen ◽  
Kristian Thomsen ◽  
Axel C. P. Diederichsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Calcification ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
And Coping

scholarly journals Assessing animal individuality: links between personality and laterality in pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Goursot ◽  
Sandra Düpjan ◽  
Ellen Kanitz ◽  
Armin Tuchscherer ◽  
Birger Puppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Cerebral Processing

Abstract Animal individuality is challenging to explain because individual differences are regulated by multiple selective forces that lead to unique combinations of characteristics. For instance, the study of personality, a core aspect of individuality, may benefit from integrating other factors underlying individual differences, such as lateralized cerebral processing. Indeed, the approach-withdrawal hypothesis (the left hemisphere controls approach behavior, the right hemisphere controls withdrawal behavior), may account for differences in boldness or exploration between left and right hemispheric dominant individuals. To analyze the relationships between personality and laterality we tested 80 male piglets with established laterality patterns for 2 motor functions (tail curling direction and the side of the snout used for manipulation) and a combined classification integrating both motor functions using cluster analysis. We analyzed basal salivary testosterone and cortisol along with their behavior in standardized tests as pre-established indicators of different personality traits (Boldness, Exploration, Activity, Sociability, and Coping). We found that the direction of the single motor biases showed significant associations with few personality traits. However, the combined laterality classification showed more, and more robust, significant associations with different personality traits compared with the single motor biases. These results supported the approach-withdrawal hypothesis because right-biased pigs were bolder and more explorative in a context of novelty. Additionally, right-biased pigs were more sociable than left-biased pigs. Therefore, the present study indicates that personality is indeed related to lateralized cerebral processing and provides insight into the multifactorial nature of individuality.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Prematurity, Cumulative Medical Risk, and Proximal and Distal Social Forces on Individual Differences in Diurnal Cortisol at Young Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzy B. Winchester ◽  
Mary C. Sullivan ◽  
Mary B. Roberts ◽  
Crystal I. Bryce ◽  
Douglas A. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
New England ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Medical Risk

This study examined the effects of prematurity, cumulative medical risk, and proximal and distal social forces on individual differences in the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in young adulthood. A prospective sample of 149 infants born healthy preterm (PT; n = 22), sick PT ( n = 93, medical illness, neurological illness, small for gestational age), and full term ( n = 34) was recruited from a Level III neonatal intensive care unit in southern New England between 1985 and 1989 and followed to age 23 years. Cumulative medical risk was indexed across seven assessment waves (spanning 17 years) using medical and neurological health status at birth, toddlerhood (ages 18 and 30 months), childhood (ages 4 and 8 years), and adolescence (ages 12 and 17 years). Distal risk included socioeconomic status (SES) at birth. Proximal social factors were indexed from assessments of the home environment and measures of child vulnerability and maternal self-esteem, involvement, and control style from birth, 4 years, 8 years, and 12 years. At age 23 years, five saliva samples were collected upon awakening, 45 min after waking, 4 hr after waking, 8 hr after waking, and bedtime (later assayed for cortisol). Results reveal effects of cumulative medical risk on the diurnal pattern of HPA axis activity, with moderating effects of SES and proximal social factors. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for contemporary theories related to developmental sensitivity and susceptibility to context and the developmental origins of health and disease theory.

Predicting Immigrants’ Fear of Crime Based on Ethnicity, Acculturation, and Coping

2019 ◽  
pp. 215336871986596
Author(s):  
Keren Cohen-Louck
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Acculturation Strategies ◽  
Ethiopian Immigrants ◽  
And Coping

This research focuses on fear of crime and acculturation strategies in two immigrant groups in Israel: Ethiopians and those from the former Soviet Union (FSU). Relative contributions of various individual and social factors that predict fear of crime were examined. Five hundred and fourteen immigrants were interviewed, half from each group. All participants completed questionnaires on their fear of crime levels, perceived neighborhood disorder, social integration, coping styles, acculturation strategies, and prior criminal victimization. Both Ethiopian ( M = 4.44) and FSU ( M = 4.20) immigrants preferred integration to other acculturation strategies ( p < .05). However, for Ethiopian immigrants, their high integration scores coexist with separation from Israeli society. There were no significant differences between the two groups of immigrants as for fear of crime. Several explanations for these findings are discussed. These results challenge notions of a single acculturation strategy. Ethiopian immigrants show a pattern of “cultural ambivalence” where both integration and separation are used, while FSU immigrants demonstrate patterns of “cultural modularity,” where integration and assimilation strategies coexist.

Cognition, competence, and coping in child and adolescent depression: Research findings, developmental concerns, therapeutic implications

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Weisz ◽  
Karen D. Rudolph ◽  
Douglas A. Granger ◽  
Lynne Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Depression ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Developmental Factors ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Depressed Children

AbstractFindings of the few psychotherapy outcome studies with depressed children and adolescents raise questions about whether or not treatments are sufficiently sensitive to developmental factors. Here we review the outcome data, then survey potentially relevant research on the cognitions, competencies, and coping behavior of depressed youngsters. Much of the work in each domain is both procedurally and theoretically adevelopmental, and the psychotherapy research does not appear to be well informed by research in the other domains. To help remedy this situation, for each domain we suggest key developmental questions that need to be answered, and we discuss implications for psychotherapy. We also propose a three-way partnership involving basic developmental research linked with research on relations between depression and various cognitive and behavioral processes, with both lines of inquiry informing the development and refinement of interventions.

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