Development of a quantitative antigen assay to detect coccidioidal chitinase-1 (CTS1) in human serum

Abstract Background Coccidioidomycosis is often diagnosed with a collection of tests that rely on the patient’s ability to mount an immune response to the fungus (antibody-based diagnostics), making diagnosis of this infection challenging. Here we present an antigen-based assay that detects and quantifies coccidioidal chitinase-1 (CTS1) in human serum. Methods An inhibition-based enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was developed that utilizes a monoclonal antibody specific for coccidioidal CTS1. CTS1 was quantified in commercial antigen preparations using recombinant CTS1 as a standard. Sera from 192 individuals from an endemic area were tested which included 78 patients (40.6%) with proven or probable coccidioidomycosis. Results The quantity of CTS1 in diagnostic commercial antigen preparations from different suppliers varied. CTS1 antigenemia was detected in 87.2% of patients with proven or probable coccidioidomycosis. Specificity was determined to be 96.94% using serum from individuals who reside in the Phoenix, Arizona area who did not have coccidioidomycosis. Levels of CTS1 correlated with low- and high-titer serology from patients with a coccidioidomycosis diagnosis. Conclusions Since the CTS1 inhibition ELISA described in this report does not depend on the host immune response, it is a promising diagnostic tool to aid in diagnosis and disease monitoring of coccidioidomycosis.

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Development of a quantitative antigen assay to detect coccidioidal chitinase-1 (CTS1) in human serum

10.1101/2021.05.14.21257226 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francisca J Grill ◽

Thomas E Grys ◽

Marie F Grill ◽

Alexa J Roeder ◽

Janis E Blair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Immune Response ◽

Human Serum ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Endemic Area ◽

High Titer ◽

Disease Monitoring ◽

Inhibition Elisa ◽

Antigen Assay ◽

The Phoenix

Background. Coccidioidomycosis is often diagnosed with a collection of tests that rely on the patient′s ability to mount an immune response to the fungus (antibody-based diagnostics), making diagnosis of this infection challenging. Here we present an antigen-based assay that detects and quantifies coccidioidal chitinase-1 (CTS1) in human serum. Methods. An inhibition-based enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was developed that utilizes a monoclonal antibody specific for coccidioidal CTS1. CTS1 was quantified in commercial antigen preparations using recombinant CTS1 as a standard. Sera from 192 individuals from an endemic area were tested which included 78 patients (40.6%) with proven or probable coccidioidomycosis. Results. The quantity of CTS1 in diagnostic commercial antigen preparations from different suppliers varied. CTS1 antigenemia was detected in 87.2% of patients with proven or probable coccidioidomycosis. Specificity was determined to be 96.94% using serum from individuals who reside in the Phoenix, Arizona area who did not have coccidioidomycosis. Levels of CTS1 correlated with low- and high-titer serology from patients with a coccidioidomycosis diagnosis. Conclusions. Since the CTS1 inhibition ELISA described in this report does not depend on the host immune response, it is a promising diagnostic tool to aid in diagnosis and disease monitoring of coccidioidomycosis.

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High-dose cyclophosphamide inhibition of humoral immune response to murine monoclonal antibody 3F8 in neuroblastoma patients: Broad implications for immunotherapy

Pediatric Blood & Cancer ◽

10.1002/pbc.20765 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 430-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Brian H. Kushner ◽

Irene Y. Cheung ◽

Kim Kramer ◽

Shakeel Modak ◽

Nai-Kong V. Cheung

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Murine Monoclonal Antibody ◽

High Dose ◽

Humoral Immune

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Development of a monoclonal antibody-based immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of tigecycline in human serum

Analytical Methods ◽

10.1039/d0ay02182b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chuanlai Xu ◽

qianqian lu ◽

Xin-Xin Xu ◽

Shanshan Song ◽

aihong wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Human Serum ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Immunochromatographic Assay ◽

Immunochromatographic Strip

In this study, a gold labelled immunochromatographic assay was developed to detect tigecycline (TGC) in human serum. For this purpose, an anti-TGC monoclonal antibody, 2G7, was produced and characterized, and...

