Suburban Islam

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Howe
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
American Muslims ◽  
Alternative Vision ◽  
Devotional Practices ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
American Islam ◽  
And Gender

Suburban Islam explores how American Muslims have created new kinds of religious communities, known as third spaces, to navigate political and social pressures after 9/11. This book examines how one Chicago community, the Mohammed Alexander Russell Webb Foundation (Webb), has responded to the demands of proving Islam’s compatibility with liberal democracy and embracing the commonalities of their Abrahamic faith. Through dynamic forms of ritual practice, such as leisure activities, devotional practices such as the mawlid, and communal reading of sacred texts, the Webb community offers an alternative vision of American Islam. Appealing to an overarching American culture, the Webb community celebrates religious pluralism and middle-class consumerism, opens up leadership roles for women, and reimagines the United States as an ideal location for the practice of “authentic” Islam. In the process, they also seek to rehabilitate the public image of Islam. Suburban Islam analyzes these efforts as one slice of American Muslims’ heterogeneous and contingent institutionalizing practices in the twenty-first century. Suburban Islam examines how some American Muslims have intentionally set out to enact an Islam recognizable to others as American. Even as Webb intends to build a more inclusive and welcoming space, it also produces its own exclusions, elisions of extant racial and gender hierarchies, and unresolved tensions over the contours of American Muslim citizenship. As a case study, the Webb community demonstrates the multiple possibilities of American Islam. Through evolving practices and overlapping sets of relationships, this group continues to work out what American Islam means to them during a time in which Muslim and American are repeatedly cast as incompatible categories.

Mentoring, Sponsorship, and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-207
Author(s):  
Karen P. Burke ◽  
Lori E. Ciccomascolo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
College And University ◽  
Education Careers ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender

The lack of women in leadership roles is a systemic problem in the United States and is not unique to the field of education; however, it is important to continue to challenge the status quo and provide a path for women to achieve equality and equity in the workplace. The following chapter will identify and discuss the importance of mentoring and sponsorship so that women pursuing education careers, novice women teachers, and women college, and university faculty and staff can actively and better position themselves to move into leadership positions and/or ensure a “seat at the table” in situations where decisions are made that affect their personal and professional lives.

scholarly journals Moving the Mountain

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Turan Kayaoglu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
American Muslims ◽  
Muslim Identity ◽  
General Audience ◽  
American Muslim ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Gender

Few are as qualified as Imam Feisal Abdul Rauf to articulate a vision forAmerican Muslims. He has been involved with several major institutionbuildingprojects to address the concerns of American Muslims; his wife,Daisy Khan, has also participated in some of these projects. Since 1983, hehas served as imam of New York City’s al-Farah Mosque and thus is ratherfamiliar with the achievements, struggles, and diversity of the American-Muslim experience. His involvement with one of this community’s mostformative post-9/11 undertakings, the Cordoba House Project (also knownas Park 51 and the Ground Zero Mosque), attracted national and internationalattention.Several other American Muslims have written about the community. Forexample, James Yee’s For God and Country (2005), Sumbul Ali-Karamali’sThe Muslims Next Door (2008), and Asma Nomani’s Standing Alone in Mecca(2006) have experienced modest mainstream success. Mucahit Bilici’s FindingMecca in America (2012) is a notable, although a more academic, work.Imam Rauf’s book belongs to the first genre. Aimed at a general audience, itprovides a good understanding of such issues as jihad and gender relations inIslam, the Shari‘ah, and American-Muslim identity formation.Book Reviews 127The author’s key idea is that American Muslims are on their way to creatinga unique identity, one that is true to the spirit of Islam and also fits intoAmerican cultural norms. If fully realized, this identity would have threemajor potential benefits: making the United States more tolerant and just,healing the wounds between it and the broader Muslim world, and inspiringMuslims everywhere to reclaim Islam from the extremists. According toRauf, this identity can only be fully realized if Muslims have a good understandingof Islam, uphold American laws, and engage in the country’s ongoingmulti-faith projects ...

