211 Macromolecular Clearance from the Ventricles by Choroid Plexus in Experimental Hydrocephalus

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (CN_suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 257-257
Author(s):  
Satish Krishnamurthy ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Yimin Shen ◽  
Mark Haacke
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Spectrophotometric Assay ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Mri Scan ◽  
Experimental Hydrocephalus ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract INTRODUCTION Choroid plexus is known to be the source of cerebrospinal fluid and therefore, has been the target of surgical destruction or coagulation in the treatment of hydrocephalus. The role of choroid plexus in the homeostasis of the cerebrospinal fluid is unclear in the presence of hydrocephalus. METHODS We performed experiments to study the distribution and kinetics of iron labeled dextran in rats using a 7T MRI scan for a period of two hours during and immediately following injection. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal (n = 9), communicating hydrocephalus induced by kaolin (n = 11) and obstructive hydrocephalus induced by kaolin (n = 4). Presence of iron tagged dextran in the choroid plexus was determined as a change in the MRI signal (decreased T2 value) and histology after sacrifice of the animals. RESULTS >MR data was measured at three different time points: preinjection, 35 minutes post and 79 minutes post injection. We found that in all groups there was uptake of iron tagged dextran into the choroid plexus. While the T2 vlaues of CP returned baseline at 79 minutes in normal, while these values were still far below the baseline in kaolin induced hydrocephalus groups and these were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Normal rat, CP T2 values 101 ± 5(n = 18) (pre), 64 ± 1(35m post), 92 ± 1 (79m post). Hy-BC rat, CP T2 values 148 ± 26(n = 76) (pre), 60 ± 4(35m post), 71 ± 8(79m post). Hy-CM rat, CP T2 values156± 32(n = 53) (pre), 39 ± 6(35m post), 35 ± 4(79m post). Histopathology confirmed the presence of dextrans in the choroid plexus. Spectrophotometric assay of serum and urine revealed that dextrans were detected in both with a peak in the serum at 30 mins and peak in the urine at 45 mins. CONCLUSION Choroid plexus plays a beneficial role in the clearance of macromolecules from the CSF in both normal and hydrocephalic states.

Role of transthyretin in thyroxine transfer from cerebrospinal fluid to brain and choroid plexus

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (5) ◽  
pp. R1310-R1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nouhad A. Kassem ◽  
Rashid Deane ◽  
Malcolm B. Segal ◽  
Jane E. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Lateral Ventricles

The transport of 125I-labeled thyroxine (T4) from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into brain and choroid plexus (CP) was measured in anesthetized rabbit [0.5 mg/kg medetomidine (Domitor) and 10 mg/kg pentobarbitonal sodium (Sagatal) iv] using the ventriculocisternal (V-C) perfusion technique. 125I-labeled T4 contained in artificial CSF was continually perfused into the lateral ventricles for up to 4 h and recovered from the cisterna magna. The %recovery of 125I-labeled T4 from the aCSF was 47.2 ± 5.6% ( n = 10), indicating removal of 125I-labeled T4 from the CSF. The recovery increased to 53.2 ± 6.3% ( n = 4) and 57.8 ± 14.8% ( n = 3), in the presence of 100 and 200 μM unlabeled-T4, respectively ( P < 0.05), indicating a saturable component to T4 removal from CSF. There was a large accumulation of 125I-labeled T4 in the CP, and this was reduced by 80% in the presence of 200 μM unlabeled T4, showing saturation. In the presence of the thyroid-binding protein transthyretin (TTR), more 125I-labeled T4 was recovered from CSF, indicating that the binding protein acted to retain T4 in CSF. However, 125I-labeled T4 uptake into the ependymal region (ER) of the frontal cortex also increased by 13 times compared with control conditions. Elevation was also seen in the hippocampus (HC) and brain stem. Uptake was significantly inhibited by the presence of endocytosis inhibitors nocodazole and monensin by > 50%. These data suggest that the distribution of T4 from CSF into brain and CP is carrier mediated, TTR dependent, and via RME. These results support a role for TTR in the distribution of T4 from CSF into brain sites around the ventricular system, indicating those areas involved in neurogenesis (ER and HC).

scholarly journals Non-canonical, potassium-driven cerebrospinal fluid clearance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixin Xu ◽  
Ryann M Fame ◽  
Cameron Sadegh ◽  
Jason Sutin ◽  
Christopher Naranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Transition Phase ◽  
Congenital Hydrocephalus ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fetal Stage

ABSTRACTCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides vital support for the brain. Abnormal CSF accumulation is deleterious for perinatal neurodevelopment, but how CSF leaves the brain during this critical period is unknown. We found in mice a postnatal neurodevelopmental transition phase featuring precipitous CSF K+ clearance, accompanied by water, through the choroid plexus (ChP). The period corresponds to a human fetal stage when canonical CSF clearance pathways have yet to form and congenital hydrocephalus begins to manifest. Unbiased ChP metabolic and ribosomal profiling highlighted this transition phase with increased ATP yield and activated energy-dependent K+ transporters, in particular the Na+-K+-Cl− and water cotransporter NKCC1. ChP-targeted NKCC1 overexpression enhanced K+-driven CSF clearance and enabled more permissive cerebral hydrodynamics. Moreover, ventriculomegaly in an obstructive hydrocephalus model was improved by ChP-targeted NKCC1 overexpression. Collectively, we identified K+-driven CSF clearance through ChP during a transient but critical neurodevelopmental phase, with translational value for pathologic conditions.

scholarly journals Neural differentiation of choroid plexus epithelial cells: role of human traumatic cerebrospinal fluid

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Sadeghi ◽  
Elham Hashemi ◽  
Abbas Aliaghaei ◽  
Afsoun Seddighi ◽  
Abbas Piryaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Choroid Plexus Epithelial

scholarly journals Persistence of communicating hydrocephalus post choroid plexus tumor resection: Case reports and review of literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Basindwah ◽  
Basmah S. Alzahrani ◽  
Abdulrazag M. Ajlan ◽  
Hiasham Alkhalidi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Third Ventricle ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Complete Excision ◽  
Choroid Plexus Tumors ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
Choroid Plexus Tumor

Background: Hydrocephalus is the most common presentation of choroid plexus tumors; it is thought to be caused either by mass effect obstructing the cerebrospinal fluid pathways or secretory properties of the tumor. In these case reports, we present two cases of choroid plexus tumors with persistence of communicating hydrocephalus postoperatively and review similar reports in the literature. Case Description: Case 1: a 2-month-old baby girl presented with bulging fontanelle, sunsetting eyes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed large third ventricle mass with communicating hydrocephalus. She underwent complete excision of tumor through transcortical approach with perioperative intraventricular hemorrhage. Hydrocephalus persisted postoperatively and the patient required permanent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. Case 2: a 16-year-old boy presented decreased visual acuity, papilledema, and morning headaches. MRI showed a tumor in the right ventricle and communicating hydrocephalus. He underwent transparietal resection of the tumor. In both cases, hydrocephalus persisted postoperatively and patients required permanent VP shunt. Review of similar cases showed the majority of cases required permanent shunting. Conclusion: Choroid plexus tumor patients can present with communicating hydrocephalus that may persist post tumor resection for different etiologies. Careful follow-up to determine the need for cerebrospinal fluid diversion through a permanent VP shunt is important.

Role of NaCl cotransport in cerebrospinal fluid production: effects of loop diuretics

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Javaheri
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Reasonable Assumption ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Production Effects ◽  
Nacl Cotransport ◽  
Csf Production

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is secreted primarily by the choroid plexus (CP) located in the cerebral ventricles. Although much is known about ionic composition of cisternal CSF, the mechanisms involved in secretion of CSF in mammals are still not understood. The main aim of this report is to critically review the role of NaCl cotransport carrier in CSF production. On the basis of the studies in the literature, a model for CSF production by the CP is proposed. In this model, CP cells are assumed to be equipped with an NaCl cotransport carrier located on the basolateral (blood-facing) membrane. Because Na+ and Cl- are the two principal ions in CSF, their continued secretions into cerebral ventricles by CP cells require an adequate intracellular supply, which may be guaranteed by the NaCl cotransport carrier. Although this appears to be a reasonable assumption, making the processes involved in CSF production similar to those of other secretory epithelial cells, the presence of such a carrier in mammalian CP remains controversial. The reasons for this controversy are critically reviewed, and some suggestions for further studies are made.

Comment on “Role of Choroid Plexus in Cerebrospinal Fluid Hydrodynamics”

Neuroscience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Keep ◽  
Margery A. Barrand ◽  
Stephen B. Hladky
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Hydrodynamics ◽  
Fluid Hydrodynamics
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