scholarly journals Sudanese Perspectives on Resettlement in Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Sociopolitical Context ◽  
Quantitative Sample ◽  
Bonding And Bridging ◽  
Bridging Capital ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Resettlement Programs ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

AbstractResettlement programs for people from a refugee background must respond to a variety of concerns as people from diverse backgrounds and often longstanding periods of upheaval and hardship enter their new resettlement communities. Host countries approach the demands of resettlement through varying programs and policies and those differences across countries can profoundly affect the newcomers' experiences. The current study employs quantitative and qualitative methods to examine the individual and contextual factors that influence the resettlement experience for adults from Sudan being resettled in Queensland, Australia. Ninety Sudanese adults were recruited through snowball sampling techniques for the quantitative study, with 10 individuals purposefully selected to complete the semistructured qualitative interview. In the quantitative sample, 25 to 30% of participants reported significant symptoms of psychological distress and frequent experiences of discrimination, and the majority of participants reported integration (identifying with both Australian and Sudanese cultures) as their method of acculturation. Participants reported feeling initially welcomed into Australia, with positive influences including bonding and bridging capital, which helped them in their adaptation, and negative influences including problems with the resettlement programs and experiences of discrimination. The findings underscore the importance of sociopolitical context on refugee experiences of the resettlement process.

scholarly journals Experiences of healthcare workers displaced by conflict: lessons from past conflicts and implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
U Moqeem ◽  
O Mukhtar ◽  
A Abbara ◽  
S Jabbour ◽  
M Abouzeid
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
English Language ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Systemic Support

Abstract Background Conflicts cause mass displacement, including of healthcare workers (HCWs). Understanding experiences of HCWs over the displacement trajectory, from push factors out of conflict zones, to barriers and facilitators in transit and host countries, is key to developing support mechanisms and informing policy discussions regarding return and reintegration. Methodology We systematically reviewed 6 academic databases and grey literature using combined search terms for HCWs, displacement, conflict, and experiences to identify English-language literature documenting personal or professional experiences of HCWs displaced by conflict, published between 1945 to 2020. Open coding and thematic analysis were used to identify emerging themes. Quality appraisal was conducted. Results 25 publications from academic journals, snowballed references, and grey literature from 10 geographical contexts and various types of HCW met inclusion criteria, many from conflicts in the Middle-East. 5 themes emerged: Conflict drives displacement: HCWs fled due to direct violence and deteriorating working conditions caused by increased workload, depleting resources, workforce attrition and attacks on healthcare. Giving back: Refugee HCWs were determined to continue working but had to do so informally or by working with humanitarian agencies. Personal and professional integration in host countries: refugee HCWs overcame barriers to relicense after which they reported disadvantage in job applications due to professional gaps and discrimination; many ended up working under-qualified jobs. Psychological toll on HCWs was pronounced. Prospects on return: HCWs desired to return to their home countries but feared political instability and violence. Conclusions Policies which support HCW retention during conflict, integration into host health systems, and encourage return post-conflict must be implemented. Further research is required to understand the individual and systemic support mechanisms required. Key messages Displaced HCWs experience many personal and professional challenges. Policies that support HCWs across the displacement trajectory and support return and post-conflict system rebuilding are required.

Digitalization and rural entrepreneurial attitude in Indonesia: a capability approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikri Zul Fahmi ◽  
Medina Savira
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Capability Approach