Representation of Women in Pain Medicine Fellowships in the United States, 2017–2018

Pain Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina L Doshi ◽  
Hira C Richter ◽  
Mariam Salisu ◽  
Christelle Samen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Role Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Pain Medicine ◽  
Fellowship Program ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Fellowship Programs ◽  
And Gender

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the representation of women trainees and faculty and to explore associations between them at Pain Medicine (PM) fellowship programs in the United States.SettingPM fellowship programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.MethodsAll PM programs approved for at least four fellows as of December 2017 were identified. Websites of these programs were reviewed to determine the number and gender of current fellows and faculty, and programs were contacted to verify the information.ResultsA total of 56 PM programs were eligible; of these, 48 PM programs (86%) provided information about the gender distribution of fellows. Women comprised ∼25% of PM fellows. PM programs with a female rather than male fellowship program director (PD) had 2.40 times increased odds of a female trainee. Proportion of female faculty and division chief gender were not significantly associated with trainee gender composition. The adjusted odds of a faculty member being female was 1.99 times greater for PM programs with a female vs male PD and 3.13 times greater for programs with a female vs male division chief.ConclusionsWomen are underrepresented throughout all levels of academic pain medicine. The presence of women in leadership roles is associated with higher proportions of female trainees and faculty, highlighting the need for more female role models in academic pain medicine.

Mainstreaming Black Power

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Adam Davies
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Black Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
State And Local ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
And Gender

This book upends the narrative that the Black Power movement allowed for a catharsis of black rage but achieved little institutional transformation or black uplift. Retelling the story of the 1960s and 1970s across the United States—and focusing on New York, Atlanta, and Los Angeles—this book reveals how the War on Poverty cultivated black self-determination politics and demonstrates that federal, state, and local policies during this period bolstered economic, social, and educational institutions for black control. The book shows more convincingly than ever before that white power structures did engage with Black Power in specific ways that tended ultimately to reinforce rather than challenge existing racial, class, and gender hierarchies. The book emphasizes that Black Power's reach and legacies can be understood only in the context of an ideologically diverse black community.

Garveyism, Communism, and Gender Trouble

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-202
Author(s):  
Kate Dossett
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Families ◽  
Universal Negro Improvement Association ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
Black Performance ◽  
Black Theatre ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Trouble

In Theodore Ward’s Big White Fog, Vic Mason seeks a better life for his family in the Universal Negro Improvement Association. His son, Les, looks for answers in the interracial Communist movement. Both men and movements come undone for they rely on gender hierarchies which sustain racial capitalism in the United States. This chapter explores the controversy that began when Ward read a draft of his play before a South Side audience in January 1938 and continued through the Negro Playwrights Company’s staging of the play in Harlem in October 1940. Drawing on variant manuscripts, this chapter documents the role of the Black performance community in shaping the version of the play first staged by the Chicago Negro Unit at the Great Northern Theatre in April 1938. The responses of the local community make clear it was the staging of gender and racial divisions within Black families and political movements, rather than Communism, which made Big White Fog a provocative play in 1938. The sympathetic portrayal of the Garvey movement reminds us that communism was not the only radical path for African Americans in the 1930s, even if the legacy of anti-Communism has disproportionately shaped knowledge production about Black theatre.

100 Years of the Nineteenth Amendment

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Nineteenth Amendment ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Experiences Of Women ◽  
Racial Ethnic

100 Years of the Nineteenth Amendment looks back at the century since the amendment giving women in the United States the right to vote was ratified. The volume asks: how has women’s political engagement unfolded over the last one hundred years? The chapters consider women’s participation in electoral politics as well as their efforts in social movement activism. They reveal that, while women have made substantial strides in the political realm—for example, voting at higher rates than men and gaining greater leadership roles in politics and social movements—barriers to gender equality remain. The book explores the diverse experiences of women from a variety of backgrounds, including women from different racial, ethnic, class, and gender identities and with differing sexual orientations and educational and political backgrounds. As the volume traces women’s presence in politics, it also helps readers look forward, to consider possibilities for the next one hundred years of women’s political engagement.

Leisure-tourism connection behaviors by life stage and gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seohee Chang ◽  
Gi Eun Chung
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leisure Involvement ◽  
And Gender

Purpose Individuals’ daily leisure activities undertaken close to home often appear in tourism contexts when individuals are away from home. Previous studies have suggested that such leisure-tourism connection behaviors are enhanced by leisure involvement and leisure habits. However, few studies have examined if such a connection may have variations by life stage and gender. Therefore, this study aims to examine the roles of life stage and gender in consistency between leisure and tourism, in consideration of involvement and habit. The study samples were university graduates (n = 681) who had graduated from a university in the United States and were currently working and university students (n = 706) who were enrolled and taking classes at a university in the United States. Design/methodology/approach Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, exploratory factor analysis, t-test, two-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. Findings The findings revealed differences in the effects of leisure involvement and habit factors on the leisure-tourism connection behaviors by life stage and gender. More details are presented in this paper. Originality/value This study is the first study to examine the leisure-tourism connection behaviors in consideration of life stage and gender.

