Atoms of Space and Time

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-151
Author(s):  
Demetris Nicolaides
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Quantum Jump ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty

Epicurus argued that the Democritean atoms couldn’t move, unless space, time, and motion were radically reimagined. In addition to material atoms (smallest cuts of matter), there exist space “atoms” (smallest spatial expanses) and time “atoms” (smallest time intervals)! Also, he thought an atom’s motion is quantum! It moves from here to there without passing through the points in between—exactly the meaning of a quantum jump in quantum physics (presuming motion does occur). An atom spontaneously swerves (creating uncertainty in its whereabouts), a feature added by Epicurus in a first-ever attempt to escape Democritean determinism and subject human free will to a scientific hypothesis. Space atoms are required by loop quantum gravity (which unifies quantum theory with general relativity). The cause of the most consequential premise of quantum mechanics—the Heisenberg uncertainty principle—will be cautiously speculated with an original idea, using the Epicurean theory of space, time, and motion.

scholarly journals Classical and Quantum Physics in Selected Economic Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Drabik
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Schrödinger Equation ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Schrodinger Equation ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty

Classical and Quantum Physics in Selected Economic ModelsA growing number of economic phenomena are nowadays described with methods known in physics. The most frequently applied physical theories by economists are: (1) the universal gravitation law and (2) the first and second law of thermodynamics. Physical principles can also be applied to the theory of financial markets. Financial markets are composed of individual participants who may be seen to interact as particles in a physical system. This approach proposes a financial market model known as a minority game model in which securities and money are allocated on the basis of price fluctuations, and where selling is best option when the vast majority of investors tend to purchase goods or services, and vice versa. The players who end up being on the minority side win.The above applications of physical methods in economics are deeply rooted in classical physics. However, this paper aims to introduce the basic concepts of quantum mechanics to the process of economic phenomena modelling. Quantum mechanics is a theory describing the behaviour of microscopic objects and is grounded on the principle of wave-particle duality. It is assumed that quantum-scale objects at the same time exhibit both wave-like and particle-like properties. The key role in quantum mechanics is played by: (1) the Schrödinger equation describing the probability amplitude for the particle to be found in a given position and at a given time, and as (2) the Heisenberg uncertainty principle stating that certain pairs of physical properties cannot be economic applications of the Schrödinger equation as well as the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. We also try to describe the English auction by means the quantum mechanics methods.

scholarly journals QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY: A NEW APPROACH TO INFORMATION SECURITY

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Rishi Dutt Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Photon Polarization ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Secure Network ◽  
Future Direction

Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties can secure network Communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum cryptography was born in the early seventies when Steven wiesner wrote “conjugate coding”. The quantum cryptography relies on two important elements of quantum mechanics-the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the principle of photon polarization. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that, it is not possible to measure the quantum state of any system without distributing that system. The principle of photon polarization states that, an eavesdropper cannot copy unknownqubits i.e. unknown quantum states, due to no-cloning Theorem which was first presented by wootters andzurek in 1982.this research paper concentrates on the theory of quantum cryptography, and how this technology contributes to the network security. This research paper summarizes the current state of Quantum cryptography, and the real world application implementation of this technology and finally the future direction in which quantum cryptography is forwards

scholarly journals Space time geometry in the atomic hydrogenoid system. Approach to a dust relativistic model from causal quantum mechanics

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
G. Gómez ◽  
I. Kotsireas ◽  
I. Gkigkitzis ◽  
I. Haranas ◽  
M.J. Fullana
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
General Equation ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Relativistic Model ◽  
Time Deformation ◽  
Non Local ◽  
De Broglie Bohm

Weintend to use the description oftheelectron orbital trajectory in the de Broglie-Bohm (dBB) theory to assimilate to a geodesiccorresponding to the General Relativity (GR) and get from itphysicalconclusions. ThedBBapproachindicatesustheexistenceof a non-local quantumfield (correspondingwiththequantumpotential), anelectromagneticfield and a comparativelyveryweakgravitatoryfield, togetherwith a translationkineticenergyofelectron. Ifweadmitthatthosefields and kineticenergy can deformthespace time, according to Einstein'sfield equations (and to avoidtheviolationoftheequivalenceprinciple as well), we can madethehypothesisthatthegeodesicsof this space-time deformation coincide withtheorbitsbelonging to thedBBapproach (hypothesisthat is coherentwiththestabilityofmatter). Fromit, we deduce a general equation that relates thecomponentsofthemetric tensor. Thenwe find anappropriatemetric for it, bymodificationofanexactsolutionofEinstein'sfield equations, whichcorresponds to dust in cylindricalsymmetry. Thefoundmodelproofs to be in agreementwiththebasicphysicalfeaturesofthehydrogenquantum system, particularlywiththeindependenceoftheelectronkineticmomentum in relationwiththeorbit radius. Moreover, themodel can be done Minkowski-like for a macroscopicshortdistancewith a convenientelectionof a constant. According to this approach, theguiding function ofthewaveontheparticlecould be identifiedwiththedeformationsofthespace-time and thestabilityofmatterwould be easilyjustifiedbythe null accelerationcorresponding to a geodesicorbit.

