Structural and Evolutionary Analyses of the Ty3/gypsy Group of LTR Retrotransposons in the Genome of Anopheles gambiae

We have used the conservation of reverse transcriptase and integrase domains among retroelements to PCR-amplify three well-known types of these mobile genetic elements. Reverse transcriptase sequences from Ty1-copia were identified in spruce in this way, as well as integrase sequences from the Ty3-gypsy group. Using these sequences as probes against a Picea glauca genomic bank, individual members from the LTR (long terminal direct repeat) groups were obtained. A partial Ty1-copia-type element named Spcl was isolated along with a Ty3-gypsy-type element named Spdl. Genomic Southern hybridizations revealed the complexity and high copy number of LTR retrotransposons in black and white spruce.Key words: copia, gypsy, Picea, PCR.

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Modular Evolution of the Integrase Domain in the Ty3/Gypsy Class of LTR Retrotransposons

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.73.6.5186-5190.1999 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 73 (6) ◽

pp. 5186-5190 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

Harmit S. Malik ◽

Thomas H. Eickbush

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Host Genome ◽

Ltr Retrotransposons ◽

Conserved Domain ◽

Modular Evolution ◽

Evolutionary Scheme ◽

Gypsy Group ◽

Direct Targeting

ABSTRACT A phylogenetic analysis of the Ty3/Gypsy group of retrotransposons identified a conserved domain (GPY/F) present in the integrases of several members of this group as well as of certain vertebrate retroviruses. The analysis suggested an evolutionary scheme for the acquisition and loss of the GPY/F domain as well as the acquisition of a chromodomain module in the integrase encoded by this group of elements that may direct targeting specificity in the host genome.

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Evolutionary study of the 412/mdg1 lineage of the Ty3/gypsy group of LTR retrotransposons in Diptera

10.1101/2020.09.24.311225 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Natasha Avila Bertocchi ◽

Fabiano Pimentel Torres ◽

Maríndia Deprá ◽

Vera Lúcia da Silva Valente

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Ribonuclease H ◽

Tsetse Flies ◽

Ltr Retrotransposon ◽

Ltr Retrotransposons ◽

Long Terminal Repeats ◽

Gypsy Group ◽

History Of ◽

Small Orfs

AbstractLTR-retrotransposons are structurally similar to retroviruses, as they possess the enzymes reverse transcriptase, Ribonuclease H, integrase, proteinase, and the gag gene and are flanked by long terminal repeats (LTRs). The 412/mdg1 lineage, belonging to the Ty3/Gypsy group, consists of the TEs 412, mdg1, stalker, pilgrim, and blood. The 412/mdg1 lineage is distinguished from the others in the gypsy group in that it has small ORFs at the beginning of the TE and is highly similar to the pol ORF among the TEs that make up the lineage. In this study, our aim was to elucidate the evolutionary history of the 412/mdg1 lineage in the 127 dipteran genomes available to date, and the characteristics of the sequences in each genome. We used the canonical TE 412 probe described in Drosophila melanogaster as the query. We found sequences homologous to the 412/mdg1 lineage restricted to the suborder Brachycera. These sequences are widely distributed in drosophilids but are also present in other groups of flies. We note the presence of the 412/mg1 lineage in tsetse flies (Glossina). Furthermore, our results showed an elaborate evolutionary history for the pol ORF in the 412/mdg1 lineage of the LTR-Retrotransposon.

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