An Eastern Redcedar and Rocky Mountain Juniper Provenance Test for Windbreak Suitability in Eastern South Dakota

1988 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Peter R. Schaefer ◽  
Norman B. Baer
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Natural Stands

Abstract Eastern redcedar and Rocky Mountain juniper are the two most commonly planted conifers east of the Black Hills in South Dakota. They are also planted in large numbers throughout the rest of the Great Plains. Despite their widespread use, practical genetic information for these species is limited. A regional provenance test of 118 eastern redcedar and 26 Rocky Mountain juniper sources was established in eastern South Dakota in 1980 to address this problem. Eastern redcedar exhibited better combinations of traits, with greater height growth, larger crown spread, a wider branch angle, and a stronger tendency toward producing a single terminal leader than Rocky Mountain juniper. Based on a windbreak suitability index the best performing seedlots collected from natural stands were all eastern redcedar from a large area of the central Great Plains. These results indicate that eastern redcedar should be favored over Rocky Mountain juniper for planting in eastern South Dakota. Sources of eastern redcedar south of central Kansas should be avoided. North. J. Appl. For. 5:129-132, June 1988.

Ten-Year Results of an Eastern Redcedar and Rocky Mountain Juniper Provenance Test in Eastern South Dakota

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Peter R. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Foliage Density ◽  
Crown Characteristics

Abstract One hundred eighteen sources of eastern redcedar and 26 sources of Rocky Mountain juniper were established as a provenance test near Brookings, SD, in 1980. Height, crown width, survival, branch angle, foliage density, number of terminal leaders, sex, flowering, and the incidence of three diseases were recorded after 10 yr. ANOVA, Chi-square, simple and rank correlation, cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. Eastern redcedar exhibited better overall performance for windbreak purposes than Rocky Mountain juniper. Eastern redcedar originating in central Nebraska exhibited the best combination of height, survival and crown characteristics. Much of the eastern redcedar planted in the Great Plains 30 or more years ago appears to have been grown from seed collected in central Nebraska. Selection for fast growing sources may begin 2 or 3 yr after field planting, while the ability to select fast growing individuals within sources was only moderate after 5 yr. Correlations among traits after 10 yr were generally weak. North. J. Appl. For. 12(1):30-35.

Ponderosa Pine Provenance Test for Windbreaks in Eastern South Dakota

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Peter R. Schaefer ◽  
Norman W. Baer
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
South Central ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
Genetically Improved

Abstract Ponderosa pine has been planted extensively in the northern Great Plains. Many of the plantings, however, have performed poorly or failed because of poor early survival and slow growth. A regional provenance test of 73 ponderosa pine sources was established in 1968 as one means of improving the performance of this species throughout the Great Plains. Results after 15 years indicated that three sources located in north central Nebraska and south central South Dakota were taller than all other sources. The three sources exhibited a height growth 30% above the plantation mean and an average survival 20% higher than that of the plantation as a whole. These sources have also been among the tallest and best survivors in similar tests throughout the Great Plains. Juvenile-mature correlations were strong for 5-year and 15-year height growth. The identification of a relatively small area from which to collect genetically improved ponderosa pine should greatly facilitate the incorporation of these seedlings into tree-planting efforts in the northern Plains. North. J. Appl. For. 2:105-107, Dec. 1985.

scholarly journals Impact of Pruning Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana)

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Schmidt ◽  
Tom D. Wardle
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Total Height ◽  
Forest Industries ◽  
Future Utilization

Abstract In recent years, eastern redcedar has been the most rapidly expanding tree resource in the Great Plains from Oklahoma to South Dakota, primarily in rangelands and pastures. Based on these increases and potential management-related problems, eastern redcedar is perceived as a threat to the rangeland resource. Pruning eastern redcedar can allow for increased herbaceous growth under the eastern redcedar's crown, improve livestock handling, maintain the species for diversity and habitat contributions, and improve wood quality for potential future utilization by forest industries. To determine the effect of pruning to different heights on tree growth, we compared unpruned trees' total height and diameter to trees pruned from ground level to heights of 60, 90, 120, and 150 cm. No significant differences in the total height were found for all pruning treatments over all time periods. After more than 10 yr, trees pruned to 60, 90, and 120 cm had smaller diameters at ground level than unpruned trees. There were no differences in ground diameters for trees pruned to 150 cm compared to unpruned trees after 4 yr of growth. There were no significant differences in dbh for eastern redcedar trees pruned to all heights. Management of eastern redcedar, including pruning, is recommended as an alternative to control measures. West. J. Appl. For. 17(4):189–193.

scholarly journals Condition of Green Ash, Incidence of Ash Yellows Phytoplasmas, and Their Association in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain Regions of North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Walla ◽  
W. R. Jacobi ◽  
N. A. Tisserat ◽  
M. O. Harrell ◽  
J. J. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Crown Dieback

