Football’s Role in How Societies Remember

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Dag Tuastad
Keyword(s):  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Common Descent ◽  
National Group ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
Football Field ◽  
Alter Ego ◽  
Social Memories

Based on several phases of ethnographic work over two decades, this chapter demonstrates how football creates the ideal conditions for debates over national social memories related to the Palestinian-Bedouin divide in Jordan. Social memory processes in football arenas represent two related social phenomena. Firstly, collective, historical memories are produced; Secondly, these collective memories are also enacted and embodied during football matches, through their symbolic and physical confrontations. Palestinian-Jordanian encounters on the football field have been especially important in this context, having embodied the memory of the 1970 civil war and having served as a medium through which to reprocess it. For Palestinians, as a stateless ethno-national group who lack the formal national institutions to preserve their national past in the form of museums or archeological digs, football, and particularly the al-Wihdat team, has become an important alternative. While until the early 1990s the fans’ lyrics emphasized identification with the armed struggle, today the dominant themes are Palestinian common descent, unity, and refugee identity. At the same time, al-Wihdat’s alter-ego, FC Faisaly, has been a focus of East Bank Jordanian nationalism, emphasizing tribal roots and values, Islamic tradition, Hashemite loyalty, and the tribal roots of the monarchy.

Ethnic Identity, Memory, and Sites of Violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Common Descent ◽  
Cultural Autonomy ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Ethnic Identity Formation ◽  
Spatial Exclusion ◽  
Social Memories ◽  
Historic Trauma

The Arab uprisings may have contributed to a newly “sectarianized” Middle East, yet more broadly this must be recognized as part of resurgent identity politics in which state exclusion, repression, and violence occur across ethnic, religious, and political divides. The mobilization of ethnic identities—the creation of distinct collectivities based on narratives of common descent—is as evident in nationalist diatribes throughout the region as it is in minority rights campaigns for equality or cultural autonomy. Ethnic identity formation requires both mnemonic discourses and specific sites in which social memories, imaginaries, and practices can be embedded and collectively performed. This chapter examines how geographies of violence—sites of historic trauma, loss, and displacement—are reappropriated through commemorative practice and martyr memorialization, which help shape contemporary ethnic narratives of identity and resistance. From Kurds in Irbil to Copts in Egypt to Palestinians inside Israel, each community attests to spatial exclusion and violence and finds ways of inhabiting and reimaging past trauma, to shape historical narratives and contemporary political expediencies. This chapter explores some of the key scholarship around this theme before examining the growing proliferation of martyr museums in the region.

scholarly journals Mnemonic convergence in social networks: The emergent properties of cognition at a collective level

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (29) ◽  
pp. 8171-8176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alin Coman ◽  
Ida Momennejad ◽  
Rae D. Drach ◽  
Andra Geana
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Social Network Structure ◽  
Social Interactionist

The development of shared memories, beliefs, and norms is a fundamental characteristic of human communities. These emergent outcomes are thought to occur owing to a dynamic system of information sharing and memory updating, which fundamentally depends on communication. Here we report results on the formation of collective memories in laboratory-created communities. We manipulated conversational network structure in a series of real-time, computer-mediated interactions in fourteen 10-member communities. The results show that mnemonic convergence, measured as the degree of overlap among community members’ memories, is influenced by both individual-level information-processing phenomena and by the conversational social network structure created during conversational recall. By studying laboratory-created social networks, we show how large-scale social phenomena (i.e., collective memory) can emerge out of microlevel local dynamics (i.e., mnemonic reinforcement and suppression effects). The social-interactionist approach proposed herein points to optimal strategies for spreading information in social networks and provides a framework for measuring and forging collective memories in communities of individuals.

scholarly journals Historical Memory of Ainu through Material Culture in Japanese Literary Text: An Analyses of Tsushima Yuko’s Work

IZUMI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Wawat Rahwati ◽  
Budi Mulyadi ◽  
Andres Suhendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Cultural Objects ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Markers ◽  
Historical Memories

This research discusses the elements of material culture in the literary text of Jakka Dofuni Umi no Kioku no Monogatari by Tsushima Yuko in presenting historical memories of the Ainu as one of the indigenous people in Japan. Material culture is a study carried out through objects (artefacts) to see social markers, historical traces, social knowledge, and the identity of a particular nation or society. This research aims to reveal the history and identity of the Ainu as shown through material cultural objects and how the characters in the text interpret these objects. Qualitative approaches and narrative structures as research methods are used to analyze this literary text. Besides, memory theory is also used to reveal collective memories related to Ainu history and identity. The results show that the Jakka Dofuni museum with various artefacts presents historical memory and Ainu identity through the narrator's discussion and figures in narratives text. The spirit consolation monument (ireihi), which was built in the area of the Jakka Dofuni museum, is an object of memory of remembrance for local people from the Ainu and Uilta tribes who were victims of war during the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1945). The collection of cultural artefacts and the life history of Gendanu as the owner of the museum with the identity problems he experienced can be interpreted as a form of markers that confirm Ainu's identity.

scholarly journals Islands, history, decolonial memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
May Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Editorial Introduction ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Comparative Framework ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Social Memories

How do small island ecologies commemorate their disappeared pasts? What are some of the place-making practices that shape the formation of small island collective memories? Through the analysis of five case studies of small island communities in a comparative framework, this editorial introduction to a special section of Island Studies Journal on ‘Islands, history, decolonial memory’ opens up the mnemonic and psychoanalytic challenges facing contemporary island societies and the invention of their social memories. The islands of Balliceaux, Ro, Saaremaa, St. Simon and Dongzhou present competing instances of how memory operates across cultures of remembrance and forgetting.

