Paul Grice

Philosophy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Benton
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Philosophy Of Perception ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Logical Paradoxes ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Paul Grice ◽  
British Philosopher

Herbert Paul Grice (b. 1913–d. 1988) was a British philosopher and linguist, and one of the pivotal figures in philosophy during the 20th century. He wrote in many areas of philosophy, including the metaphysics of personal identity, logical paradoxes, the analytic/synthetic distinction, the philosophy of perception, philosophical psychology, and ethics. He also wrote on historical figures such as Aristotle, Descartes, Hume, and Kant. But his most significant contributions came in philosophy of language and mind, on meaning, intention, presupposition, conversation, and the theory of communication. Grice argued for an intention-based theory of meaning, and he was the first to illustrate the distinction between what came to be called semantic and pragmatic meaning, that is, between what a speaker’s utterance (or its utterance “type”) means in the abstract, and what else a speaker can mean by uttering it in a particular context. Grice highlighted this by an appeal to his framework of the Cooperative Principle and its Conversational Maxims, which are plausibly assumed by conversational participants and provide mechanisms for the ways in which speakers can “conversationally implicate” something beyond the literal meaning of what they say, and for how hearers can recover those “implicatures.’” Grice’s enduring influence on these topics helped found the burgeoning discipline in philosophy of language and linguistics now known as “pragmatics” (compare the Oxford Bibliographies in Philosophy article on “Pragmatics”).

Language and Meaning in the Age of Modernism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James McElvenny
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Vienna Circle ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Personal Connection ◽  
International Language ◽  
Academic Philosophy ◽  
Significant Figures ◽  
Basic English ◽  
And Linguistics

This book is a historical study of influential currents in the philosophy of language and linguistics of the first half of the twentieth century, explored from the perspective of the English scholar C. K. Ogden (1889–1957). Although no ‘Great Man’ in his own right, Ogden had a personal connection, reflected in his work, to several of the most significant figures of the age. The background to the ideas espoused in Ogden’s book The Meaning of Meaning, co-authored with I.A. Richards (1893–1979), is examined in detail, along with the application of these ideas in his international language project Basic English. A richly interlaced network of connections is revealed between early analytic philosophy, semiotics and linguistics, all inevitably shaped by the contemporary cultural and political environment. In particular, significant interaction is shown between Ogden’s ideas, the varying versions of ‘logical atomism’ of Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) and Ludwig Wittgensten (1889–1951), Victoria Lady Welby’s (1837–1912) ‘significs’, and the philosophy and political activism of Otto Neurath (1882–1945) and Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) of the Vienna Circle. Amid these interactions emerges a previously little known mutual exchange between the academic philosophy and linguistics of the period and the practically oriented efforts of the international language movement.

Berensonian Formalism and Pragmatist Perception

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oliver O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
William James ◽  
Walter Pater ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
Philosophy Of Perception ◽  
20Th Century Art ◽  
Pragmatist Philosophy

The ramified legacy of Bernard Berenson’s writings within 20th century art historiography is both celebrated and maligned. In an effort to help reconcile this situation, this essay argues for the partial validity of Berenson’s peculiar version of art historical formalism by detailing its historical connections to the Pragmatist philosophy and psychology of William James and by analytically correlating Berenson’s arguments with recent work in aesthetics and the philosophy of perception. The essay examines the specific example of Berenson’s analysis of Giotto’s paintings and leverages a Pragmatist interpretation of Berenson’s writings to frame Berenson’s known connections with other writers: including Adolf Hildebrand, Giovanni Morelli, and Walter Pater. In conclusion, the failure, potential, reception, and legacy of Berenson’s art historical scholarship are assessed in relation to Pragmatist ideas. Der vielfältige Einfluss von Bernard Berensons Schriften auf die Kunstgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts wird ebenso geschätzt wie verachtet. In dem Bestreben, diese Divergenzen zu berichtigen, versucht dieser Beitrag den Nachweis für die bedingte Gültigkeit von Berensons eigentümlicher Variante eines kunsthistorischen Formalismus zu erbringen, indem er einerseits seine historischen Verbindungen zur pragmatischen Philosophie und Psychologie von William James aufzeigt und indem er andererseits Berensons Argumentation ins Verhältnis zu aktuellen Debatten der wahrnehmungstheoretischen Ästhetik und Philosophie setzt. Am Beispiel von Berensons Interpretation der Gemälde Giottos führt dieser Essay eine pragmatische Analyse von Berensons Schriften durch und stellt diese ins Umfeld seiner Kontakte zu anderen Autoren: darunter Adolf Hildebrand, Giovanni Morelli und Walter Pater. Schließlich soll das Scheitern, das Potenzial, die Rezeption und das Erbe von Berensons kunsthistorischen Studien unter pragmatischen Gesichtspunkten bewertet werden.

