Description of a new Late Cretaceous species ofBulimulusLeach, 1814 (Orthalicoidea: Bulimulidae) using geometric morphometric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cabrera ◽  
Abraham S H Breure ◽  
Walter Norbis ◽  
Sergio Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACTIn the Late Cretaceous fossil record of Uruguay, three morphotypes of Bulimulus (Bulimulidae) have been recorded: Bulimulus klappenbachi and two undescribed ones. A geometric morphometric analysis was conducted to show whether the three morphotypes represent one or more species. With this aim, the three fossils were compared with three extant species of the same genus: Bulimulus bonariensis, B. guadalupensis and B. rushi. Variability within and among these three well-known extant species was tested to evaluate differences in the fossil morphotypes. Twenty-eight landmarks were selected (9 permanent landmarks and 19 semi-landmarks) and principal component analysis and canonical variate analysis were performed. Results indicate that only one of the unnamed morphotypes can be described as a new species and that the other is a variant of B. klappenbachi. The latter fossil species is described as Bulimulus frenguellii n. sp.

scholarly journals A new species of Prosyntexis Sharkey, 1990 (Hymenoptera: Sepulcidae) from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil confirmed by geometric morphometric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
CORENTIN JOUAULT ◽  
ANDRÉ NEL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Additional Specimen ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
A New Species

Examination of new fossil specimens of Prosyntexis from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil reveled a new species namely Prosyntexis sennlaubi sp. nov. To ensure the validity of the new taxon we examined previously described and figured specimens but we also figured an additional specimen of Prosyntexis gouleti Sharkey, 1990. The new species can be differentiated from the other Prosyntexis species of the Crato formation by its larger size but also in having the cell 2R1 small, the cell 2M small and short, the cell 3R1 narrow and the vein a directed toward wing apex. We performed a Geometric Morphometric Analysis (GMA) to estimate the variation in the forewing venation of the two species from the Crato Formation and ensure our placement.

Dasysyrphus neovenustus sp. n. (Diptera: Syrphidae) a new species in the venustus species group

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Soszyński ◽  
Lukasz Emil Mielczarek ◽  
Adam Tofilski
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Wing Venation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACT Both sexes of Dasysyrphus neovenustus sp. n. are described and illustrated, and the characters separating them from the similar D. venustus are given. The distinctiveness of the new species is confirmed also by geometric morphometric analysis of the wing venation. The new species is known from Poland and Siberia (Russia).

scholarly journals SHORT COMMUNICATION WING SHAPE VARIATIONS OF MALAYSIAN FORENSIC SCUTTLE FLIES (DIPTERA: PHORIDAE) INCLUDE SEXUAL DIMORPHISMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 222-230
Author(s):  
JULIANA KRISTINE ANTHONY ◽  
◽  
HENRY DISNEY ◽  
RAJA MUHAMMAD ZUHA* RAJA MUHAMMAD ZUHA*
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Sexual Dimorphisms ◽  
Megaselia Scalaris ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis

Geometric morphometric analysis recently has expanded to insects of forensic importance, mainly adult flies, as correct and valid species identification is important in forensic entomology. The objective of this research was to investigate morphological variations between two forensically important scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) in Malaysia, i.e. Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) and Megaselia spiracularis Schmitz, 1938, based on wing shape analysis. A total of 16 geometrical landmarks was defined and analysed with geometric morphometric procedures using MorphoJ software. Wing centroid size, which represented wing shape, was statistically different between species and sexes. By using residuals from the allometric effect, canonical variate analysis separated all defined groups in different distinct clusters and further cross validated by both species and sexes. Between species, male M. scalaris had broader wing shape than male M. spiracularis, whilst in the female, M. scalaris had a narrower shape at the tip of the wing. Within M. scalaris group, females had broader wing shape at the base than males, whereas in M. spiracularis, the females had narrower shape at the base of the wing than the males. The geometric morphometric analysis in distinguishing forensically important species could be expanded for further investigation, especially in Phoridae family.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric analysis of intratrackway variability: A case study on theropod and ornithopod dinosaur trackways from Münchehagen (Lower Cretaceous, Germany)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens N Lallensack ◽  
Anneke H van Heteren ◽  
Oliver Wings
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Left And Right

