Individual and Cultural Diversity

2013 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
David R. Cox ◽  
Richard H. Cox ◽  
Bruce Caplan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Element ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Ethics Code ◽  
Diversity Issues ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Apa Ethics Code ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Chapter 3 discusses how those needing psychological rehabilitation come from diverse backgrounds, how sensitivity to diversity issues is a critical element addressed in the APA Ethics Code, as well as in the Multicultural Guidelines promulgated by the APA, and how 'disability' has come to be viewed as another type of diversity. It also covers how the RP must be aware of these differences and their impact on the treatment process. Also discussed is how the specialty as a whole has embraced the concept of multicultural competence, and how the individual-environment interaction is an essential aspect of understanding disability, encompassing cultural, racial, ethnic, and other such factors. Lastly, it suggests the importance of recognizing one’s own biases as well as those of the patient and family, the treatment team and the societal environment, all of which are essential aspects of culturally competent rehabilitation psychology services.

APA Ethics Code Commentary and Case Illustrations

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA CAMPBELL ◽  
MELBA VASQUEZ ◽  
STEPHEN BEHNKE ◽  
ROBERT KINSCHERFF
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Code ◽  
Apa Ethics Code

scholarly journals A Tale of Odds and Ratios: Political Preference Formation in Postindustrial Democracies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wineroither ◽  
Rudolf Metz
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Preference Formation ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis report surveys four approaches that are pivotal to the study of preference formation: (a) the range, validity, and theoretical foundations of explanations of political preferences at the individual and mass levels, (b) the exploration of key objects of preference formation attached to the democratic political process (i.e., voting in competitive elections), (c) the top-down vs. bottom-up character of preference formation as addressed in leader–follower studies, and (d) gene–environment interaction and the explanatory weight of genetic predisposition against the cumulative weight of social experiences.In recent years, our understanding of sites and processes of (individual) political-preference formation has substantially improved. First, this applies to a greater variety of objects that provide fresh insight into the functioning and stability of contemporary democracy. Second, we observe the reaffirmation of pivotal theories and key concepts in adapted form against widespread challenge. This applies to the role played by social stratification, group awareness, and individual-level economic considerations. Most of these findings converge in recognising economics-based explanations. Third, research into gene–environment interplay rapidly increases the number of testable hypotheses and promises to benefit a wide range of approaches already taken and advanced in the study of political-preference formation.

THE CONTROL OF CHILD-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO ACCIDENT OCCURRENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-805
Author(s):  
Byron W. Wight
Keyword(s):  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Remedial Program ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Childhood Accidents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

Two decades ago, in a pioneering study, the Canadian psychiatrist John Tillmann demonstrated that drivers with a record of repeated automobile accidents did not confine their "accident" behavior to the highway. They were—to a substantially greater extent than accident-free drivers— "in trouble" in various aspects of their lives. Their records in a variety of social and legal agencies documented widespread pathology—economic, social, psychological, physical. Tillmann's conclusion, "You drive as you live," has achieved wide currency, but it has taken almost two decades for his conceptual framework to be applied to nonvehicular accidents—and especially to childhood accidents. Where such attempts have been made—where the investigator has broadened his focus on the "mechanics" of the accident to include a view of the personal and social characteristics of the individuals involved—the findings have been striking. Waller's unpublished study of shooting accidents demonstrates, for example, that those who have such accidents are quite different from gun owners who are accident-free. The paper that follows demonstrates some significant differences between mothers suspected of physically abusing their children and mothers of children whose accidents do not involve the suspicion of abuse. Perhaps because the early, largely discredited, concept of "accident proneness" was fundamentally a psychological one, there remains a tendency in many investigators to seek out psychological characteristics that distinguish child-abusing parents from those who do not abuse their children. Since the significant distinguishing psychological variables usually involve unusual sensitivity to social stresses or a general deficiency in coping ability, a remedial program may attempt either psychotherapy of the individual or a general alleviation of the social stresses. The social approach offers a practical alternative to the cost and uncertainty of the psychotherapeutic approach.

scholarly journals Sudanese Perspectives on Resettlement in Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Sociopolitical Context ◽  
Quantitative Sample ◽  
Bonding And Bridging ◽  
Bridging Capital ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Resettlement Programs ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

AbstractResettlement programs for people from a refugee background must respond to a variety of concerns as people from diverse backgrounds and often longstanding periods of upheaval and hardship enter their new resettlement communities. Host countries approach the demands of resettlement through varying programs and policies and those differences across countries can profoundly affect the newcomers' experiences. The current study employs quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the individual and contextual factors that influence the resettlement experience for adults from Sudan being resettled in Queensland, Australia. Ninety Sudanese adults were recruited through snowball sampling techniques for the quantitative study, with 10 individuals purposefully selected to complete the semistructured qualitative interview. In the quantitative sample, 25 to 30% of participants reported significant symptoms of psychological distress and frequent experiences of discrimination, and the majority of participants reported integration (identifying with both Australian and Sudanese cultures) as their method of acculturation. Participants reported feeling initially welcomed into Australia, with positive influences including bonding and bridging capital, which helped them in their adaptation, and negative influences including problems with the resettlement programs and experiences of discrimination. The findings underscore the importance of sociopolitical context on refugee experiences of the resettlement process.

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