Muslims, Islamic Law, and the Sociopolitical Reality in the United States

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Sherman A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Consciousness ◽  
American Muslims ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Subjective Responses ◽  
Self Image ◽  
The One ◽  
Politics And Law

Native born African-American Muslims and the Immigrant Muslimcommunity foxms two important groups within the American Muslimcommunity. Whereas the sociopolitical reality is objectively the samefor both groups, their subjective responses are quite different. Both arevulnerable to a “double Consciousness,” i.e., an independently subjectiveconsciousness, as well as seeing oneself through the eyes of theother, thus reducing one’s self-image to an object of other’s contempt.Between the confines of culture, politics, and law on the one hand andthe “Islam as a way of life” on the other, Muslims must express theircultural genius and consciously discover linkages within the diverseMuslim community to avoid the threat of double consciousness.

Black Muslimness Mobilized

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef J. Carter
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Religious Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Atlantic ◽  
West African ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
American Muslims ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Sufi Order

The Mustafawi Tariqa is a transnational Sufi Order that was initiated in 1966 by the late Cheikh Mustafa Gueye Haydara (d. 1989) in Thiès, Senegal. Yet, only since 1994 has this specific Sufi network reached westward across the water, bringing American Muslims—many of whom are converts—into the larger network. In the United States, the majority of students who have entered the Tariqa and have declared allegiance (bayah) to Shaykh Arona Rashid Faye Al-Faqir are African-Americans who have inserted themselves religiously, culturally, and pedagogically into a West African Sufi tradition which emphasizes religious study and the practice of dhikr (remembrance of God). Shaykh Arona Faye is a Senegalese religious leader who relocated to the southeastern region of the United States from West Africa to spread the religion of Islam and expose American Muslims to the rich West African tradition of spiritual purification and Islamic piety. At the same time, many of those who are African-American members of this tradition have made it a point to travel to Senegal themselves to strengthen transatlantic ties with West African compatriots and visit sacred burial sites in the small city of Thiès. I examine how two sites of pilgrimage for the Mustafawi—Moncks Corner, South Carolina and Thiès, Senegal—play a part in the infrastructure of Black Atlantic Sufi network. Moncks Corner is the central site in which access to the Tariqa’s most charismatic living shaykh, Shaykh Arona Faye, has worked for the past two decades teaching and mentoring those on the Path. On the other hand, Thiès is the location where the Tariqa’s founder is buried and travelers visit the town in order to pay homage to his memory. I show how these sites catalyze mobility and operate as spaces of spiritual refuge for visitors in both local and regional contexts by looking at how a local zawiyah produces movement in relation to a broader tariqa. By looking at pilgrimage and knowledge transmission, I argue that the manner in which esoteric approaches to spiritual care and the embodiment of higher Islamic ethics via the West African Sufi methodology of the Mustafawi informs the manner in which Muslims of varying African descent inhabit a broader diasporic identification of “Black Muslimness.”

Race and Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timnit Gebru
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Recidivism Rates ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Technical Solutions

This chapter discusses the role of race and gender in artificial intelligence (AI). The rapid permeation of AI into society has not been accompanied by a thorough investigation of the sociopolitical issues that cause certain groups of people to be harmed rather than advantaged by it. For instance, recent studies have shown that commercial automated facial analysis systems have much higher error rates for dark-skinned women, while having minimal errors on light-skinned men. Moreover, a 2016 ProPublica investigation uncovered that machine learning–based tools that assess crime recidivism rates in the United States are biased against African Americans. Other studies show that natural language–processing tools trained on news articles exhibit societal biases. While many technical solutions have been proposed to alleviate bias in machine learning systems, a holistic and multifaceted approach must be taken. This includes standardization bodies determining what types of systems can be used in which scenarios, making sure that automated decision tools are created by people from diverse backgrounds, and understanding the historical and political factors that disadvantage certain groups who are subjected to these tools.

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