The Effect of Wet Conditions and Surface Combat Swimming on Shooting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis D Kostoulas ◽  
Stylianos N Kounalakis ◽  
Argyris G Toubekis ◽  
Anastasios Karagiannis ◽  
Antonios Kaniadakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Load Carriage ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Field Of Vision

ABSTRACT Introduction Shooting ability is an important aspect of performance in some sports and is vital during a military operation. Load carriage, clothing, and equipment normally associated with fatigue and reduced field of vision or lack of stability at a specific point are important factors that affect the ability to aim when shooting. Additionally, gun support and equipment appear to differentially affect shooting ability with varying shooting positions. All of the studies examining these factors have taken place on dry land and not in water. However, up to date, no study has examined the effect of wet conditions, especially after surface combat swimming (sCS), on shooting ability in different shooting positions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fatigue, produced by prolonged sCS, on a fighter’s shooting ability. In addition, we investigated whether the effect of fatigue and wet conditions differed between the shooting positions. Materials and Methods Forty-five participants performed 10 shots in a shooting simulator while standing (ST) and 10 shots while kneeling (KN). This was performed twice and in three conditions: dry, wet, and after 1,000 m of sCS. Results Wet conditions did not significantly affect shooting abilities. Surface combat swimming negatively affected shooting ability when both ST and KN. The reduction in the center of gravity (COG) of the shots after sCS was 3.7 ± 2.5% for ST and 3.5 ± 0.8% for KN (P < .01). This was accompanied by the increase in horizontal and vertical movement of the gun after the sCS (P < .01). Kneeling was more stable, as shown by a higher percentage of COG of the shots by 3.3 ± 0.1% (P < .01) and by fewer gun movements in both axes (P < .01). Conclusions In conclusion, combat swimming affects shooting ability, both in ST and in KN positions. The KN position provides better stability and improved shooting ability.

An analysis of locomotor body movements in pronghorn antelope

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1871-1880
Author(s):  
Robert E. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ground Contact ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Pronghorn Antelope

Slow-motion film sequences of pronghorn antelope were analyzed to determine movements of the body and various body members during the most frequently employed gaits: walk, trot, canter (lope), and gallop. As speed and gait progress from a walk to a gallop, the angles at which the legs strike and leave the ground become more acute, the body is lower to the ground, and each leg moves through a greater arc during ground contact. Inasmuch as the body levels out somewhat, it is suggested that less energy may be required in raising the center of gravity. This may make more energy available for moving the legs. As speed increases, the feet are lifted progressively higher, the legs travel further, and the feet attain greater backward acceleration before striking the ground. In the gallop, the forelegs are kept fully extended until contacting the ground and the degree of spinal flexure is increased, thus extending stride length to its maximum. Vertical movement of the head increases in the faster gaits and appears to play a larger role in shifting the center of gravity, increasing speed, and maintaining equilibrium.

Classification of Acceleration Waveforms during Walking by Wavelet Transform

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sekine ◽  
M. Ogawa ◽  
T. Togawa ◽  
Y. Fukui ◽  
T. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Acceleration Signal ◽  
Continuous Dynamic

Abstract:In this study we have attempted to classify the acceleration signal, while walking both at horizontal level, and upstairs and downstairs, using wavelet analysis. The acceleration signal close to the body’s center of gravity was measured while the subjects walked in a corridor and up and down a stairway. The data for four steps were analyzed and the Daubecies 3 wavelet transform was applied to the sequential data. The variables to be discriminated were the waveforms related to levels -4 and -5. The sum of the square values at each step was compared at levels -4 and -5. Downstairs walking could be discriminated from other types of walking, showing the largest value for level -5. Walking at horizontal level was compared with upstairs walking for level -4. It was possible to discriminate the continuous dynamic responses to walking by the wavelet transform.

“I Wish to Add that I was not Aware and Carried out the Task as a Soldier of the Home Army”. On the Murder of Jews Hiding near Racławice by a Company of the Miechów Home Army

2010 ◽  
pp. 337-362
Author(s):  
Jan Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Military Operation ◽  
A Company

In late November 1943, in Rędziny-Borek near Miechów, a group of armed men, barged into the house of a local peasant, and from a hidden chamber dragged out six Jews hiding there.  Then, having searched them thoroughly, and having taken away their valuables and cash, the victims were lined up against the wall and – one by one—shot in the back of the head.  The crime, however, was not perpetrated by bandits of some unidentified “forest people”, but a carefully planned ( and authorized by the District command) military operation of the Miechów Home Army structures

15–16 year old female basketball, volleyball and soccer players’ vertical movement characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (90) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
Darius Radžiukynas ◽  
Nelė Žilinskienė ◽  
Eglė Kemerytė - Riaubienė ◽  
Raminta Sakalauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Movement Characteristics

Prague, the Victorious May of 1945

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-91
Author(s):  
S. V. Kudryashov
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
German Army ◽  
Local Municipality ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Group Center

The article deals with complex and controversial issues related to the uprising and liberation of Prague in May 1945. Interpretation of the events became acute and caused lively discussions in connection with the demolition of the monument to Marshal I. V. Konev on April 3, 2020 by the order of the local municipality. The Czech Republic is also discussing the idea of «perpetuating the role of other liberators» of the capital – soldiers of the ROA division, which for two days (May 6-7) provided assistance to the rebels. Using new documents from the Central archive of the Ministry of defense of the Russian Federation, the author draws a conclusion about the limited influence of the Vlasov units. They, indeed, brought confusion to the German ranks, but early in the morning of May 8, they themselves left Prague on a rapid march. After that, fighting and negotiations between the rebels and the German command continued. The article emphasizes that the main goal of the Soviet military operation from 6 to 11 May 1945 was the defeat of the German Army Group Center. The liberation of Prague was only part of a powerful offensive by three Soviet fronts. Heavy battles for Prague did not happen, but the entry of Soviet tanks into the Czech capital and the subsequent jubilation of local residents became a symbol of the end of the war in Europe. The author concludes that the demolition of monuments to Soviet soldiers and commanders is a manifestation of internal political struggle in the countries where it occurs, and the Czech Republic is only one of these examples.

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