Teresa of Avila

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth T. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Family Background ◽  
Woman Writer ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Teresa Of Avila ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Interior Castle ◽  
Teresa De Jesus ◽  
The Church

Teresa of Avila (b. 1515–d. 1582), also known as Santa Teresa de Jesús, is arguably the foremost woman writer of 16th-century Spain. She also represented in her family background and her life’s work the currents roiling the Spain of her time and place. The child of a converso (converted Jewish) father and an “old Christian” mother, her very family name had been adjusted to obscure the paternal background. In her forties she began the reform of the Carmelite order for both men and women as part of what came to be known as the Counter-Reformation. Her written works ranged from the autobiographical Vida (Life), ostensibly penned at the request of her confessor, as well as the mystical Castillo interior o las moradas (Interior castle or the mansions); a treatise on prayer composed for her nuns called Camino de perfección (Way of perfection); an account of the convents she established, Fundaciones (Foundations); and numerous Cartas (Letters). As a mystic her writings influenced generations of other authors, both Catholic and non-Catholic through the centuries, even as it invited the scrutiny of the Inquisition. Although not published during her lifetime, her major works saw print not long after her death and were translated into most of the European languages shortly thereafter. Canonized in 1622, she was also the first woman to be declared a Doctor of the Church, in 1970. In the more than four hundred years since her death, works about her number in the thousands. They consider her life and works—both written and foundational—from a variety of perspectives. The present bibliography is by no means complete, but it offers a starting point for further research.

Scent of a Mystic Woman: Teresa de Jesús and the Interior Castle

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Carrión
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Spiritual Experiences ◽  
The Sublime ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Interior Castle ◽  
Medieval Iberia ◽  
The Law ◽  
Teresa De Jesus ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractIn 1577 Teresa de Jesús composed the Interior Castle, an account of her spiritual experiences that deployed architectural images designed to incite readers to piety and devotion. Critical readings have identified the castle as a spiritual and aesthetic emblem of Christian hegemony, emplotting de Jesús's works in the rhetorical frame of Reconquista narratives. But the Castle, like the houses in the 1562 Book of Life and the palaces in the 1562-1564 Way of Perfection, moves readers to remember landscapes that differ from a monocultural event, as it narrates the ultimate spiritual encounter in frank dissidence with the hegemonic politics and aesthetics of Catholicism that became the law of the land in Spain after 1492. In line with a diversity of medieval mystical traditions from Europe and the Middle East, the choice of a castle—a key architectural sign of the Middle Ages—as the place of paradox, memory, and experience of the sublime offers clues that de Jesús figured out a way to communicate what seemed to be an unaccountable event in Counter-Reformation Spain: being in the presence of divinity and living to tell such story in cross-confessional terms. This essay analyzes the polysemic traces of the castle built by this mystic woman with the figurative fragrance of multicultural medieval Iberia, a space where she carefully negotiated war, crusades, and other kingdoms of heaven with contemplation, survival (pervivencia), and adaptation.

Divine Action in the Christian Life in Teresa of Avila

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Divine Action ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Teresa Of Avila ◽  
Interior Castle ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Standard Action ◽  
Action Verbs ◽  
The Church

In this chapter, the author articulates and examines what Teresa of Avila claims about divine action and human action in the Christian life, or in her terms, the Christian soul. The author pays critical attention to her work The Interior Castle, which charts her journey in grace within the framework of the doctrinal and liturgical life of the church. He notes that there is little treatment of the standard action verbs latent in the tradition, like regeneration, justification, and baptism in the Spirit. This is due to the fact that she is relying not on theological inquiries for her work, but her own personal journey in the church with the help of confessors. Teresa thus expands the horizon of what God can do in the life of the church and in the individual believer.

