1937–1938 (II)

Author(s):  
James Steichen

After its debut season Ballet Caravan became an increasingly independent organization led by Lincoln Kirstein that pursued an aesthetic agenda more explicitly American than the productions of the American Ballet. Premiering works including Filling Station and Billy the Kid, the company toured from coast to coast and introduced audiences in both small towns and big cities to ballet. It provided choreographic experience for dancers Lew Christensen, Eugene Loring, and William Dollar and commissioned new music from composers Aaron Copland and Virgil Thomson. Through his work with Ballet Caravan, Kirstein hoped to broach the entertainment monopolies of CBS and NBC and displace the dominance of the Russian ballet companies active in the United States. Kirstein’s father Louis was an active advocate for the company, using his connections in corporate America to make introductions for his son.

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Adolphus G. Belk ◽  
Robert C. Smith ◽  
Sherri L. Wallace

In general, the founders of the National Conference of Black Political Scientists were “movement people.” Powerful agents of socialization such as the uprisings of the 1960s molded them into scholars with tremendous resolve to tackle systemic inequalities in the political science discipline. In forming NCOBPS as an independent organization, many sought to develop a Black perspective in political science to push the boundaries of knowledge and to use that scholarship to ameliorate the adverse conditions confronting Black people in the United States and around the globe. This paper utilizes historical documents, speeches, interviews, and other scholarly works to detail the lasting contributions of the founders and Black political scientists to the discipline, paying particular attention to their scholarship, teaching, mentoring, and civic engagement. It finds that while political science is much improved as a result of their efforts, there is still work to do if their goals are to be achieved.


1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
Saad Khalil Kezeiri

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-109
Author(s):  
Jim Freeman

This chapter addresses the education inequities in the United States, and distinguishes between “public schools” and “charter schools.” Though the chapter recognizes that this is itself controversial, and charter schools have taken to referring themselves as public schools, for the sake of clarity it is important to be able to distinguish between the two. While the charter schools' efforts have been primarily directed at Black and Brown communities thus far, the chapter unveils the school privatizers' ultimate targets, which are set much more broadly than that. It examines the impact of school privatization on public school systems and the harms caused by school privatization in communities of color. The chapter then takes a look at Corporate America and Wall Street, and analyses how they can always profit from new markets and expandable markets. Ultimately, it reveals how the ultra-wealthy maintain education inequities to ensure that there will be millions of poorly educated, low-skill individuals who are essentially forced to accept the low wages to survive.


2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-240
Author(s):  
Eric Drott

During a brief period in the early 1960s, Fluxus, a neo-avant-garde group active in the United States, Europe, and Japan, engaged the unlikely participation of Gyorgy Ligeti. Ligeti's three contributions to Fluxus publications-the Trois Bagatelles for David Tudor (1961), Die Zukunft der Musik-eine kollektive Komposition (1961), and Poèème Symphonique for 100 metronomes (1962)-proved both compatible with and divergent from the general ideology and aesthetic of Fluxus. Central to the consideration of Ligeti's Fluxus pieces is the contentious relationship that existed between experimental and modernist branches of new music at the time. Ligeti's flirtation with more experimental forms of composition not only reflects the general dynamic of this relationship but also illuminates how Ligeti positioned himself within the field of European contemporary music ca. 1960 and in subsequent years.


Author(s):  
Frederick Luis Aldama

Despite Latinxs being the largest growing demographic in the United States, their experiences and identities continue to be underrepresented and misrepresented in the mainstream pop cultural imaginary. However, for all the negative stereotypes and restrictive ways that the mainstream boxes in Latinxs, Latinx musicians, writers, artists, comic book creators, and performers actively metabolize all cultural phenomena to clear positive spaces of empowerment and to make new perception, thought, and feeling about Latinx identities and experiences. It is important to understand, though, that Latinxs today consume all variety of cultural phenomena. For corporate America, therefore, the Latinx demographic represents a huge buying demographic. Viewed through cynical and skeptical eyes, increased representation of Latinxs in mainstream comic books and film results from this push to capture the Latinx consumer market. Within mainstream comic books and films, Latinx subjects are rarely the protagonists. However, Latinx comic book and film creators are actively creating Latinx protagonists within richly rendered Latinx story worlds. Latinx comic book and film creators work in all the storytelling genres and modes (realism, sci-fi, romance, memoir, biography, among many others) to clear new spaces for the expression of Latinx subjectivities and experiences.


