Low-calorie sweeteners and human health: a rapid review of systematic reviews

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Andrade ◽  
Kirsten M Lee ◽  
Allison C Sylvetsky ◽  
Sharon I Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Low Calorie Sweetener

Abstract Introduction Low-calorie sweeteners are increasingly prevalent in the food supply and their consumption has increased in recent decades. Although low-calorie sweeteners approved for use are considered safe from a toxicological perspective, their short- and long-term impacts on chronic disease risk remain uncertain. The aim of this review was to summarize the evidence from systematic reviews on low-calorie sweetener use and chronic conditions and risk factors in children and adults. Methods MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify systematic reviews of randomized and nonrandomized studies that considered low-calorie sweeteners in relation to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, anthropometric measures, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and dental caries. Data were extracted from 9 reviews deemed of moderate or high quality on the basis of AMSTAR-2. Results Narrative synthesis suggested inconsistent evidence on low-calorie sweetener use in relation to chronic conditions and associated risk factors, with nonrandomized studies suggesting positive associations and randomized studies suggesting negative or no associations. Conclusion Continued research on the long-term health impacts of low-calorie sweeteners across all life stages is warranted.

Postoperative hemorrhage during the acute phase after direct or combined revascularization for moyamoya disease: risk factors, prognosis, and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 1450-1459
Author(s):  
Yu Chen ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
Junlin Lu ◽  
Xiaolin Chen ◽  
Xun Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Propensity Score Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Hemorrhage ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVEPostoperative hemorrhage during the acute phase is rarely observed after revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease (MMD) but can have severe complications. Its risk factors and outcomes are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of postoperative hemorrhage during the acute phase in MMD and examine the outcomes of the hemorrhage.METHODSThe authors reviewed the preoperative clinical characteristics and radiographic features of 465 consecutive MMD cases (518 procedures) that had undergone direct or combined bypass surgery at their institution between 2009 and 2015. Patients with postoperative intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or ICH plus intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) during the acute phase were screened, and then the incidence, location, and risk factors of hemorrhage in these patients were analyzed. Short-term and long-term outcomes (modified Rankin Scale scores) for these patients were also collected. Outcomes were compared between patients with and those without postoperative ICH using propensity score analysis to reduce the between-group differences in baseline characteristics.RESULTSPostoperative hemorrhage occurred in 11 (2.1%; ICH = 9, IVH = 2) of 518 procedures (mean patient age 39.82 ± 8.8 years). Hemorrhage occurred in the first 24 hours after the operation in 8 cases (72.7%). In the ICH group, most of the hemorrhage sites (77.8%) were located beneath the anastomosed area, and the mean hematoma volume was 16.98 ± 22.45 ml (range 3–57 ml). One case from the ICH group required hematoma evacuation. Among the adult patients (463 procedures [89.4%]), preoperative hypertension (p = 0.008), CT perfusion (CTP) stage > III (p = 0.013), and posterior circulation involvement (p = 0.022) were significantly associated with postoperative ICH. No significant differences between the postoperative ICH group and the no-hemorrhage group were detected in terms of postoperative neurofunctional status at discharge (p = 0.569) or at the last follow-up (p = 1.000). Neither was there a significant difference in future stroke risk (p = 0.538) between these two groups.CONCLUSIONSPreoperative hypertension, CTP stage > III, and posterior circulation involvement are independent risk factors for postoperative ICH after direct or combined revascularization for MMD. After appropriate perioperative management, postoperative ICH has no significant correlations with the postoperative short-term and long-term neurofunctional status.

Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in people with long-term spinal cord injury living in the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacinthe J. E. Adriaansen ◽  
Yvonne Douma-Haan ◽  
Floris W. A. van Asbeck ◽  
Casper F. van Koppenhagen ◽  
Sonja de Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Synergistic effect of coronary artery disease risk factors on long-term survival in patients with normal exercise SPECT studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azhar Supariwala ◽  
Seth Uretsky ◽  
Padmakshi Singh ◽  
Salim Memon ◽  
Surinder S. Khokhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease Risk ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Artery Disease

scholarly journals Does the Method of Weight Loss Effect Long-Term Changes in Weight, Body Composition or Chronic Disease Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Adults? A Systematic Review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e109849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Washburn ◽  
Amanda N. Szabo ◽  
Kate Lambourne ◽  
Erik A. Willis ◽  
Lauren T. Ptomey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Loss Effect

scholarly journals Progression of vertebral fractures in long-term controlled acromegaly: a 9-year follow-up study

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
I C M Pelsma ◽  
N R Biermasz ◽  
A M Pereira ◽  
W R van Furth ◽  
N M Appelman-Dijkstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Total Incidence ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Spine Radiographs

Objective: Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) excess results in both reversible and irreversible musculoskeletal damage, including increased vertebral fracture (VF) risk. The prevalence of VFs is approximately 60% in controlled acromegaly patients, and these VFs can progress in time. We aimed to identify the course of VFs in a cohort of acromegaly patients in long-term remission and their associated risk factors during prolonged follow-up. Methods: Thirty-one patients with acromegaly (49% female, median age 60 years (IQR 53–66)), who were in remission for ≥2 years, were included in this longitudinal, prospective, follow-up study. Spine radiographs of vertebrae Th4 to L4 were assessed for VFs using the Genant score, at baseline, after 2.6 years and 9.1 years. Progression was defined as either a new fracture or a ≥1-point increase in Genant score. Results: The prevalence of VF at baseline was 87% (27/31 patients). Progression of VFs was observed in eleven patients (35.5%) during the 9.1-year follow-up period, with a total incidence rate of 65.5 per 1000 person years (males 59.8 per 1000 person years vs females 71.6 per 1000 person years). Patients treated with surgery or radiotherapy had a higher risk of VF progression in this cohort (P = 0.030). Conclusions: In this cohort of long-term, well-controlled acromegalic patients, the prevalence and progression of VFs was high, showing that the deleterious effects of GH and IGF-1 excess on bone persist despite achievement of longstanding remission.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document