Dreams Give Birth to Reality”. Engraving Austroseraphicum Coelum as an Attempt to Create a New Reality by the Spanish Habsburgs Dynastic Propaganda / Sny rodzą rzeczywistość…”. Grafika Austroseraphicum Coelum jako próba kreowania nowej rzeczywistości za pomocą propagandy dynastycznej Habsburgów hiszpańskich

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kurowiak
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Symbolic System ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Mission Of God ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church

AbstractAs a work of propaganda, graphics Austroseraphicum Coelum Paulus Pontius should create a new reality, make appearances. The main impression while seeing the graphics is the admiration for the power of Habsburgs, which interacts with the power of the Mother of God. She, in turn, refers the viewer to God, as well as Franciscans placed on the graphic, they become a symbol of the Church. This is a starting point for further interpretation of the drawing. By the presence of certain characters, allegories, symbols, we can see references to a particular political situation in the Netherlands - the war with the northern provinces of Spain. The message of the graphic is: the Spanish Habsburgs, commissioned by the mission of God, they are able to fight all of the enemies, especially Protestants, with the help of Immaculate and the Franciscans. The main aim of the graphic is to convince the viewer that this will happen and to create in his mind a vision of the new reality. But Spain was in the seventeenth century nothing but a shadow of former itself (in the time of Philip IV the general condition of Spain get worse). That was the reason why they wanted to hold the belief that the empire continues unwavering. The form of this work (graphics), also allowed to export them around the world, and the ambiguity of the symbolic system, its contents relate to different contexts, and as a result, the Habsburgs, not only Spanish, they could promote their strength everywhere. Therefore it was used very well as a single work of propaganda, as well as a part of a broader campaign

Culture and the Spanish Civil War - A Fascist View: 1936-1939

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kessel Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Scientific Investigation ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
Spanish Inquisition ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Foreign Ideas ◽  
The Church

Almost from the inception of the Spanish Inquisition which sought to stifle scientific investigation and philosophical speculation while rejecting foreign ideologies, contrary currents existed in Spain. The liberal humanistic movement headed by Erasmus preached intellectual freedom and a defense of interior religión. This ideology never disappeared in Spain in spite of the formation of the Company of Jesus by Ignacio de Loyola and the efforts of Spanish theologians who promoted the Counter Reformation at the Council of Trent. Under Felipe II foreign ideas were forbidden as heretical and interpretations independent of the Church were stifled. Nevertheless, criticism of the status quo continued. Reginaldo González Montano wrote the first attack on the Inquisition, Sanctae Inquisitioms Hispanicae in 1567.

Bernini's S. Andrea al Quirinale: Payments and Planning

1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Connors
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Account ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Church

S. Andrea al Quirinale was Bernini's architectural masterpiece. A detailed account in the Jesuit Archives now allows a more exact chronology and shows how the design evolved over a fourteen-year period, 1658-1672. The church, which is often compared to a jewelbox, is used as the starting point for a discussion of various attitudes to wealth on the part of baroque architects and patrons. The issue of Bernini's classicism as an architect is discussed with reference to his use of geometry and his development as a designer of church façades. The famous rivalry between Bernini and Borromini is seen as a result of fundamental differences of principle, though some examples are presented from the late 17th and early 18th centuries which show attempts to reconcile the styles and approaches of the two unfriendly geniuses.

scholarly journals The Effect of Family Background on Student Effort

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë Kuehn ◽  
Pedro Landeras
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Marginal Productivity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Student Effort ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
University Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Students from more advantageous family backgrounds tend to perform better than those from less advantageous backgrounds. But it is not clear that these students exert more effort. We build a model of students, schools, and employers to study the interaction of family background and effort exerted by the student in the education process. Two factors turn out to be key in determining the relationship between effort and family background: (i) the student’s attitude toward risk and (ii) how the student’s marginal productivity of effort depends on her family background. We show that when the degree of risk aversion is relatively low (high) compared to the sensitivity of the marginal productivity of effort, students from more advantageous family backgrounds exert more (less) effort. Empirically, we find that if parental education was reduced from holding a university degree to incomplete compulsory education, primary and secondary school students would exert around 21–23% less effort (approximately equal to a reduction of 2 hours weekly in homework). For primary school students we also find that marginal productivities of effort are higher for those from less advantageous family backgrounds.

