scholarly journals Restricting Retail Hours of Alcohol Sales within an Army Community

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (9-10) ◽  
pp. e400-e405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Grattan ◽  
Brittney S Mengistu ◽  
Steven H Bullock ◽  
Theresa Jackson Santo ◽  
Dawnyéa D Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Retail Sale ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Sales

Abstract Introduction Excessive alcohol consumption continues to be a significant concern to overall military readiness; each year, it results in non-deployable active duty service members and service members separated from service. In 2009, The Community Preventive Services Task Force recommended limiting the hours of alcohol sales as an evidence-based and effective intervention to reduce alcohol-related harms. In June 2014, partnerships at an Army Installation in the Midwestern United States implemented a policy to reduce excessive alcohol consumption and associated alcohol-related harms. Although community-based interventions have been shown to successfully reduce alcohol-related negative consequences, little research has explored the effects of these interventions in military communities. Materials and Methods The intervention reduced the retail sale of alcoholic beverages by eight hours daily (11:01 pm to 6:59 am) within the installation community. The U.S. Army Public Health Review Board approved this study as public health practice. The quantitative assessment from a mixed-methods evaluation implemented an interrupted time series design to assess changes in the community resulting from the intervention. Revenue and crime data were collected 11 months and 12 months prior to and after the onset of the intervention, respectively, to quantify the adherence to and effectiveness of the policy. The outcome variables measured in the evaluation were Serious Incident Reports (SIRs) and Driving Under the Influence/Driving While Intoxicated (DUI/DWI) citations. A Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test of significance was used to measure changes in crime outcomes post-policy. Results The results indicated that pre-policy rates of overall DUI/DWI citations, and DUI/DWI citations on-post were significantly higher than post-policy DUI/DWI citations (p < 0.05). The results also indicated that pre-policy rates of overall SIRS, alcohol-related SIRs, and SIRs occurring at night were not statistically higher than post-policy rates (p ≥ 0.05). The pre-policy DUI/DWI citations occurring off-post and DUI/DWI citations occurring at night did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). Policy adherence was good and total alcohol sales revenue remained stable before and after policy implementation. Conclusions This was the first known evaluation within a military community to report improvements in crime statistics following an eight hour reduction in daily retail sale hours of alcohol. The reduction in alcohol-related harms presented in this evaluation are typical for small communities implementing alcohol-related policies; however, the effect sizes reported here are larger than those reported in the current literature, suggesting that the policy positively impacted the installation community in decreasing alcohol-related harms. Evaluation data did not show statistically significant reductions in DUI/DWI citations and SIRs occurring during night hours. Further, the evaluation design disallows the ability to draw a causal relationship between the intervention and measured outcomes. Additional installations should consider implementing similar policies to determine if observed effects are replicable. Future studies should include a longitudinal design that would allow for long-lasting changes to be observed within the population, measurement of additional proximal outcomes (e.g., reported alcohol consumption), and investigating social and health outcomes both inside and outside the confines of the installation community.

scholarly journals Alcohol mortality in Russia: assessment with representative survey data

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-95
Author(s):  
Polina O. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
External Causes

According to vast empirical evidence, excessive alcohol consumption is an important factor of premature mortality in Russia. At the same time, quantifying alcohol-related deaths is not so easy, as generally the discussion of alcohol mortality only concerns the causes of death attributed solely to alcohol, which significantly narrows the range of possible negative consequences. Including data on losses from myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease and other common cardiovascular and other diseases in alcohol mortality estimates is enabled by an approach using data on the relative risks of death from various causes depending on the type of alcohol consumption. Within this study, alcohol consumption, depending on sex and age, was assessed on data from a representative national survey, taking into account information on the volume of recorded sales of alcoholic beverages. According to the obtained results, in 2018 the death rate from alcohol-related causes in Russia amounted to 196,000 people, 146,000 men and 50,000 women among them. The peak of alcohol mortality is observed among people aged over 50. The structure of alcohol mortality is dominated by diseases of the cardiovascular system and external causes, and for men the contribution of external causes is significantly higher. Excessive alcohol consumption reduces life expectancy by 5.9 and 4.7 years for men and women, and healthy life expectancy by 4.2 and 2.6 years for men and women.

