Evaluation of the Commercial, Off-the-Shelf (COTS) King-Devick Eye Tracking System

Abstract Concussion biomarkers are important guides for diagnosis and return-to-duty decisions. Recent literature describes the King-Devick (KD) test as a sensitive sports-related concussion screener. This test involves timing an individual reading aloud 120 digits printed on three test cards. The test is commonly considered to evaluate the effects of concussion and other factors on reading-related eye movements (EMs). However, the extent to which the KD test reflects EMs remains a matter of conjecture since the test reports only reading speed and number of errors. An off-the-shelf, computerized KD with eye tracking system recently became commercially available. Two early model KD with eye tracking systems were purchased in 2015 and evaluated before deploying them for research. The evaluation consisted of two studies; one with 20 volunteers assessing the comparability of the two systems and the other with 5 volunteers to quantify the systems’ stability and repeatability over 5 successive days. The results showed that several of the systems’ reported EM response parameters lacked face validity; consequently, the systems could not be used for scientific research. This conclusion emphasizes the importance of systematic test and evaluation of new equipment before it is used for research.

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Neural evidence for lexical parafoveal processing

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-25571-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yali Pan ◽

Steven Frisson ◽

Ole Jensen

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Target Word ◽

Reading Speed ◽

Parafoveal Processing ◽

Lexical Frequency ◽

Reading Task ◽

Fluent Reading ◽

Competing Models ◽

Individual Reading

AbstractIn spite of the reduced visual acuity, parafoveal information plays an important role in natural reading. However, competing models on reading disagree on whether words are previewed parafoveally at the lexical level. We find neural evidence for lexical parafoveal processing by combining a rapid invisible frequency tagging (RIFT) approach with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and eye-tracking. In a silent reading task, target words are tagged (flickered) subliminally at 60 Hz. The tagging responses measured when fixating on the pre-target word reflect parafoveal processing of the target word. We observe stronger tagging responses during pre-target fixations when followed by low compared with high lexical frequency targets. Moreover, this lexical parafoveal processing is associated with individual reading speed. Our findings suggest that reading unfolds in the fovea and parafovea simultaneously to support fluent reading.

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Lexical parafoveal previewing predicts reading speed

10.21203/rs.3.rs-209477/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yali Pan ◽

Steven Frisson ◽

Ole Jensen

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Target Word ◽

Reading Speed ◽

Critical Role ◽

Reading Task ◽

Fluent Reading ◽

Neuronal Mechanisms ◽

Competing Models ◽

Individual Reading

Abstract While reading is an essential human skill, the neuronal mechanisms supporting proficient reading are not well understood. In spite of the reduced visual acuity, parafoveal information plays a critical role in natural reading. However, it is debated whether words are previewed parafoveally at the lexical level. This is a key dispute for competing models on reading. We found neural evidence for lexical parafoveal previewing by combining a novel rapid invisible frequency tagging (RIFT) approach with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and eye-tracking. In a silent reading task, target words were tagged (flickered) subliminally at 60 Hz. The tagging responses measured when fixating on the pre-target word reflected parafoveal previewing of the target word. We observed stronger tagging responses during pre-target fixations when followed by low compared to high lexical frequency targets. Moreover, this lexical previewing predicted individual reading speed. Our findings demonstrate that reading unfolds in the fovea and parafovea simultaneously to support fluent reading.

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An eye tracking system for analysis of pilots' scan paths.

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e426332004-001 ◽

1997 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Paul A. Wetzel ◽

Gretchen Krueger-Anderson ◽

Christine Poprik ◽

Peter Bascom

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Tracking System ◽

Scan Paths

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Measuring Information Perception in Learning Analytics Dashboard: Use of Eye-Tracking System

Korean Association for Educational Information and Media ◽

10.15833/kafeiam.21.3.441 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 441-469

Author(s):

Jo Il-Hyun ◽

Ha Kunhee ◽

Park Yeonjeong

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Learning Analytics ◽

Tracking System

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The Research on Eye Tracking for Gaze Tracking System

ACTA AUTOMATICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1004.2010.01051 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (8) ◽

pp. 1051-1061 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chuang ZHANG ◽

Jian-Nan CHI ◽

Zhao-Hui ZHANG ◽

Zhi-Liang WANG

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Tracking System ◽

Gaze Tracking

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Portable Eye-Tracking System Used During F-16 Simulator Training Missions at Luke AFB: Adjustment and Calibration Procedures

10.21236/ada368304 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

Pual A. Wetzel ◽

Gretchen Anderson

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Tracking System ◽

Simulator Training

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A software-based eye tracking system for the study of air-traffic displays

Proceedings of the symposium on Eye tracking research & applications - ETRA '02 ◽

10.1145/507072.507087 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jeffrey B. Mulligan

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Tracking System ◽

Air Traffic

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Tracking eye-gaze in smart home systems (SHS): first insights from eye-tracking and self-report measures

Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing ◽

10.1007/s12652-021-03134-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Federico Cassioli ◽

Laura Angioletti ◽

Michela Balconi

Keyword(s):

Eye Tracking ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Smart Home ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Tracking System ◽

Eye Gaze ◽

Self Report ◽

Visual Exploration ◽

Living Room ◽

Psychological Traits

AbstractHuman–computer interaction (HCI) is particularly interesting because full-immersive technology may be approached differently by users, depending on the complexity of the interaction, users’ personality traits, and their motivational systems inclination. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between psychological factors and attention towards specific tech-interactions in a smart home system (SHS). The relation between personal psychological traits and eye-tracking metrics is investigated through self-report measures [locus of control (LoC), user experience (UX), behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS)] and a wearable and wireless near-infrared illumination based eye-tracking system applied to an Italian sample (n = 19). Participants were asked to activate and interact with five different tech-interaction areas with different levels of complexity (entrance, kitchen, living room, bathroom, and bedroom) in a smart home system (SHS), while their eye-gaze behavior was recorded. Data showed significant differences between a simpler interaction (entrance) and a more complex one (living room), in terms of number of fixation. Moreover, slower time to first fixation in a multifaceted interaction (bathroom), compared to simpler ones (kitchen and living room) was found. Additionally, in two interaction conditions (living room and bathroom), negative correlations were found between external LoC and fixation count, and between BAS reward responsiveness scores and fixation duration. Findings led to the identification of a two-way process, where both the complexity of the tech-interaction and subjects’ personality traits are important impacting factors on the user’s visual exploration behavior. This research contributes to understand the user responsiveness adding first insights that may help to create more human-centered technology.

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