A profound understanding of the influence of trackmaker anatomy, foot movements and substrate properties is crucial for any interpretation of fossil tracks. In this case study we analyze variability of footprint shape within one large theropod (T3), one medium-sized theropod (T2) and one ornithopod (I1) trackway from the Lower Cretaceous of Münchehagen (Lower Saxony, Germany) in order to determine the informativeness of individual features and measurements for ichnotaxonomy, trackmaker identification, and the discrimination between left and right footprints. Landmark analysis is employed based on interpretative outline drawings derived from photogrammetric data, allowing for the location of variability within the footprint and the assessment of covariation of separate footprint parts. Objective methods to define the margins of a footprint are tested and shown to be sufficiently accurate to reproduce the most important results. The lateral hypex and the heel are the most variable regions in the two theropod trackways. As indicated by principal component analysis, a posterior shift of the lateral hypex is correlated with an anterior shift of the margin of the heel. This pattern is less pronounced in the ornithopod trackway, indicating that variation patterns can differ in separate trackways. In all trackways, hypices vary independently from each other, rendering their relative position a questionable feature for ichnotaxonomic purposes. Most criteria commonly employed to differentiate between left and right footprints assigned to theropods are found to be reasonably reliable. The described ornithopod footprints are asymmetrical, again allowing for a left-right differentiation. Strikingly, 12 out of 19 measured footprints of the T2 trackway are stepped over the trackway midline, rendering the trackway pattern a misleading left-right criterion for this trackway. Traditional measurements were unable to differentiate between the theropod and the ornithopod trackways. Geometric morphometric analysis reveals potential for improvement of existing discriminant methods.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric analysis of intratrackway variability: A case study on theropod and ornithopod dinosaur trackways from Münchehagen (Lower Cretaceous, Germany)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens N Lallensack ◽  
Anneke H van Heteren ◽  
Oliver Wings
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Left And Right

A profound understanding of the influence of trackmaker anatomy, foot movements and substrate properties is crucial for any interpretation of fossil tracks. In this case study we analyze variability of footprint shape within one large theropod (T3), one medium-sized theropod (T2) and one ornithopod (I1) trackway from the Lower Cretaceous of Münchehagen (Lower Saxony, Germany) in order to determine the informativeness of individual features and measurements for ichnotaxonomy, trackmaker identification, and the discrimination between left and right footprints. Landmark analysis is employed based on interpretative outline drawings derived from photogrammetric data, allowing for the location of variability within the footprint and the assessment of covariation of separate footprint parts. Objective methods to define the margins of a footprint are tested and shown to be sufficiently accurate to reproduce the most important results. The lateral hypex and the heel are the most variable regions in the two theropod trackways. As indicated by principal component analysis, a posterior shift of the lateral hypex is correlated with an anterior shift of the margin of the heel. This pattern is less pronounced in the ornithopod trackway, indicating that variation patterns can differ in separate trackways. In all trackways, hypices vary independently from each other, rendering their relative position a questionable feature for ichnotaxonomic purposes. Most criteria commonly employed to differentiate between left and right footprints assigned to theropods are found to be reasonably reliable. The described ornithopod footprints are asymmetrical, again allowing for a left-right differentiation. Strikingly, 12 out of 19 measured footprints of the T2 trackway are stepped over the trackway midline, rendering the trackway pattern a misleading left-right criterion for this trackway. Traditional measurements were unable to differentiate between the theropod and the ornithopod trackways. Geometric morphometric analysis reveals potential for improvement of existing discriminant methods.

Discrimination of the species of the Crassiphycus corneus/C. usneoides complex (Gracilariaceae, Rhodophyta) through geometric morphometric analysis

Nova Hedwigia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Isabel Vilchis ◽  
Jiri Neustupa ◽  
Kurt Dreckmann ◽  
Alejandra Quintanar ◽  
Abel Sentíes
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fourier Descriptors ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Elliptic Fourier Descriptors ◽  
Manova Analysis

The results of the discrimination by geometric morphometry of the species within the Crassiphycus corneus/C. usneoides complex is presented, from the shape of its cortical, subcortical and medullary cells in the apical, medium and basal portions of thallus. Principal component analysis, based on the elliptic Fourier descriptors of cellular outline shapes and NP-MANOVA analysis, show that only the cortical cells in the medium portion were significantly wider in C. corneus than in C. usneoides. The isoperimetric quotients (Q) indicated that these cells were significantly more circular in C. corneus than in C. usneoides. We conclude that the outline analyses efficiently recovered phenotypic differences between the species defined by molecular systematics and considered to be cryptic, so far.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric analysis of intratrackway variability: a case study on theropod and ornithopod dinosaur trackways from Münchehagen (Lower Cretaceous, Germany)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens N. Lallensack ◽  
Anneke H. van Heteren ◽  
Oliver Wings
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Left And Right