Cartographies of Communicability and the Anthropological Archive

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-119
Author(s):  
Brigittine French
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Free State ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
First Person ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Irish Free State ◽  
Social Memories ◽  
Political Turmoil

This article traces ideological constructions of communication that enable powerful actors to determine what counts as silences, lies and surpluses in efficacious narratives about violence (Briggs 2007) in order to elucidate occlusions regarding legacies of the Civil War in the Irish Free State. It does so through a precise triangulation of multiple competing and overlapping narratives from unpublished fieldnotes, interviews, published ethnographies and other first-person accounts. The inquiry highlights social memories of the Irish Civil War that have been 'assumed, distorted, misunderstood, manipulated, underestimated, but most of all, ignored' (Dolan 2003: 2). The article argues that the excesses of the anthropological archive make the recuperation of a multiplicity of collective memories possible through a linguistic anthropological perspective that enumerates the kind of erasures at play in contentious memory-making moments, highlights polyvocality in metapragmatic discourse and tracks the gaps in entextualisation processes of historical narratives about political turmoil.

scholarly journals Memories as a discursive strategy: Exploring representations of laïcité and Frenchness in Le Monde

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-321
Author(s):  
Mélodine Sommier
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Collective Identities ◽  
Disciplinary Power ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Discursive Strategy ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
Critical Intercultural Communication

Laïcité (i.e. secularism) has been increasingly and widely represented as a French exception. This study investigates such association by examining the cultural reality in which laïcité is embedded through the use of collective memories. Drawing on critical intercultural communication and aspects of a Foucauldian approach to discourse, this study explores collective memories that are associated with the concept of laïcité and how they contribute to the discursive association of laïcité with France. Qualitative content analysis was used to examine newspaper texts ( N = 60) published in the French daily Le Monde between 2011 and 2014. Results reveal the salience of historical memories and indicate ways in which they can be used to normalize meanings, produce instances of disciplinary power, and present reified representations of collective identities and practices.

Sacrifice in Islamic Tradition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Weddle
Keyword(s):  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Animal Sacrifice ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Union With God

In Islam animal sacrifice is a religious duty during the pilgrimage to Mecca. The ritual slaughter recalls Abraham’s offering of his son and expresses thanks for God’s merciful substitution of an animal. The meat is distributed as an act of charity. The Qur’an represents Abraham and his son, identified by most Muslims as Ishmael, submitting to God’s command and thus ranked with true prophets. Islamic interpretive tradition, however, indicates some reservations about Abraham’s act. In wars during the formation of the Islamic community in Medina, sacrifices were required of Muslims and their enemies. Muhammad set the precedent for armed struggle (jihad) in defense of Islam, as well as establishing the ritual procedures for animal sacrifice. Like Jews and Christians, Muslims apply the term sacrifice to acts of self-denial such as almsgiving and fasting during Ramadan. Martyrdom lies at the foundation of Shi’a Islam and inspires imitative suffering in Ashura rituals. Sufis seek union with God so complete that it constitutes annihilation (fana’) of individual consciousness. Contemporary jihadists employ sacrificial imagery to describe their deaths in the “cause of God” and the destruction of their victims. But Islam also teaches that promoting the welfare of others reflects the beauty of God.

Review of Ernest Jones: Freud's Alter Ego.

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 806-806
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
Alter Ego ◽  
Ernest Jones

Covid-19 Pandemic And Sustainabilitystudy At Madrasah Ibtidaiyyahpsm Sulursewu, Teguhan, Ngawi, East Java

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Moh. Toriqul Chaer ◽  
Muhammad Atabiqul As'ad ◽  
Qusnul Khorimah ◽  
Erik Sujarwanto
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Participatory Action ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Learning Programs ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Government

The continuity of learning programs during the COVID-19 pandemic found educational institutions, especially Madrasah Ibtidaiyyah (MI) temporarily closed the learning process in schools. To prevent the spread of COVID-19 that is currently engulfing Indonesia. Lack of preparation, readiness and learning strategies have a psychological impact on teachers and students. Declining quality of skills, lack of supporting facilities and infrastructure. Learning from home (online) is an effort by the government program to ensure the continuity of learning in the pandemic period. The research method uses participatory action research (PAR), which focuses on understanding social phenomena that occur in the community and mentoring efforts on the problems faced. The assistance effort is to help the children of MI Sulursewu, Ngawi in participating in online learning related to; 1). Preparation of activities, 2). Counselling participants offline method, 3). Offline activities method. Results of the study show that the mentoring activities following the target of achievement; first, the activity can be carried out following the schedule that has been set. Second, students are always on time for the online learning hours that have been set. Offline methods show that efforts can help ease the burden on parents, but can also make it easier for students to receive subject matter.  

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