Author(s):  
Daniel A. Nathan

This book explores the complicated, double-edged process of inclusion and exclusion, of rooting for the home team. It examines the ways different American communities (big cities, small rural towns, suburbs, college towns, and so forth) used or use sport to create and maintain a sense of their collective identity. Predicated on the idea that rooting for local athletes and home teams often symbolizes a community's preferred understanding of itself, and that doing so is an expression of connectedness, the book demonstrates how sport brings people together yet also contributes to separation, misunderstanding, and antagonism. It considers the complicated, multilayered lived experiences that arise from playing together, playing apart, and rooting for the home team by looking at professional and amateur sports, from the 1920s to the present, played in different parts of the United States: these include golf, basketball, baseball, softball, and football.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis G. Thomas

In spite of a growing interest in urban history, Canadian scholars have paid little attention to small towns. In this article a small town in southern Alberta is examined during the years 1890-1950, with particular attention paid to the decade of the 1920s. The author argues that a closer examination of such small centres might throw new light on the complex patterns of Canadian development. Small towns like Okotoks provided a means whereby the first generation of Alberta settlers, predominantly English-speaking, Protestant and British oriented, asserted their peculiar values in the life of the province in spite of the arrival after 1896 of new waves of settlers from the United States and continental Europe.


Author(s):  
John J. Lucas

Today, 401(k) plans have become one of the most popular retirement savings programs offered by corporate America.  With their enormous popularity, 401(k) plans have experienced spectacular growth and expansion since their creation under the Revenue Act of 1978.  It is estimated that there are 423,000 401(k) plans in the United States with an estimated 1.8 trillion dollars in assets. (EBRI Facts, 2005)  This paper traces the creation and establishment of 401(k) plans in the United States.  A discussion pertaining to the recently passed Pension Protection Act of 2006 and its major changes regarding 401(k) plans will also be provided in order to assist business leaders in continuing to offer this very popular retirement program.


2021 ◽  
pp. 408-430
Author(s):  
Tobias Brinkmann

Between the 1860s and the early 1920s, more than two million Jews moved from small towns in Eastern Europe to the United States. Smaller groups went to other destinations in the Americas, Western Europe, Palestine, and South Africa. This chapter discusses the background and impact of that mass migration around the world. The global diffusion of Jews from Eastern Europe concentrated in three new Jewish centers: the United States, the Soviet Union, and Israel. The Eastern European Jewish mass migration, however, did not ultimately lead to the formation of a distinct diaspora of Yiddish-speaking Jews, but rather became the driving force behind a dramatic transformation of the Jewish diaspora as a whole. The reasons for this can be explained by several factors: accelerated Jewish assimilation in these centers, the short period of the mass migration, the great diversity of the migrants, and the almost complete destruction of Jewish life and culture in Eastern Europe during the Holocaust.


Author(s):  
Mariano Etkin

María Cecilia Villanueva was born in 1964 in La Plata, Argentina. She studied composition with Mariano Etkin at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, where she currently works as teacher in composition and researcher in musical analysis focused on twentieth-century music. She is considered one of the most notable figures of her generation, successfully mixing research and composition. Villanueva’s music is a testimony to her esthetic independence. She distinguishes herself from her colleagues by the originality of her technical approaches and her rendering of very personal ideas. The expressive density of Villanueva’s music develops around a complex elaboration of materials, which, in some cases, coexist with elements of extreme simplicity. Her music has been performed in many of the main festivals and new music cycles of Europe, the United States, and Latin America. She has also received recognition for her work on numerous occasions. She was awarded the German Forum JungerKomponisten 1989 (WDR) prize in Köln, and won the Elizabeth Schneider prize in 2001 in Freiburg, as well as the Premio de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2003. She has been the recipient of several prestigious German composer residences at the AkademieSchloss Solitude, Stuttgart (1994–95), the KünstlerhofSchreyahn (1996) and the KünstlerdorfSchöppingen (2003).


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