A profound understanding of the influence of trackmaker anatomy, foot movements and substrate properties is crucial for any interpretation of fossil tracks. In this case study we analyze variability of footprint shape within one large theropod (T3), one medium-sized theropod (T2) and one ornithopod (I1) trackway from the Lower Cretaceous of Münchehagen (Lower Saxony, Germany) in order to determine the informativeness of individual features and measurements for ichnotaxonomy, trackmaker identification, and the discrimination between left and right footprints. Landmark analysis is employed based on interpretative outline drawings derived from photogrammetric data, allowing for the location of variability within the footprint and the assessment of covariation of separate footprint parts. Objective methods to define the margins of a footprint are tested and shown to be sufficiently accurate to reproduce the most important results. The lateral hypex and the heel are the most variable regions in the two theropod trackways. As indicated by principal component analysis, a posterior shift of the lateral hypex is correlated with an anterior shift of the margin of the heel. This pattern is less pronounced in the ornithopod trackway, indicating that variation patterns can differ in separate trackways. In all trackways, hypices vary independently from each other, suggesting that their relative position a questionable feature for ichnotaxonomic purposes. Most criteria commonly employed to differentiate between left and right footprints assigned to theropods are found to be reasonably reliable. The described ornithopod footprints are asymmetrical, again allowing for a left–right differentiation. Strikingly, 12 out of 19 measured footprints of the T2 trackway are stepped over the trackway midline, rendering the trackway pattern a misleading left–right criterion for this trackway. Traditional measurements were unable to differentiate between the theropod and the ornithopod trackways. Geometric morphometric analysis reveals potential for improvement of existing discriminant methods.

Species delimitation by a geometric morphometric analysis within the genus Pseudoathyreus and description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Bolboceratidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Maria Carpaneto ◽  
Federico Romiti
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Morphological Approach ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
A New Species

A geometric morphometric analysis, conducted as part of a taxonomic review of the genus Pseudoathyreus (Coleoptera: Bolboceratidae), allowed us to highlight the differences within a group of closely related species spread from the Sahel region to India, supporting the traditional morphological approach and confirming the presence of a newly discovered species (P. zianii n. sp.).

Appraisal of the fossil record ofHomarus(nephropid lobster), with description of a new species from the upper Oligocene of Hungary and remarks on the status ofHoploparia

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Tshudy ◽  
Matúš Hyžný ◽  
Alfréd Dulai ◽  
John W.M. Jagt
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Upper Oligocene ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe fossil record of the clawed lobster genus,Homarus, is appraised. The taxonomic history ofHomarusandHoplopariais summarized, and a list of species recognized for each is provided. A tabulation of all fossil species of the family Nephropidae permits assessment of nephropid species diversity through time. A new species ofHomarus,H.hungaricus, is recorded from the upper Oligocene (Chattian) Mány Formation at Mány, northern Hungary. The species is known by a single specimen consisting of a partial cephalothorax, a pleon minus telson, and partial chelipeds.Homarusis now known by two extant species (H.americanusandH.gammarus) and six fossil taxa, one of Early Cretaceous (Albian;H.benedeni) and five of Cenozoic age (H.hungaricusn. sp.,H.klebsi,H.lehmanni,H.morrisi, andH.percyi). The new fossilHomarusdiffers from modern congeners in aspects of carapace and pleon ornamentation and, especially, cutter claw shape. This is the fourth Oligocene occurrence of a nephropid species; all areHomarusand all are from Western Europe.Homarusmakes its appearance in the fossil record in the Early Cretaceous (Albian) and then is not known again until the Paleogene, despite the fact that nephropid lobsters in general are well known from the Late Cretaceous. Nephropid lobsters are better known from the Cretaceous than from the Cenozoic. Both raw species numbers and numbers corrected (normalized) for epicontinental sea coverage show that shelf-dwelling nephropid lobsters were most diverse during the Late Cretaceous.

scholarly journals Geometric morphometric analysis of spore shapes improves identification of fungi

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0250477
Author(s):  
Alexander Ordynets ◽  
Sarah Keßler ◽  
Ewald Langer
Keyword(s):  
Species Identification ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Test System ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Geometric Information ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Geometric Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Shape And Size

Morphology of organisms is an essential source of evidence for taxonomic decisions and understanding of ecology and evolutionary history. The geometric structure (i.e., numeric description of shape) provides richer and mathematically different information about an organism’s morphology than linear measurements. A little is known on how these two sources of morphological information (shape vs. size) contribute to the identification of organisms when implied simultaneously. This study hypothesized that combining geometric information on the outline with linear measurements results in better species identification than either evidence alone can provide. As a test system for our research, we used the microscopic spores of fungi from the genus Subulicystidium (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota). We analyzed 2D spore shape data via elliptic Fourier and principal component analyses. Using flexible discriminant analysis, we achieved the highest species identification success rate for a combination of shape and size descriptors (64.7%). The shape descriptors alone predicted species slightly better than size descriptors (61.5% vs. 59.1%). We conclude that adding geometric information on the outline to linear measurements improves the identification of the organisms. Despite the high relevance of spore traits for the taxonomy of fungi, they were previously rarely analyzed with the tools of geometric morphometrics. Therefore, we supplement our study with an open access protocol for digitizing and summarizing fungal spores’ shape and size information. We propagate a broader use of geometric morphometric analysis for microscopic propagules of fungi and other organisms.

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