scholarly journals Primary adrenal lymphoma: a case of hiccups

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4-5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylan Pathmanathan ◽  
Venkata Kodali ◽  
Abdulrazak Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Primary Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Biopsy ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Adrenal Masses

Abstract Approximately 250 cases of primary adrenal lymphoma have been reported. We describe an unusual presentation of this condition. Our patient is a 65-year-old male whom presented to the emergency department with 4 days of severe persistent hiccups. He had lost 26 kg in weight in the preceding 4 months. Computed tomography abdomen revealed large invasive bilateral adrenal masses. Biochemical evaluation confirmed adrenal insufficiency. Hiccups resolved within 24 h of steroid replacement. Adrenal biopsy confirmed a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Hypotheses for the aetiology of his hiccups include diaphragmatic irritation and primary adrenal insufficiency. This case is interesting for its rarity involving bilateral adrenal glands, Addison’s disease from the primary adrenal tumour and rapid resolution of hiccups with corticosteroid therapy.

scholarly journals Bilateral Adrenal Incidentalomas, Uncommon Presentation and Very Rare Pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A119-A119
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khair Ahmad Ibraheem Hamad ◽  
Ahmed Osman Saleh ◽  
Emad Naem
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenal Mass ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Primary Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adrenal Masses

Abstract Background: Adrenal incidentaloma is an adrenal mass larger than 1cm accidentally discovered by radiological examination. The incidentalomas should be evaluated for malignancy and functionality. The prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma is 4–10%,1 and around 10–15% of incidentally discovered adrenal masses can be bilateral.2 We present a patient with bilateral adrenal masses due to primary adrenal lymphoma. Clinical Case: 74-year-old gentleman, with past medical history of type-2 Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, presented to our hospital with 2 months history of right-sided flank pain, 20 kg weight loss, loss of appetite and dizziness. Otherwise, no fever, night sweats, bleeding per rectum or urinary symptoms. On physical examination, vital signs were within normal, no remarkable findings other than tenderness over the right flank. Complete blood count and chemistry panel were within normal. Abdominal CT scan was done for evaluation of the abdominal pain which showed two large masses replacing the adrenal glands measure about 10cm in diameter with patchy areas of enhancement. Adrenal insufficiency was suspected based on the symptoms and the CT scan findings. Short syncatin test (high-dose test 250mcg) was done, which showed a cortisol baseline 152nmol/L, 30 minutes 168nmol/L, and 60 minutes 169nmol/L. This was suggestive of adrenal insufficiency, so he was started on hydrocortisone. Screening for pheochromocytoma was done as the patient developed uncontrolled BP readings prior to a scheduled adrenal biopsy. 24-hour urine metanephrines and normetanephrine were negative. CT-guided adrenal mass biopsy showed findings suggestive of large B-cell lymphoma. FDG PET-CT scan showed huge bilateral intense FDG uptake in the adrenal glands with no extra-abdominal manifestations noted. He was started on R-CHOP chemotherapy and after 4cycles, a PET scan showed a significant decrease in the size of previous adrenal masses. Conclusion: Bilateral adrenal incidentaloma should be evaluated the same as unilateral adrenal mass. Although adrenal involvement is common in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, primary adrenal lymphoma is extremely uncommon. References 1.Bovio S, Cataldi A, Reimondo G, Sperone P, Novello S, Berruti A, Borasio P, Fava C, Dogliotti L, Scagliotti GV, Angeli A, Terzolo M. Prevalence of adrenal incidentaloma in a contemporary computerized tomography series. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006 Apr;29(4):298–302. doi: 10.1007/BF03344099. PMID: 16699294. 2.Angeli A, Osella G, Alì A, Terzolo M. Adrenal incidentaloma: an overview of clinical and epidemiological data from the National Italian Study Group. Horm Res. 1997;47(4–6):279–83. doi: 10.1159/000185477. PMID: 9167965.

scholarly journals Gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with bilateral adrenal metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e229758
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassan ◽  
Amrendra Kumar Mandal ◽  
Jasdeep Singh Sidhu ◽  
Luz Maria Cardenas
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Severe Hypotension ◽  
Adrenal Masses ◽  
Hormonal Analysis ◽  
Large B Cell

Extranodal adrenal involvement in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is very rare, estimated to be around less than 0.2%. Most common sites involved are stomach, intestine and testis. It is very rare for adrenal tumours to present as primary adrenal insufficiency, with an incidence of around 1.2% in patients diagnosed with adrenal masses. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBL) originating from the stomach and metastasizing to bilateral adrenal glands is an extremely uncommon occurrence with only three cases found on review of the literature. We present a case of a 62-year-old African–American man who presented with nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and hypotension, later being diagnosed as DLBL of the gastric antrum metastasized to bilateral adrenal glands. Initial laboratory workup revealed including hormonal analysis and cosyntropin test revealed adrenal insufficiency. The patient later died during the hospitalisation after developing respiratory failure, severe hypotension refractory to vasopressors and severe metabolic acidosis.