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SCOPE enables type III CRISPR-Cas diagnostics using flexible targeting and stringent CARF ribonuclease activation

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-25337-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jurre A. Steens ◽

Yifan Zhu ◽

David W. Taylor ◽

Jack P. K. Bravo ◽

Stijn H. P. Prinsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Nasal Swab ◽

Rna Binding ◽

Seed Region ◽

Base Pairing ◽

Specific Detection ◽

Type Iii ◽

Single Host ◽

Target Rna

AbstractCharacteristic properties of type III CRISPR-Cas systems include recognition of target RNA and the subsequent induction of a multifaceted immune response. This involves sequence-specific cleavage of the target RNA and production of cyclic oligoadenylate (cOA) molecules. Here we report that an exposed seed region at the 3′ end of the crRNA is essential for target RNA binding and cleavage, whereas cOA production requires base pairing at the 5′ end of the crRNA. Moreover, we uncover that the variation in the size and composition of type III complexes within a single host results in variable seed regions. This may prevent escape by invading genetic elements, while controlling cOA production tightly to prevent unnecessary damage to the host. Lastly, we use these findings to develop a new diagnostic tool, SCOPE, for the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 from human nasal swab samples, revealing sensitivities in the atto-molar range.

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ELISA for a complexed antigen with a monoclonal antibody blocking reaction with the free antigen—assay-specific for complexed prostate-specific antigen

Journal of Immunological Methods ◽

10.1016/s0022-1759(99)00209-4 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 234 (1-2) ◽

pp. 99-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kyoichi Matsumoto ◽

Noboru Konishi ◽

Tomohiro Samori ◽

Emi Kimura ◽

Michiko Doi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Antigen Assay ◽

Free Antigen

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The development of schistosomiasis mansoni in an immunologically naive immigrant population in Masongaleni, Kenya

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182098002935 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 123-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J. H. OUMA ◽

A. J. C. FULFORD ◽

H. C. KARIUKI ◽

G. KIMANI ◽

R. F. STURROCK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Water Contact ◽

Immunological Responses ◽

Schistosomiasis Mansoni ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Duration Of Infection ◽

Per Se ◽

Time Required

The relocation of several thousand members of the Kamba tribe from the Kyulu Hills to the Thange valley near Masongaleni in Kenya provides an excellent opportunity to study the development of the immune response to schistosomiasis mansoni in a population with little or no previous experience of the infection. An adjacent, well-established Kamba community with similar patterns of water contact provides a suitable endemic control population. The immigrants were, uniquely, examined shortly after their arrival in the endemic area, while the prevalence of infection was still low. At this time faecal egg counts peaked atypically around 30 years of age. Over the next 12–18 months infection increased rapidly, especially among teenagers, producing a pattern of infection more typical of endemic communities. This substantially narrows estimates of the time required to develop the important determinants of the age–intensity profile, supporting the notion that changes related to age per se, rather than duration of infection, dominate. Age-dependent factors might include behaviour or physiology, including immune response. This paper provides the background for continuing longitudinal studies on the development of immunological responses to this parasite.

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A Humanized Anti–4-1BB Monoclonal Antibody Suppresses Antigen-Induced Humoral Immune Response in Nonhuman Primates

Journal of Immunotherapy ◽

10.1097/00002371-200011000-00002 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 613-621 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Hyo J. Hong ◽

Jae W. Lee ◽

Sung Sup Park ◽

Young Jun Kang ◽

Sun Young Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Nonhuman Primates ◽

Humoral Immune

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Serosurvey of Rickettsia spp. in dogs and humans from an endemic area for Brazilian spotted fever in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2008000200003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 247-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Adriano Pinter ◽

Maurício C. Horta ◽

Richard C. Pacheco ◽

Jonas Moraes-Filho ◽

Marcelo B. Labruna

Keyword(s):

Human Serum ◽

Endemic Area ◽

Spotted Fever ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

The Other ◽

São Paulo ◽

Human Sera ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Brazilian Spotted Fever

The present study provides a rickettsial serosurvey in 25 dogs and 35 humans in an endemic area for Brazilian spotted fever in the State of São Paulo, where the tick Amblyomma aureolatum is the main vector. Testing canine and human sera by indirect immunofluorescence against four Rickettsia antigens (R. rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. felis and R. bellii) showed that 16 (64%) of canine sera and 1 (2.8%) of human sera reacted to at least one of these rickettsial antigens with titers <FONT FACE=Symbol>³</FONT> 64. Seven canine sera and the single reactive human serum showed titers to R. rickettsii at least four times those of any of the other three antigens. The antibody titers in these 7 animals and 1 human were attributed to stimulation by R. rickettsii infection. No positive canine or human serum was attributed to stimulation by R. parkeri, R. felis, or R. bellii. Our serological results showed that dogs are important sentinels for the presence of R. rickettsii in areas where the tick A. aureolatum is the main vector of Brazilian spotted fever.

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