Alcohol consumption among students and its relationship with nutritional intake: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Elisabet R Hillesund ◽  
Nina C Øverby ◽  
Erlend L Valen ◽  
Dagrun Engeset
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Excessive Alcohol

Abstract Objective: Excessive alcohol consumption during reproductive years may impact the integrity of developing eggs and sperm, potentially affecting the life-long health of future children. Inadequate diets could aggravate these preconception effects of alcohol. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of excessive alcohol consumption and explore whether weekly alcohol intake is associated with energy and nutrient intake and adequacy of micronutrient intake among students. Design: Cross-sectional survey using a validated and reproducibility-tested FFQ. Setting: University of Agder, Norway, in 2018. Participants: 622 students (71 % female). Results: More than 80 % reported having consumed alcoholic beverages the past 4 weeks. One-third of men and 13 % of women exceeded the upper recommended limit of 14 UK alcohol units/week. An inverse association between increasing alcohol intake and energy-adjusted micronutrient intake was evident for thiamine, phosphate, Fe, Zn and Se in men, and for vitamin A, β-carotene, vitamin E and C, thiamine, vitamin B6, folate, P, Mg, K, Fe, Zn and Cu in women. A substantial proportion had vitamin D, folate, Fe and I intakes below average requirement regardless of alcohol consumption level. The combination of prevalent alcohol use, decreasing micronutrient density of diet across alcohol consumption level and a high probability of micronutrient inadequacy indicate reason for concern in a preconception public health perspective. Conclusions: Our findings call for investigations into young adults’ knowledge, reflections and beliefs regarding diet and alcohol use to understand how these behaviours could be improved ahead of parenthood.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Policies Maintaining or Restricting Days of Alcohol Sales on Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Related Harms

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cook Middleton ◽  
Robert A. Hahn ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuzara ◽  
Randy Elder ◽  
Robert Brewer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Sales

scholarly journals Kadar Serum Glutamate Piruvat Transaminase (Alt) Pada Pengonsumsi Minuman Beralkohol Di Kecamatan Banama Pulang Pisau Kalimantan Tengah

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Fera Sartika ◽  
Yessy Prissilia
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Liver Transaminase ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Normal Alt ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The liver plays an important role in detoxifying chemicals that are not useful or harmful to the body. There are many factors that affect liver damage, such as viruses, bacteria, toxicity from drugs and chemicals and excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption over a long period of time with a certain amount can cause various diseases, one of which is liver dysfunction such as alcoholic liver disease. Disruption of the mechanism in the liver can result in swelling with an increase in liver transaminase enzymes produced, namely Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) or Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), but more specific Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) tests are carried out because these enzymes are produced in the liver, so that this enzyme can be used to assess abnormalities or disorders of liver function. The results of the examination of serum ALT levels consuming alcoholic beverages ranged from 12-86 U / I, where the normal ALT levels from 30 samples were 28 people, namely 93.33%, and ALT levels were more than normal as much as 2 people, namely 6.67%.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Policies Restricting Hours of Alcohol Sales in Preventing Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Related Harms

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hahn ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuzara ◽  
Randy Elder ◽  
Robert Brewer ◽  
Sajal Chattopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Sales

scholarly journals To the problem of excessive alcohol consumption in Russian families

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-160
Author(s):  
E. N. Novoselova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Working Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
Health Organization

The article is devoted to the analysis of alcoholism in Russian families. The author gives a brief excurse into the history of alcohol consumption, dispels the myth that the Russian people never controlled consumption of alcoholic beverages. The work, relying on the latest statistics, demonstrated that despite the emerging positive trends in this area, the level of alcohol consumption (especially strong alcohol) in Russia is still very high and significantly exceeds the conditionally safe norm indicated by the WHO experts. It negatively affects the life expectancy of the Russian population, especially among men of working age. However, if previously alcoholism was predominantly masculine, today this type of addiction is becoming gender-neutral and women drink on a par with men, which will inevitably lead to an increase in mortality from alcohol-related causes among them.Particular attention is paid to the problems of families facing the problem of alcoholism among one or several of their members. It is emphasized that children are the most vulnerable in this situation because of their dependence on adults — they are not able to change the situation and are forced to live in constant conflict, stress and ill-treatment. The author notes that the violence to which not only children, but also other family members are subjected to in alcoholic families, is far from rare and extremely dangerous.The paper addresses the issue of the influence of alcoholism of adult family members on children's health. Children of dependent parents are often born sick and lag behind in physical and mental development. This is further aggravated by upbringing in an atmosphere of alcoholism, which leads to the fact that the younger generation perceives excessive alcohol consumption as the norm, adopts the habits of parents and also become dependent. Children of drinking parents also experience many complexities of a personal and interpersonal nature and are prone to auto-aggressive behavior.In conclusion, the author addresses the problem of social orphanhood arising from alcohol abuse by parents, as well as its consequences.The empirical part of the work is based on data from the World Health Organization, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Public Opinion Foundation and the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion.The article will be of interest to specialists in the field of sociology of family and health, prevention of addictive behavior, rehabilitation of people with addictions, and students of relevant specialties.

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