scholarly journals Primary adrenal lymphoma as a cause of adrenal insufficiency, a report of two cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Grønning ◽  
Archana Sharma ◽  
Maria Adele Mastroianni ◽  
Bo Daniel Karlsson ◽  
Eystein S Husebye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
List Type ◽  
Primary Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Masses ◽  
Learning Points

Summary Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a rare cause of adrenal insufficiency. More than 90% is of B-cell origin. The condition is bilateral in up to 75% of cases, with adrenal insufficiency in two of three patients. We report two cases of adrenal insufficiency presenting at the age of 70 and 79 years, respectively. Both patients had negative 21-hydroxylase antibodies with bilateral adrenal lesions on CT. Biopsy showed B-cell lymphoma. One of the patients experienced intermittent disease regression on replacement dosage of glucocorticoids. Learning points: Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a rare cause of adrenal insufficiency. Bilateral adrenal masses of unknown origin or in individuals with suspected extra-adrenal malignancy should be biopsied quickly when pheochromocytoma is excluded biochemically. Steroid treatment before biopsy may affect diagnosis. Adrenal insufficiency with negative 21-hydroxylase antibodies should be evaluated radiologically.

scholarly journals Bilateral Primary Adrenal Lymphoma Presenting with Adrenal Insufficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Holm ◽  
Leif Breum ◽  
Katrine Stenfeldt ◽  
Mette Friberg Hitz
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Primary Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Tomography Scan

Lymphoma may occasionally involve the adrenal glands, but primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is very rare and only few cases have been reported. We present a case of a 60-year-old, otherwise healthy, woman, with bilateral PAL presenting with adrenal insufficiency. The patient responded initially upon administration of large doses of intravenously hydrocortisone with total remission of symptoms. An abdominal computerized tomography scan demonstrated bilateral adrenal lesions but did not demonstrate any other pathology. Since metastatic malignant disease was suspected a positron-emission-tomography scan was performed only showing significant uptake in the adrenal glands. Endocrine evaluation did not reveal abnormal function of any hormonal system and the patient was scheduled for bilateral adrenalectomy. However the clinical condition deteriorated rapidly and the patient was readmitted to hospital before surgery was performed. A new computerized tomography scan showed rapid progression of disease with further enlargement of the adrenal masses and both pulmonary and hepatic metastasis. Needle biopsy was performed but the patient refused further treatment and died before a diagnosis was obtained. The immuneohistochemical diagnosis was large B-cell lymphoma. This case should remind clinicians that PAL may be a cause of bilateral adrenal incidentaloma especially if the patient presents with adrenal insufficiency.

scholarly journals Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the adrenal gland: a rare cause of primary adrenal insufficiency

2016 ◽  
pp. bcr2016214920
Author(s):  
Adriana de Sousa Lages ◽  
Margarida Bastos ◽  
Patrícia Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Carrilho
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Large B Cell

scholarly journals A Novel Diagnostic Model for Primary Adrenal Lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yu ◽  
Qingping Xue ◽  
Fangli Zhou ◽  
Haoming Tian ◽  
Qiao Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Validation Study ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Primary Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Biopsy ◽  
Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Masses

ObjectivePrimary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is easily misdiagnosed as other adrenal masses, such as adrenocortical carcinoma and pheochromocytoma, but patients with PAL benefit little from surgery. The diagnostic method for PAL thus far is limited to adrenal biopsy. In our study, we aimed to develop a quick and efficient diagnostic method for PAL.Methods and ResultsAt the same institution, 505 patients (between 2009 and 2019) and 171 patients (between 2019 and 2020) were separately included in the primary and validation studies. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and radiological characteristics. Four determinants (age, bilateral masses, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lactate dehydrogenase) were selected and further incorporated into a regression model to screen PAL. Accordingly, the nomogram was developed for clinical practice. In the primary study, the nomogram showed good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 95.4% (95% CI, 90.6%–100.0%). Further validation study verified the efficacy of the nomogram, with an AUC of 99.0% (95% CI, 96.9%–100.00%) and 100.0% in all patients and patients with bilateral masses, respectively, and a sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value (PPV)/negative predictive value (NPV) of 66.67%/99.40%/66.67%/99.40%, 66.67%/100%/100%/92.86%, 50%/99.20%/50%/99.20%, and 100%/100%/100%/100%, in all patients, patients with bilateral adrenal masses, patients with nonfunctional adrenal masses, and patients with positive catecholamine results, respectively. The validation study also revealed a diagnostic specificity of 99.35% and 100% for patients with a unilateral adrenal mass and functional PCC, respectively.ConclusionsThe presented nomogram is the first user-friendly diagnostic model for PAL that simplifies the complex diagnostic process into personalized numeric estimates. We deem that patients who score below 50 are less likely to have PAL. We suggest that clinicians should arrange adrenal biopsy and surgery for patients with nonfunctional tumors and overt catecholamine-secreting tumors, respectively, who receive a score of 50 points or higher to confirm the diagnosis as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Suspected Primary Adrenal Lymphoma (PAL) Associated With Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara S Kim ◽  
Kwan Cheng ◽  
Radhika Jaiswal ◽  
Pranisha Gautam-Goyal ◽  
Alyson K Myers
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Biopsy ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Incidentalomas ◽  
Primary Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Masses