Purpose This paper aims to identify how digitalization affects entrepreneurial attitudes in rural areas in Indonesia, a country in the Global South. The development of digital technology can help entrepreneurs, in that faster and easier information acquisition helps rural communities to identify new opportunities and innovate. Yet, digital development generates higher disparity, and thus, not all people can benefit from digitalization. Although digital technology can facilitate the development of entrepreneurship, its benefits depend on individual preferences. In this regard, the capability approach is used so as to reflect how different valuations of digital technology in rural entrepreneurs influence their attitude with regard to recognizing business opportunities and taking risks. Design/methodology/approach A double case study approach is used in which this study examines two cases of rural entrepreneurs in Indonesia that represent different uses of digital technologies and socio-economic rural contexts: coffee entrepreneurs in Kintamani and craft producers in Kamasan village. In so doing, semi-structured interviews were conducted with local entrepreneurs and communities according to purposive and snowball sampling techniques. The qualitative data were then analysed using a constant comparative technique which allows us to develop a conceptual argument by observing patterns within and between the cases. Findings The findings show that digitalization shapes the attitude of rural entrepreneurs differently, although the same opportunity from using digital technology is present in the village. Social and environmental factors facilitate the rural entrepreneurs to consider using digital technology to develop their businesses. However, as each individual entrepreneur has a different valuation of digital technology, the benefits it offers – such as broader market opportunities and new business ideas – vary. Entrepreneurs who consider digital technology to be a valuable resource for developing their businesses are more curious to explore its benefits. Originality/value The capability approach provides a new perspective in understanding rural entrepreneurship. First, the authors demonstrate that the success of rural entrepreneurship is influenced not only by concrete things (e.g. resources) but also the individual perspective on these resources which may vary across entrepreneurs. Second, the authors show not only the potential differences in socio-cultural contexts in which the capability approach is applied but also how socio-cultural values and collectivism influence the individual valuation of resources that could benefit entrepreneurs.

Knowledge Exchange and Social Capital for Freshwater Ecosystem Assessments

BioScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Kuehne ◽  
Angela L Strecker ◽  
Julian D Olden
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Freshwater Conservation ◽  
The Core ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bonding And Bridging ◽  
Bridging Capital ◽  
Freshwater Assessment

Abstract The 1972 Clean Water Act (CWA) provided crucial environmental protections, spurring research and corresponding development of a network of expertise that represents critical human capital in freshwater conservation. We used social network analysis to evaluate collaboration across organizational types and ecosystem focus by examining connections between authors of freshwater assessments published since the CWA. We found that the freshwater assessment network is highly fragmented, with no trend toward centralization. Persistent cohesion around organizational subgroups and minimal bridging ties suggest the network is better positioned for diversification and innovation than for learning and building a strong history of linked expertise. Despite an abundance of research activity from university-affiliated authors, federal agency authors provide a majority of the bonding and bridging capital, and diverse agencies constitute the core network. Together, our results suggest that government agencies currently play a central role in sustaining the network of expertise in freshwater assessment, protection, and conservation.

scholarly journals The bridge between social identity and community capital on the path to recovery and desistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Best ◽  
Amy Musgrove ◽  
Lauren Hall
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Community Capital ◽  
Bonding And Bridging ◽  
Bridging Capital ◽  
Desistance From Crime ◽  
Visualisation Technique

It has long been recognised that changes in social networks (and the underpinning changes in personal and social identity) are strong predictors of both desistance from crime and recovery from substance use. Building on existing work attempting to measure and shift social networks and transitions to prosocial groups, the current study provides pilot data from prisoners and family members about a visualisation technique widely used in specialist addiction treatment (node-link mapping) to map opportunities for linkage to prosocial groups and networks. The data presented in the paper are from a small-scale feasibility pilot. This suggests both bonding and bridging capital in prisoner populations due for release and the diversity of community capital opportunities that exists in this population. The implications of this work are significant for substance users and offenders pending return to the community, and has implications around resettlement and reintegration support for probation staff in prisons and in the community. The paper emphasises the importance of mapping connectedness as a key component of planning for reintegration back into the community for those working with offenders who are aspiring to achieve desistance and recovery.

scholarly journals Factors Associated With Successful Research Departments

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winston Liaw ◽  
Aimee Eden ◽  
Megan Coffman ◽  
Meera Nagaraj ◽  
Andrew Bazemore
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Medicine Research ◽  
School Based ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Faculty Selection

