scholarly journals Low nicotine content descriptors reduce perceived health risks and positive cigarette ratings in participants using very low nicotine content cigarettes

2016 ◽  
pp. ntw320
Author(s):  
R.L. Denlinger-Apte ◽  
D.L. Joel ◽  
A.A. Strasser ◽  
E.C. Donny
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Nicotine Content

scholarly journals Perceived nicotine content of reduced nicotine content cigarettes is a correlate of perceived health risks

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren R Pacek ◽  
F Joseph McClernon ◽  
Rachel L Denlinger-Apte ◽  
Melissa Mercincavage ◽  
Andrew A Strasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Nicotine Content ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Perceived Harm ◽  
Very High

BackgroundReducing cigarette nicotine content may reduce smoking. Studies suggest that smokers believe that nicotine plays a role in smoking-related morbidity. This may lead smokers to assume that reduced nicotine means reduced risk, and attenuate potential positive effects on smoking behaviour.MethodsData came from a multisite randomised trial in which smokers were assigned to use cigarettes varying in nicotine content for 6 weeks. We evaluated associations between perceived and actual nicotine content with perceived health risks using linear regression, and associations between perceived nicotine content and perceived health risks with smoking outcomes using linear and logistic regression.FindingsPerceived—not actual—nicotine content was associated with perceived health risks; compared with those perceiving very low nicotine, individuals who perceived low (β=0.72, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.17), moderate (β=1.02, 95% CI 0.51 to 1.53) or high/very high nicotine (β=1.66, 95% CI 0.87 to 2.44) perceived greater health risks. Nevertheless, individuals perceiving low (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.71) or moderate nicotine (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.66) were less likely than those perceiving very low nicotine to report that they would quit within 1 year if only investigational cigarettes were available. Lower perceived risk of developing other cancers and heart disease was also associated with fewer cigarettes/day at week 6.ConclusionsAlthough the perception of reduced nicotine is associated with a reduction in perceived harm, it may not attenuate the anticipated beneficial effects on smoking behaviour. These findings have implications for potential product standards targeting nicotine and highlight the need to clarify the persistent harms of reduced nicotine combusted tobacco products.

What Influences Consumer Evaluation of Genetically Modified Foods?

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Pham ◽  
Naomi Mandel
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Genetically Modified Foods ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Consumer Evaluation ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
Gm Foods

Genetically modified (GM) foods have attracted a great deal of controversy. While some consumers and organizations regard GM foods as safe, many other consumers and organizations remain concerned about their potential health risks. The results of three studies suggest that consumers respond differently to persuasive messages regarding GM foods on the basis of their preexisting attitudes. Weak anti-GM consumers tend to comply with a variety of pro-GM messages. In contrast, strong anti-GM consumers exhibit message-opposing behavior. Moreover, they respond just as negatively to a safety message (claiming that GM foods are safe) as to a risk message (claiming that GM foods are unsafe). The mechanism underlying these effects is consumers’ perceived health risk. A benefit message claiming that GM foods are beneficial (e.g., more nutritious than their conventional counterparts) is a better alternative for strong anti-GM consumers. Finally, the results suggest that persuasive messages do not significantly change pro-GM consumers’ evaluations of these foods.

Nicotine Content and Health Risks of Cigars

JAMA ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 276 (23) ◽  
pp. 1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack E. Henningfield
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Nicotine Content

scholarly journals Defensive spending on tap water substitutes: the value of reducing perceived health risks

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane P. Dupont ◽  
Nowshin Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Consumer Spending

We examine factors that explain consumer spending on tap water substitutes using information from a national survey undertaken with a representative set of Canadian respondents. We develop a model to predict the percentage of households that undertake such spending for the purpose of reducing perceived health risks from tap water consumption. Using results from the model we estimate the magnitude of defensive expenditures to be over half a billion dollars (2010 US$) per year for Canada, as a whole. This is equivalent to approximately $48 per household per year or about $19 per person per year. Residents of Ontario, the province in which an Escherichia coli incident took place in 2000, have the highest willingness-to-pay of approximately $60 per household per year.

scholarly journals Benevolent Sexism, Perceived Health Risks, and the Inclination to Restrict Pregnant Women’s Freedoms

Sex Roles ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 596-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robbie M. Sutton ◽  
Karen M. Douglas ◽  
Leigh M. McClellan
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Benevolent Sexism
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