The Metaphysics of Jonathan Edwards’s “Personal Narrative”: Continuous Creation, Personal Identity, and Spiritual Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-206
Author(s):  
Christopher Woznicki
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Personal Narrative ◽  
Jonathan Edwards ◽  
Textual Evidence ◽  
Continuous Creation ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
The One

Summary Central to evangelical piety is the theme of “conversionism”. Among historical figures who embody this characteristic of evangelical piety one finds that Jonathan Edwards plays an important role, in part, because of his 1740 “Personal Narrative”. In this essay I examine the metaphysics underlying Edwards’s view of conversion in his “Personal Narrative”. Special attention is given to Edwards’s doctrine of continuous creation and to a feature that underlies his understanding of spiritual development, namely the One-Subject Criterion. I weigh two options for how Edwards may coherently hold to continuous creation and the One-Subject Criterion: Mark Hamilton’s relative realism/endurance account and Edwardsean Anti-Criterialism. I conclude that given the textual evidence Edwardsean Anti-Criterialism is to be preferred over Hamilton’s view.

The Language of Fiction

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
New Research ◽  
Fictional Names ◽  
Philosophy Of Fiction ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Literary Techniques ◽  
Fictional Story ◽  
Fictional Truth

The Language of Fiction brings together new research on fiction from philosophy and linguistics. Fiction is a topic that has long been studied in philosophy. Yet recently there has been a surge of work on fictional discourse in the intersection between linguistics and philosophy of language. There has been a growing interest in examining long-standing issues concerning fiction from a perspective informed both by philosophy and linguistic theory. The Language of Fiction contains fourteen essays by leading scholars in both fields, as well as a substantial Introduction by the editors. The collection is organized in three parts, each with their own introduction. Part I, “Truth, reference, and imagination”, offers new, interdisciplinary perspectives on some of the central themes from the philosophy of fiction: What is fictional truth? How do fictional names refer? What kind of speech act is involved in telling a fictional story? What is the relation between fiction and imagination? Part II, “Storytelling”, deals with themes originating from the study of narrative: How do we infer a coherent story from a sequence of event descriptions? And how do we interpret the words of impersonal or unreliable narrators? Part III, “Perspective shift”, zooms in on an alleged key characteristic of fictional narratives, viz. the way we get access to the fictional characters’ inner lives, through a variety of literary techniques for representing what they say, think, or see.

scholarly journals COOPERATIVE AND POLITENESS PRINCIPLES IN UTTERANCES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-283
Author(s):  
Asri Syawalia ◽  
Dini Wulansari ◽  
Asrul Munazar
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Paul Grice ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

A cooperative and polite language is required to achieve the goal of conversation, either to deliver an idea or express feelings. In spite of that, the rule of cooperative principle proposed by Paul Grice is different from the rule of politeness principle proposed by Geoffrey Leech. Therefore, this study aims to find out the application of both principles and the relation between the two of them in utterances. To conduct this study, an American movie titled Isn't It Romantic was chosen as the subject. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative. The findings show that there are 53 data of the application of cooperative and politeness principles. Therefore, there is a correlation between the cooperative and politeness principles in the conversations of this movie. The result of this study is expected to be a guideline to create an ideal conversation in society.