Background and Objectives: Inadequate resources have led to family medicine research divisions at varying stages of development. The purpose of this analysis was to identify the factors that family medicine research “bright spot” departments perceive to be crucial to their success. Methods: In this qualitative analysis, we identified bright spot dimensions and used a snowball sampling approach to identify medical school-based departments considered to be research bright spots. With 16 leaders from eight departments, we conducted semistructured interviews, covering historical events, leadership, partnerships, mentors, faculty selection, and training. We recorded and transcribed interviews and used a template-driven approach to data analysis, iteratively defining and modifying codes. At least two reviewers independently coded each interview, and coding discrepancies were discussed until consensus was reached. Results: We identified the following themes: (1) Leadership was committed to research; (2) Research was built around teams of researchers; (3) Interdisciplinary teams facilitated by partnerships allowed the department to tackle complex problems; (4) The convergence of researchers and clinicians ensured that the research was relevant to family medicine; (5) Departments had cultures that engendered trust, leading to effective collaboration; (6) These teams were composed of intrinsically motivated individuals supported by mentorship and resources; (7) When deciding which questions to pursue, departments balanced the question’s alignment with the individual researcher’s passion, relevance to family medicine, and fundability. Conclusions: A commitment to research from an engaged chair, partnerships, integrating front-line clinicians, and supporting intrinsically motivated individuals were important for bright spots. Applying these concepts may be an important strategy for generating knowledge.

scholarly journals Impact of Addiction on Family: An Exploratory Study with Reference to Slums in Kolkata

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Pearl Arlappa ◽  
Shrawani Jha ◽  
Jayaseeli S.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Dysfunctional Family ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Work Interventions

Addiction is a cancerous evil that is spreading its poisonous fang all over the world, effecting states, communities and individuals. In India the drugs that are commonly abused are heroin, cannabis, opium, pharmaceutical preparations, alcohol and tobacco. It has been seen that addiction to or a combination of substances not only effects the health of the individual and the economy of country but also has a detrimental impact on the family, giving rise to socio-economic problems which further result in chronic mental health issues. The paper highlights three major areas, i.e., socio-economic background of the respondents, the various social impact of addiction in a family and the possible intervention strategies to address the phenomenon of addiction. This paper is an outcome of case studies conducted in ten households with drug-dependent members and Focused Group Discussions with the youth and women of the concerned families living in the Tangra slum of Kolkata. The cases were acquired through snowball sampling method with the help of a Non-Governmental Organisation working in that area. The result of the research is that there are multiple stressors-like abuse, conflict, financial problems, etc., in a family which trigger addiction and this addiction in return results in dysfunctional family structure, affecting their mental health and community life, thus, creating a scope for Social Work intervention. The research describes the several multi-facetted consequences of addiction that not only affect the individual but also their family. Consideration of such factors will help in planning future social work interventions.

scholarly journals Adults Impact on the Reliability and Suggestibility of Children’s Eyewitness Testimony

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Eda ERMAĞAN ÇAĞLAR ◽  
Neşe KOCABAŞOĞLU
Keyword(s):  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Animated Film ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Keywords Child ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Event Based ◽  
And Control ◽  
Child Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of authority on the susceptibility of child witnesses and the reliability of their testimonies. This study, consisting of experimental and control groups, included 20 girls and 20 boys, totalling 40 children. It took place in two phases; an initial phase (“eyewitness”, “post-event interview”) and, one week later, a final phase (“recall”). In the individual interviews held with the children, a questionnaire consisting of a free narrative question and 18 open-ended questions was used. The free narrative question asked the children to specify the details they remembered about the animated film. The open-ended questions focused on the events and characters in the film. However, 12 of the open-ended questions could be answered correctly since they were about characters and situations in the film that the children had watched, while six of the questions were trick questions that were about characters and situations that were not shown in the film. For data analysis, both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to reach the deeper level of perception and memories that children shared about the film. In conclusion, after analysis, it was found that even when the interview takes place immediately after the event, children are significantly affected by the misinformation given by an adult and their knowledge on the event in question is shaped according to this misinformation. It was observed that children create "a new event" based on the information they receive from an adult. Keywords: Child, Eyewitness testimony, Reliability, Suggestibility, Suggestive interview, Memory

