Systematic revision of the Indo-West Pacific mangrove-associated snails of the genus Bakawan (Cephalaspidea: Haminoeidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trond R Oskars ◽  
Manuel António E Malaquias
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Discovery Method ◽  
The Western Pacific

ABSTRACT The genus Bakawan includes species of haminoeid snails associated with mangrove habitats and mud flats in the Indo-West Pacific. Here, we revise the diversity and systematics of the genus Bakawan based on our recent molecular phylogeny (Oskars & Malaquias, 2019) and detailed analysis of morphological characters. We examined a range of morphological characters (the shells, external morphology of the animal, jaw, radula, gizzard plate and male reproductive system) using light and scanning electron microscopy. We also carried out a species delimitation analysis (we used the automatic barcode gap discovery method) based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA sequence data. Four distinct species were recognized: Bakawan rotundata (A. Adams, 1850), which is the type species of the genus and ranges from the eastern Indian Ocean to the western Pacific; B. fusca (A. Adams, 1850), currently known only from the Philippines; and two species new to science, B. puti n. sp., known only from the Philippines, and B. hedleyi n. sp., restricted to tropical eastern Australia.

scholarly journals Synonymization of the male-based ant genus Phaulomyrma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with Leptanilla based upon Bayesian total-evidence phylogenetic inference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary H. Griebenow
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Evidence Framework ◽  
Nuclear Loci

Abstract.Although molecular data have proven indispensable in confidently resolving the phylogeny of many clades across the tree of life, these data may be inaccessible for certain taxa. The resolution of taxonomy in the ant subfamily Leptanillinae is made problematic by the absence of DNA sequence data for leptanilline taxa that are known only from male specimens, including the monotypic genus Phaulomyrma Wheeler & Wheeler. Focusing upon the considerable diversity of undescribed male leptanilline morphospecies, the phylogeny of 35 putative morphospecies sampled from across the Leptanillinae, plus an outgroup, is inferred from 11 nuclear loci and 41 discrete male morphological characters using a Bayesian total-evidence framework, with Phaulomyrma represented by morphological data only. Based upon the results of this analysis Phaulomyrma is synonymized with Leptanilla Emery, and male-based diagnoses for Leptanilla that are grounded in phylogeny are provided, under both broad and narrow circumscriptions of that genus. This demonstrates the potential utility of a total-evidence approach in inferring the phylogeny of rare extant taxa for which molecular data are unavailable and begins a long-overdue systematic revision of the Leptanillinae that is focused on male material.

scholarly journals New species of Sphagnum from the Philippines with remarkable morphological characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Leaf Cell ◽  
High Mountain Lake ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

Sphagnum apopenneysii B.C. Tan, Ignatov, Ignatova, & B. Mishler is described as a species new to science. It was found submerged in a high mountain lake, at 2385 m elev. on Mt. Apo on Mindanao island in the Philippines. The new species is peculiar in its poor expression of leaf cell dimorphism. Cells in the upper half of the branch leaves are all identical, linear-vermicular, and all have chloroplasts and nuclei. In the mid-leaf, a moderate differentiation in shape appears with larger cells, approaching in shape to hyalocysts, yet still containing chlorophyll. Only near the base of the branch leaves is a pattern common to most Sphagnum species observed, including inflated hyalocysts with fibrils, albeit without any pores. Collections from deeper water have long lanceolate leaves, while plants from shallower water have stem leaves that are ovate-triangular, similar to those in many species of Sphagnum in section Cuspidata. Both nuclear and plastid DNA sequence data support the placement of this new moss in section Cuspidata.

Phylogeny and evolution of male genitalia within the praying mantis genus Tenodera (Mantodea:Mantidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Jensen ◽  
Gavin J. Svenson ◽  
Hojun Song ◽  
Michael F. Whiting
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Optimality Criteria ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogeny And Evolution ◽  
First Time

The mantis genus Tenodera is composed of several species distributed across Africa, Asia and Australasia, along with recent human introductions to North America. Species of the genus are morphologically similar and utilise equivalent habitats across their distribution. Relationships among these species and the morphological characters used to diagnose them have never been formally tested, leaving authors to disagree as to the species composition of Tenodera. With DNA sequence data from five molecular loci and morphological characters from male genitalia, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Tenodera using multiple optimality criteria. All included species were found to be monophyletic in analyses of the combined data. Tenodera sinensis and T. bokiana were both supported as distinct species recovered in separate clades, resolving confusion as to their placement and classification. Our analysis identified a previously undescribed species of Tenodera collected in India, recovered as sister to T. aridifolia and T. sinensis, and exhibiting distinct male genital morphology. In light of the phylogeny, we characterise for the first time, and investigate the evolution of, the male genitalia, which allowed us to discover several transitions in structural forms. We also consider the connection of these transitions to sexual cannibalism and how this behaviour may have led to rapid evolution of the male genitalia.