The curse of the perceptual: a case from kinaesthesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kolaiti
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Conceptual Representations ◽  
And Linguistics

AbstractDebate in philosophy of language and linguistics has focused on conceptual representations/propositional thought; as a result there has been little discussion on the effability of

Bald-faced lies as acts of verbal aggression

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Meibauer
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
The Face

Several philosophy of language scholars have recently argued that the intention to deceive is not part of a well-defined concept of lying. So-called bald-faced lies, i.e., asserting what is false while speaker and hearer both understand that the speaker does not believe what s/he asserts are provided as evidence. In contrast to these proposals, it is pointed out in this article that lying is necessarily connected to an intention to deceive. Consequently, it is argued that so-called bald-faced lies are not proper lies but acts of verbal aggression. Since bald-faced lies attack the face of the addressee and the viability of the Cooperative Principle (Grice 1989a), they are analyzed as insults. Thus, the traditional idea that lying is connected to the intention to deceive is upheld.

scholarly journals Урбананімічны дыскурс у постсавецкай Беларусі

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 212-250
Author(s):  
Юры [Jerzy] Гардзееў [Gordziejew]
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Urban Place ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
Current State ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Semantic Types ◽  
Place Naming

Urbanonymic discourse in the post-Soviet BelarusThis article attempts to analyze the current state of the Belarusian urban namespace. This toponymic study covers selected Belarusian cities and shows the clash of different discourses and strategies of social memory. Since the mid-nineteenth century state authorities intervened with urban place naming and created a symbolic space of the Belarusian city. During the 20th century names of urban objects were replaced completely. The aim of the paper is to discuss different approaches to the policy of urban place names.Characteristic motivational-semantic features of Belarusian urbanonymic design of the last 25 years are in coexistence with different semantic types, predominance of Soviet street names to the detriment of Belarusian. Thus it should be noted that the policies of current authorities seek to preserve Soviet toponimical heritage. Therefore street names still reflect historical figures and values of Soviet history.On the other hand the formation of the urbanonyms of Belarusian connotation is connected not so much with the decommunization of the urban landscape, but with the process of nomination of streets arising mainly for newly established streets in new districts in the outskirts of towns. No doubt, the only exception is Maladzechna where in the 1990s urban toponymy space had been decommunized.Finally, the article discusses numerous examples of Belarusian toponymic activism.  Dyskurs urbanonimiczny na postsowieckiej BiałorusiArtykuł stanowi próbę zarysowania problematyki współczesnego stanu białoruskiego systemu urbanonimicznego. Analiza zbiorów toponimicznych wybranych miast białoruskich ukazuje zderzenie różnych dyskursów i strategii pamięci społecznej. Głównym aktorem, który od połowy XIX w. przez praktyki upamiętniające kreuje przestrzeń symboliczną białoruskiego miasta, jest instytucja państwa. W XX w. pod wpływem czynników pozalingwistycznych nasiliła się tendencja przemianowania nazw realnoznaczeniowych na nazwy pamiątkowe.Ze względu na fluktuację ustrojowo-polityczną ostatnich dwudziestu pięciu lat miejską przestrzeń nazewniczą cechuje nakładanie się odmiennych pod względem semantycznym zbiorów nazw ulicznych, dominacja radzieckiej spuścizny toponimicznej, wynikająca z priorytetów aksjologicznych obecnych władz.Z kolei pojawienie się nazw o białoruskiej konotacji ma związek nie tyle z procesem dekomunizacji przestrzeni miejskiej, ile z procesem nominacji ulic, powstających przeważnie w nowych dzielnicach. Jedyny wyjątek stanowi zespół urbanonimiczny Mołodeczna, gdzie jeszcze na początku lat 90. XX w. dokonano dekomunizacji przestrzeni symbolicznej miasta.W artykule omówiono też zagadnienie białoruskiego aktywizmu toponimicznego.

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