An analysis of locomotor body movements in pronghorn antelope
Slow-motion film sequences of pronghorn antelope were analyzed to determine movements of the body and various body members during the most frequently employed gaits: walk, trot, canter (lope), and gallop. As speed and gait progress from a walk to a gallop, the angles at which the legs strike and leave the ground become more acute, the body is lower to the ground, and each leg moves through a greater arc during ground contact. Inasmuch as the body levels out somewhat, it is suggested that less energy may be required in raising the center of gravity. This may make more energy available for moving the legs. As speed increases, the feet are lifted progressively higher, the legs travel further, and the feet attain greater backward acceleration before striking the ground. In the gallop, the forelegs are kept fully extended until contacting the ground and the degree of spinal flexure is increased, thus extending stride length to its maximum. Vertical movement of the head increases in the faster gaits and appears to play a larger role in shifting the center of gravity, increasing speed, and maintaining equilibrium.