Bipinnate acacias (Acacia subg. Phyllodineae sect. Botrycephalae) of eastern Australia are polyphyletic based on DNA sequence data

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian K. Brown ◽  
Siti R. Ariati ◽  
Daniel J. Murphy ◽  
Joseph T. H. Miller ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Main Clade ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Limited Sequence

A phylogenetic analysis of Acacia subg. Phyllodineae sect. Botrycephalae, endemic to eastern Australia, is presented based on a combined dataset of ITS and ETS sequences of nrDNA. A smaller set of species was sequenced also for the cpDNA trnK region. A limited number of morphological characters was also combined with the ITS+ETS dataset for most taxa. Thirty-eight of 41 Botrycephalae species were sequenced, together with a sample of ten uninerved phyllodinous species (sect. Phyllodineae). Although these DNA regions showed limited sequence divergence, bootstrap supported nodes of the consensus ITS+ETS tree indicate that Botrycephalae as currently defined is polyphyletic. Eight bipinnate species fell outside the main clade of Botrycephalae species while seven phyllodinous species were nested within it, near the base. The few derived but homoplasious morphological characters that were discovered included: presence of appressed unicellular hairs, presence of jugary and interjugary glands, number of pinnae > 7 and the funicle half–fully encircling the seed. Section Botrycephalae requires redefinition.

Synonymisation of the male-based ant genus Phaulomyrma (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) with Leptanilla based upon Bayesian total-evidence phylogenetic inference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary H. Griebenow
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Evidence Framework ◽  
Nuclear Loci

Although molecular data have proven indispensable in confidently resolving the phylogeny of many clades across the tree of life, these data may be inaccessible for certain taxa. The resolution of taxonomy in the ant subfamily Leptanillinae is made problematic by the absence of DNA sequence data for leptanilline taxa that are known only from male specimens, including the monotypic genus Phaulomyrma Wheeler & Wheeler. Focusing upon the considerable diversity of undescribed male leptanilline morphospecies, the phylogeny of 35 putative morphospecies sampled from across the Leptanillinae, plus an outgroup, is inferred from 11 nuclear loci and 41 discrete male morphological characters using a Bayesian total-evidence framework, with Phaulomyrma represented by morphological data only. Based upon the results of this analysis Phaulomyrma is synonymised with Leptanilla Emery, and male-based diagnoses for Leptanilla that are grounded in phylogeny are provided, under both broad and narrow circumscriptions of that genus. This demonstrates the potential utility of a total-evidence approach in inferring the phylogeny of rare extant taxa for which molecular data are unavailable and begins a long-overdue systematic revision of the Leptanillinae that is focused on male material.

Three new species of Schistonchus (Aphelenchoididae) from the Ficus subgenus Sycomorus (Moraceae) in northern Australia

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie A. Davies ◽  
Faerlie Bartholomaeus ◽  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Weimin Ye ◽  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Medium Length ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Pore Opening ◽  
Three New Species

Three new species of Schistonchus were recovered from sycones of Ficus racemosa, F. hispida and F. variegata (Moraceae Subgenus Sycomorus, Section Sycomorus) from the Cairns region in north-eastern Australia. Schistonchus baculum sp. n. is described from F. racemosa and F. hispida and is differentiated from other species of Schistonchus by a combination of morphological characters including having males with a walking-stick shape, excretory pore opening at the anterior end of the metacorpus, a long post-uterine sac, rose-thorn-shaped spicules, no gubernaculum, two pairs of subventral papillae on the tail, DNA sequence data, and apparent biogeographical range. Schistonchus fleckeri sp. n. is described from F. racemosa, F. hispida and F. variegata and is differentiated by a combination of morphological characters, including a C-shaped female and C-shaped to spiral males, the excretory pore opening near the lips, a short to medium length post-uterine sac, slender sickle-shaped spicules with a reduced rostrum, no gubernaculum, three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail, and apparent biogeographical range. Schistonchus cassowaryi sp. n. is described from F. variegata and is differentiated by a combination of morphological characters, including having C-shaped males and females, a posterior excretory pore situated posterior to the nerve ring, a short to medium length post-uterine sac, rose-thorn-shaped spicules, three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail (one adcloacal, one at mid-tail near lateral, and one near the tip), DNA sequence data, and apparent biogeographical range.