Book Review: Teresa of Avila—The Interior Castle

1983 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-296
Author(s):  
E. Glenn Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Teresa Of Avila ◽  
Interior Castle

The Fresco Cycle of Saint Maria Maddalena De’ Pazzi (1566–1607)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-454
Author(s):  
Michal Shalit-Kollender
Keyword(s):  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
The Church ◽  
Fresco Cycle

Abstract Saint Maria Maddalena de’ Pazzi, a Florentine Carmelite nun and mystic, was recognized as a saint in 1669. After her canonization, a church in Florence was renovated and renamed Santa Maria Maddalena de’ Pazzi, and new artworks were commissioned for it. This article will explore in detail a series of ten frescoes on the top section of the walls in the church, part of the renovation. Although these works are part of the saint’s public iconography and depict major narratives of her cult, they have not been studied in depth to date. Though the scenes have meaning to a general Catholic audience, they appeal to different audiences—the Carmelite nuns, the local Florentine population, and the post-Counter Reformation believer—to differing degrees, the scenes with Jesuit undertones aimed particular at the latter group.

scholarly journals The Influence of Entrepreneurship Education and Family Background on Students’ Entrepreneurial Interest in Nutritious Traditional Food Start Ups in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.9) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Hidayat ◽  
Yuliana .
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Traditional Food ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Entrepreneurial Education ◽  
Traditional Foods ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Start Ups

The entrepreneurial interest of students in higher education tends to be low,albeit the introduction of entrepreneurial education at colleges and universities. There is no exception of lack of interest in entrepreneurship at traditional food businesses where these businesses in Indonesia have an unlimited market share, higher profit, lower riskof loss, and continuous innovation. Entrepreneurial education is not the only determinant asthe students' environment, especially their family background also has an important role in influencing and building student entrepreneur interest. Hence,this study assesses the influence of entrepreneurship education and family background towards the interest of entrepreneurs especially in nutritious traditional foods based on a sample of 150 higher educationstudents. Data was collected usingquestionnaire whiledata was analysed usingdescriptive and multiple regression analyses. The results of the studyshow that entrepreneurial education as well as family background positively affect students’ entrepreneurial interest in traditional food. Therefore, entrepreneurship education should become a serious concern in higher education as can be one the students’ starting point in building the interest and spirit of entrepreneurs. 

scholarly journals PEMAHAMAN GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KATOLIK TENTANG TUGAS MISIONER GEREJA DAN PELAKSANAANNYA DI SLTA KATOLIK KOTA MADIUN

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-115
Author(s):  
Aloysius Iryanto ◽  
Don Bosco Karnan Ardijanto
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
High Schools ◽  
Catholic Schools ◽  
Catholic School ◽  
Catholic High Schools ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Religious Educators ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

The Sacrament of Baptism and of Confirmation urge the faithful to participate in the mission of the Church. One of various realizations of the Church’s mission is running the Catholic Schools.  In other words, all members of a Catholic school: teachers, employees, students, foundations or parents, are called and sent to be involved in the mission of the Church. One of the fruits of carrying out Church missionary duties in Catholic schools is baptism. In 2012-2016 the number of baptisms in the Catholic High Schools in the city of Madiun was 15 people. Starting from the above, several questions can be asked as the starting point of this research: 1) What is the Church’s mission? 2) What is the Church’s mission according to the Catholoc religious educators? 3) How do the Catholic religious educators implement the Church’s mission in the Catholic Senior High Schools in Madiun city? This study aims: describing the understanding of the Church’s mission, to analyze the understanding of Religious Educators on the Church’s mission and to analyze how the religious educators to realize the Church’s mission in the Catholic Senior High Schools in the Madiun city. To achieve these objectives, researcher used qualitative research methods with interview techniques. The respondents of this study were religious educators in four Catholic Senior High Schools in Madiun. The results of the study show that: 1) The Religious Educators know the understanding of the Church’s mission. 2) All faithful are responsible to participate in the Church’s mission. 3) The Religious Educators had to be responsible and to involve in the Church’s mission in Catholic Senior High Schools. 4) The Religious Educators had already done and implemented the Church’s mission in their schools. In fact, there were some difficulties come from extern or intern of the schools.

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