About 50% of 1,057 green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) systematically sampled in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountain regions had substantial dieback (>10% of crown branches with dieback), and the average growth ring width during the last 20 years was 2.9 mm. The overall condition of the population was rated fair. Ash yellows phytoplasmas were identified at 102 of 106 sites throughout six U.S. states (North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Nebraska, Colorado, Kansas) and three Canadian provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba). These phytoplasmas had not previously been known in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Wyoming, Colorado, or Kansas. Incidence of phytoplasmal detection ranged from 16% in Wyoming to 71% in South Dakota. Incidence varied in the range 41 to 67% across site types and crown dieback classes. Incidence was highest in rural plantings, in trees with the most crown dieback, and in larger diameter trees. No significant relationships were detected between presence of ash yellows phytoplasmas and radial growth rates of trees.

The Jim Pitts Site: A Stratified Paleoindian Site in the Black Hills of South Dakota

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Sellet ◽  
James Donohue ◽  
Matthew G. Hill
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Early Winter ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Culture History ◽  
Point Types

The Jim Pitts site is a multicomponent Paleoindian locality in the Black Hills of South Dakota, with a rare Goshen residential occupation. All Paleoindian components were comprised in the Leonard paleosol. The deepest component at the site is a Goshen level dated to 10,185 ± 25 B.P. It correlates with a late fall-early winter camp site. Over the course of its use parts of at least five bison were procured and introduced to the site. Above this level an array of point styles, including Goshen, Folsom, Agate Basin, several Fishtail points, James Allen, Cody, and Alberta, have also been found. The following study provides a typological and technological description of the point assemblage and weighs the implications of the chrono-cultural stratigraphy for reconstructing the Paleoindian cultural landscape. It questions the validity of some types, particularly Goshen, as cultural and chronological markers. Ultimately, the evidence presented here reinforces a model in which multiple Paleoindian point types occur simultaneously on the central and northern Great Plains. This in turn challenges a unilineal view of Paleoindian culture history.

Time averaging and late Quaternary ecological replacement in Don’s Gooseberry Pit, South Dakota, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa I. Pardi ◽  
Russell W. Graham
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Time Averaging ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
The North

AbstractLate Quaternary small mammal faunas document ecological change and biotic responses to past climates but are especially rare in some geographic regions such as the North American Great Plains. Don’s Gooseberry Pit (DGP), a cave in the southeastern Black Hills of South Dakota, USA, contains a fauna documenting small mammal community composition shifts and environmental change over the last 18,000 yr in this data-depauperate region. Although the stratigraphy of the cave appears to be primary, disparate radiocarbon dates indicate that there is mixing of the fauna throughout. A paleoenvironmental signal consistent with regional reconstructions still emerges from an analysis of the stratigraphically ordered fauna. Dated taxa from DGP record the ecological replacement of Dicrostonyx by Myodes and later Microtus in response to late Quaternary warming. Individually dated specimens of Dicrostonyx richardsoni confirm late survival of this cold-adapted taxon in the Black Hills (17,083 cal yr BP). Our results indicate that a coarse paleoecological signal is present in DGP, and that the Black Hills served as a “high-altitude” refugium for cold-adapted species following the end of the last glacial period.

scholarly journals U–Pb baddeleyite crystallization age for a Corson diabase intrusion: possible Midcontinent Rift magmatism in eastern South Dakota

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelli A. McCormick ◽  
Kevin R. Chamberlain ◽  
Colin J. Paterson
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Black Hills ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Tectonic Zone ◽  
Midcontinent Rift ◽  
Proterozoic Basement ◽  
Superior Craton

The largely buried basement of the northern Great Plains includes suture zones and terrane boundaries that represent a significant part of the growth of Laurentia in the Proterozoic. Basement exposures in this region east of the Black Hills are rare. In southeastern South Dakota, southwestern Minnesota, northeastern Nebraska, and northwestern Iowa, small outcrops of the Proterozoic Sioux Quartzite occur. In southeastern South Dakota, Corson diabase sills or dykes have intruded the quartzite. U–Pb ID–TIMS baddeleyite data from a Corson diabase sample yield an upper intercept date of 1149.4 ± 7.3 Ma, suggesting the diabase is related temporally to the Midcontinent Rift (MCR). The similarity in age of this diabase to the Inspiration sill, Pigeon River, Kipling, and Abitibi dykes suggests that early Midcontinent Rift development was not localized within the Nipigon Embayment, but extended along a roughly east–northeast zone from the Abitibi dykes to the Corson diabase. The presence of the Corson intrusions 250 km west of the MCR is hypothesized to represent a failed rift arm within the Superior craton. The greater strength of the Superior craton relative to lithosphere south of the Spirit Lake tectonic zone resulted in a shift of the southwestern rift arm in southern Minnesota along the Belle Plaine fault southeastward to the Iowa border. Alternatively, the apparent northeast trend of known occurrences of the Corson diabase is also consistent with a mantle plume centre explanation for early Midcontinent rifting.

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