Revised circumscription of Nothofagus and recognition of the segregate genera Fuscospora, Lophozonia, and Trisyngyne (Nothofagaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER B. HEENAN ◽  
ROB D. SMISSEN
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
South America ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

The generic taxonomy of the Nothofagaceae is revised. We present a new phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters and map these characters onto a recently published phylogenetic tree obtained from DNA sequence data. Results of these and previous analyses strongly support the monophyly of four clades of Nothofagaceae that are currently treated as subgenera of Nothofagus. The four clades of Nothofagaceae are robust and well-supported, with deep stem divergences, have evolutionary equivalence with other genera of Fagales, and can be circumscribed with morphological characters. We argue that these morphological and molecular differences are sufficient for the four clades of Nothofagaceae to be recognised at the primary rank of genus, and that this classification will be more informative and efficient than the currently circumscribed Nothofagus with four subgenera.        Nothofagus is recircumscribed to include five species from southern South America, Lophozonia and Trisyngyne are reinstated, and the new genus Fuscospora is described. Fuscospora and Lophozonia, with six and seven species respectively, occur in New Zealand, southern South America and Australia. Trisyngyne comprises 25 species from New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia. New combinations are provided where necessary in each of these genera.

Morphological and molecular evidence places Maronina into synonymy with Protoparmelia (Ascomycota: Lecanorales)

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. PAPONG ◽  
G. KANTVILAS ◽  
H. T. LUMBSCH
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Secondary Chemistry ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement

AbstractThe phylogenetic placement of the genus Maronina was studied, based chiefly on phenotypic characters such as thallus colour and anatomy, secondary chemistry, the anatomy of the excipulum and the ascus-type. DNA sequence data of mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal loci from some of the species support the hypothesis that Maronina is nested within Protoparmelia. Hence, Maronina is reduced to synonymy with Protoparmelia. Comparison of genetic distances suggests that the two varieties within M. orientalis should be regarded as distinct species. Consequently, the new combinations Protoparmelia australiensis (Hafellner & R. W. Rogers) Kantvilas et al., P. corallifera (Kantvilas & Papong) Kantvilas et al., P. hesperia (Kantvilas & Elix) Kantvilas et al., P. multifera (Nyl.) Kantvilas et al., and P. orientalis (Kantvilas & Papong) Kantvilas et al. are proposed.

Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Ephemerellinae (Ephemerellidae: Ephemeroptera), with remarks about classification

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. HEATH OGDEN ◽  
JONATHAN T. OSBORNE ◽  
LUKE M. JACOBUS ◽  
MICHAEL F. WHITING
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Extant Genus ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Combined Data

This study represents the first combined molecular and morphological analysis for the mayfly family Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera), with a focus on the relationships of genera and species groups of the subfamily Ephemerellinae. The phylogeny was constructed based on DNA sequence data from 3 nuclear (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone H3) and 2 mitochondrial (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA) genes, and 23 morphological characters. Taxon sampling for Ephemerellidae included exemplars from all 25 extant genus groups and additional representatives from those genera with the highest diversity. Ephemerellidae appears to consist of three major clades. Ephemerella, the largest genus of Ephemerellidae, and Serratella were not supported as monophyletic, and each had representatives in two of the three major clades. However, the genera Drunella and Cincticostella were supported as monophyletic. Lineages strongly supported as monophyletic include a grouping of the Timpanoginae genera Timpanoga, Dannella, Dentatella and Eurylophella, and groupings of the Ephemerellinae genera Torleya, Hyrtanella and Crinitella and the genera Kangella, Uracanthella and Teloganopsis. The placement of the Timpanoginae genus Attenella fell within Ephemerellinae, based on molecular and combined data, but it grouped with other Timpanoginae based on morphological data alone. Further study and analysis of Ephemerellidae morphology is needed, and classification should be revised, if it is to reflect phylogenetic relationships.

Redescription of Anopheles oswaldoi (Peryassú, 1922) (Diptera: Culicidae), with formal lectotype designation

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1588 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAYSA TIEMI MOTOKI ◽  
YVONNE-MARIE LINTON ◽  
FREDDY RUIZ ◽  
CARMEN FLORES-MENDOZA ◽  
MARIA ANICE MUREB SALLUM
Keyword(s):  
Adult Female ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fourth Instar Larva ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Identity

Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) oswaldoi (Peryassú, 1922) comprises a species complex in South America. To fully characterize other taxa within the Oswaldoi Complex, it is essential to fix the identity of the nominotypical member. Given that the no type was designated in the original description, a lectotype is formally designated from the remaining syntypes in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. These and other recently collected specimens from the type locality (Espírito Santo, Brazil) and the State of São Paulo, Brazil were used to redescribe the species using morphological characters of the adult female, male and male genitalia, and the fourth-instar larva and pupa. The larva, pupa, and male genitalia are illustrated. Diagnostic morphological characters of the adult female and male genitalia are provided to distinguish An. oswaldoi s.s. from the morphologically similar An. konderi, An. galvaoi, and An. ininii. DNA sequence data from the second nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) are included to fix the molecular identity of An. oswaldoi s.s.

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