scholarly journals An analysis on Quantum mechanical Stability of Regular Polygons on a Point Base Using Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Anurag Chapagain
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Stability Problem ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle

Abstract: It is a well-known fact in physics that classical mechanics describes the macro-world, and quantum mechanics describes the atomic and sub-atomic world. However, principles of quantum mechanics, such as Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, can create visible real-life effects. One of the most commonly known of those effects is the stability problem, whereby a one-dimensional point base object in a gravity environment cannot remain stable beyond a time frame. This paper expands the stability question from 1- dimensional rod to 2-dimensional highly symmetrical structures, such as an even-sided polygon. Using principles of classical mechanics, and Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, a stability equation is derived. The stability problem is discussed both quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Using the graphical analysis of the result, the relation between stability time and the number of sides of polygon is determined. In an environment with gravity forces only existing, it is determined that stability increases with the number of sides of a polygon. Using the equation to find results for circles, it was found that a circle has the highest degree of stability. These results and the numerical calculation can be utilized for architectural purposes and high-precision experiments. The result is also helpful for minimizing the perception that quantum mechanical effects have no visible effects other than in the atomic, and subatomic world. Keywords: Quantum mechanics, Heisenberg Uncertainty principle, degree of stability, polygon, the highest degree of stability

scholarly journals STEPHEN HAWKING: SPACE, TIME AND QUANTA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Carfora
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Stephen Hawking

A brief introduction to the scientic work of Stephen Hawking and to his contributions to our understanding of the interplay between general relativity and quantum theory.

The Changing Universe

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Demetris Nicolaides
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Final State ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Eternal Law ◽  
Universal Law

Everything is constantly changing, and nothing is ever the same, Heraclitus proposed, and in accordance with Logos, the intelligible eternal law of nature. Thus, everything is in a state of becoming (in the process of forming into something) instead of being (reaching or already being in an established final state beyond which no more change will take place). This means that things, permanent things, no longer exist—for they contradict his theory of constant change—only events and processes exist. His doctrine has found strong confirmation in modern physics, for, according to it, absolute restfulness and inactivity are impossibilities. Points in Einstein’s four-dimensional space-time continuum are events, and so are the quarks and leptons—for, unlike in deterministic Newtonian physics, matter in probabilistic quantum physics lost its permanence and identity because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Moreover, all happenings, evidence suggests, are consistent with a single universal law.

GALILEAN AND DISCRETE SPACE-TIME SYMMETRIES OF ROY-SINGH DETERMINISTIC QUANTUM MECHANICS

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 4641-4650
Author(s):  
ARVIND KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Discrete Space ◽  
Galilean Space

The recent deterministic quantum theory of Roy and Singh is shown to be covariant with respect to Galilean, space reflection and time reversal transformations.

scholarly journals On the emergence of the structure of physics

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2118) ◽  
pp. 20170231 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Majid
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Quantum Space ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Self Duality ◽  
Born Reciprocity

We consider Hilbert’s problem of the axioms of physics at a qualitative or conceptual level. This is more pressing than ever as we seek to understand how both general relativity and quantum theory could emerge from some deeper theory of quantum gravity, and in this regard I have previously proposed a principle of self-duality or quantum Born reciprocity as a key structure. Here, I outline some of my recent work around the idea of quantum space–time as motivated by this non-standard philosophy, including a new toy model of gravity on a space–time consisting of four points forming a square. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Hilbert’s sixth problem’.

scholarly journals A CLASS OF GUP SOLUTIONS IN DEFORMED QUANTUM MECHANICS

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2003-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
POURIA PEDRAM
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Loop Quantum Gravity ◽  
Black Hole Physics ◽  
Generalized Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Deformed Algebra ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty

Various candidates of quantum gravity such as string theory, loop quantum gravity and black hole physics all predict the existence of a minimum observable length which modifies the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to the so-called generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). This approach results from the modification of the commutation relations and changes all Hamiltonians in quantum mechanics. In this paper, we present a class of physically acceptable solutions for a general commutation relation without directly solving the corresponding generalized Schrödinger equations. These solutions satisfy the boundary conditions and exhibit the effect of the deformed algebra on the energy spectrum. We show that this procedure prevents us from doing equivalent but lengthy calculations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document