Abstract Adrenal incidentalomas, masses noted on imaging performed for other purposes, are common, with 10% to 15% presenting as bilateral adrenal masses. These cases can be challenging as the differential diagnosis is broad, including metastatic disease, primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL), or infection, and often requiring a biopsy if initial biochemical workup is unrevealing. We present here a relevant case description, laboratory and radiologic imaging studies, and discussion of literature. A 62-year-old Korean woman presented with altered mental status and fevers. She was found to have bilateral adrenal incidentalomas and retained acupuncture needles. Adrenal workup did not show biochemical evidence of hormonal excess. Infectious workup was unrevealing, as was a metal/toxin workup due to retained acupuncture needles. Fevers and episodes of hypotension persisted which prevented the patient from obtaining an adrenal biopsy. Bone marrow biopsy was obtained for pancytopenia and revealed B-cell lymphoma with large cell morphology and few histiocytes with hemophagocytosis, raising concern for lymphoma-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). PAL associated with HLH was highly suspected in our patient, given the large (7 cm) bilateral adrenal masses and bone marrow biopsy findings of lymphoma. The patient was treated for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with clinical improvement. PAL is a rare but aggressive lymphoma with few reported cases. It should be considered in the differential for both unilateral and bilateral adrenal masses. An early diagnosis is crucial as the main treatment is chemotherapy rather than surgery and it confers a significant survival benefit.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Primary Bilateral Adrenal Lymphoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Veeraraghavan Meyyur Aravamudan ◽  
Phang Kee Fong ◽  
Yang Shiyao Sam ◽  
Pavel Singh ◽  
Siok-Bian Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Primary Lymphoma ◽  
Chop Chemotherapy ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Synacthen Test ◽  
Adrenal Masses ◽  
Short Synacthen Test

Lymphoma may involve the adrenal glands, but primary lymphoma is rare. Only a few cases have been reported in medical literature. Primary adrenal lymphoma is extremely rare, accounting for <1% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. We here present a case of a middle-aged female who presented with persistent fever for three weeks. She also reported significant weight loss of more than 10 kgs over the duration of three months. Computed tomography of the thorax and abdomen and pelvis demonstrated bilateral adrenal masses. She underwent short Synacthen test which showed evidence of adrenal insufficiency. She underwent CT-guided adrenal gland biopsy. Histology of adrenal gland biopsy showed features consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. She was started on R-CHOP chemotherapy and had a good clinical response and remained in complete remission for five months after chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Primary Adrenal Lymphoma: When B Symptoms Appear Hand in Hand with Adrenal Masses

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lopes Sousa ◽  
Sandra D. Santos ◽  
João Pina Cabral ◽  
Ricardo Velho ◽  
Ana Sofia Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Primary Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Adrenal Lymphoma ◽  
Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia ◽  
The Right

Primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) is a very rare type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Herein, we report a case of NHL of both adrenal glands in a 69-year-old man. The patient was admitted because of a 1-month history of B symptoms and symptomatic hypotension. Biochemical analysis showed normocytic normochromic anaemia, hyponatraemia, hyperkalaemia, and elevated lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein and D-dimers. A computed tomography scan revealed bilateral enlargement of the adrenal glands. There was no evidence of endocrine adrenal dysfunction. The mass in the right adrenal gland was biopsied and histopathology identified a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the activated B-cell subtype. A positron emission tomography 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose scan showed intensive hypermetabolic lesions involving both adrenal glands, as well as other locations, with higher uptake in the adrenal glands. Taken together, these findings suggested the diagnosis of PAL. The patient responded favourably to debulking therapy and is currently undergoing chemotherapy.

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