scholarly journals Freedom of expression and protection of personal data on the Internet: The perspective of Internet users in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (47) ◽  
pp. 5-34
Author(s):  
Marta Mitrović
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The paper examines the views of Internet users concerning the protection of their rights on the Internet. The Web survey, conducted by the snowball sampling, included 783 Internet users who expressed their views regarding the ways the state (Serbia) and private agents (Facebook and Google) relate to the right of freedom of expression and privacy on the Internet. Also, the survey was used to examine the individual responsibility of users when it comes to the use of Internet services. Several hypotheses suggested that Internet users in Serbia do not have confidence in the country and private actors on the issue of protecting their rights. However, users also do not demonstrate a satisfactory level of individual responsibility. The most important findings indicate that: 1) only one-sixth of the respondents consider that the Government of the Republic of Serbia does not violate the privacy of Internet users; 2) almost half of the respondents do not feel free to express their views criticizing the government; 3) almost 90% of users are not satisfied how Facebook protects their privacy, while it is 1% lower in the case of Google; 4) a third of respondents answered positively to the question whether they had read terms of use of the analyzed companies, but half of them did not give a correct answer to the main questions; 5) only 8.9% of respondents who claimed to have read terms of use are aware of the fact that Facebook shares their data with third parties.

scholarly journals THE JEWISH SALAD BOWL WITHIN THE AMERICAN MELTING POT: A LITERARY CONTEMPLATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Elonora Hodaj
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Individual

Human history has always been characterized by repeated cycles of crisis and transitional periods bringing about transformation in various aspects of people’s coexistence and interaction with each other be it on the individual, ethnic, national, or even the international level. Currently, we have become eyewitnesses of what can be called the modern times crusades and exodus. The present free movement of people imposed by the globalization trend in contemporary society and particularly the new wave of migration with its relevant migrant crisis set in motion by numerous armed conflicts in the Middle East, will undoubtedly establish new relations among them, among ethnicities, among groups of different religious affiliation and even between migrants and host countries. In the course of these historical transitional periods, the concerned entities have always tried to define and explain such human relations and interactions that can vary from assimilation to multiculturalism. The two prevailing metaphors used to give a definition to the new forms of language, customs and cultural coexistence are those related to the notions of melting pot and salad bowl, which will be contemplated over with literary reference to Grace Paley’s “The Loudest Voice” and Cynthia Ozick’s “Envy; or Yiddish in America”. In both these writings, the need to transcend alienation, as well as the preoccupation to express belongingness in some naturalistic American premises, will hint at a relevant, analogous strive for identification to that of the migrants roaming the streets of Western Europe in search of a peaceful place to dwell and cohabitate with the host country and the implied culture.

scholarly journals The Integral Approach to Safety

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Dzulqarnain Bin Abu Bakar ◽  
Norazura Binti Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Integral Approach ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Leadership And Management ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
Transformational Leadership Style ◽  
The Individual

There is a need to balance the reliance on a traditional OSHMS being implicitly adhered to against the human contribution factor. The aim of this qualitative study paper is to describe and discuss the existing leadership styles and approaches that are being practiced and past initiatives that have produced results in OSH performance. The snowball sampling review method of literature published between years 1997 through 2016 was applied to produce the observations and discussion. Despite the progress that is being realized, there needs to be a different approach if a sustainable performance breakthrough in OSH performance is to be achieved. The integral approach leans towards transformational leadership style and attempts to acknowledge that the subjective and objective, personal and collective factors are all equally important towards establishing wholesome and robust OSHMS. Traditional reliance on discipline and rule-based compliance needs to be tempered with an interdependent realization and awareness from the individual carrying out a task that they are ultimately responsible for their safety. Leadership and management will then need to take on the role and challenge of providing support and resources to enable the development of this self-accountable culture.

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