The Forum

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-193
Author(s):  
F. Bailey Norwood ◽  
Tamara L. Mix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Access ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Food Deserts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
The World

Food is political. Movements challenging issues of food access and security are occurring all over the world. Led by creative thinkers and targets of racism and discrimination themselves, members of radical food movements speak out for environmental and social justice, seeking to establish more democratic social systems. Food is central because its absence causes so much pain. Structural racism is manifest in the food deserts across the United States, where gas stations serve as grocery stores. Oppression is magnified in developing countries by an entire nation’s inability to control its own food supply. We meet people experimenting with new, radical forms of democracy, with food as a central dimension of their organizing strategies.

The evolution and development of human social systems requires more than parasite-stress avoidance explanation

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Grotuss
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Stress Avoidance ◽  
Geographical Locations

AbstractFincher & Thornhill (F&T) present a model of in-group assortative sociality resulting from differing levels of parasite-stress in differing geographical locations in the United States and the world. Their model, while compelling, overlooks some important issues, such as mutualistic associations with parasites that are beneficial to humans and how some religious practices increase parasite risk.

scholarly journals Developmental Origins of Anti-Black Bias in White US Children: Exposure to and Beliefs about Racial Inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rizzo ◽  
Tobias Britton ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Racial Inequalities

Anti-Black racism remains a pervasive crisis in the United States today. Racist social systems are rooted in prejudicial beliefs that reinforce and perpetuate racial inequalities. These beliefs have their developmental origins in early childhood and are difficult to change once entrenched in adolescence and adulthood. What causes children to form prejudicial beliefs and racial biases—and what steps can be taken to preempt them from forming—remain open questions. Here we show that children’s exposure to and beliefs about racial inequalities predict the formation of anti-Black biases in a sample of 712 White children (4-8 years) living across the United States. Drawing from constructivist theories in developmental science, we outline a novel account of the emergence of racial bias in early childhood: As children observe racial inequalities in the world around them, they develop beliefs about the causal factors underlying those inequalities. Children who believe that inequalities reflect the inherent superiority/inferiority of racial groups develop biases that perpetuate this worldview, whereas those who recognize the extrinsic causes of racial inequalities develop attitudes geared towards rectification. Our results demonstrate the importance of early intervention to disrupt problematic beliefs before they emerge and highlight children’s awareness of structural racism as an important target for anti-racist intervention.

Managing E-business

2011 ◽  
pp. 254-269
Author(s):  
Keng Siau ◽  
Shane Meakim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Web Sites ◽  
Credit Cards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Electronic Business ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future

What would you do if I told you that I could read your mind? Given that I am not a psychic, but a Web site administrator, you would probably not believe me. There are organizations that maintain databases of almost every consumer in the United States and even the world. One organization claims to have a database that encompasses 90% of all US consumers. Once an organization was given the name of a man and was told he lived in the US. In less than 48 hours they found where he worked, where he lived, who he was married to, how many times he was married, the contents of his financial portfolio, what credit cards he had, and what he bought at grocery stores. Amazingly, this information was obtained legally from various Web sites. The fact that you use a computer at home does not ensure your anonymity. You are being tracked in more ways than you could possibly think. As you surf the Net, facts are compiled about you. These pieces of information can range from the places or sites you visit and how long you stayed there to where you come from. These issues concerning trust, security, and privacy in cyberspace must be addressed in the near future and are critical to the growth of electronic business (Siau & Whitacre, 2001; Keen et al., 2000; Turban et al., 2000; Fingar et al., 2000; Kaufman et al., 1995; Ford & Baum, 1997).

scholarly journals The Future of the World Health Organization: China and the United States Square Off

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-529
Author(s):  
Donald Lien ◽  
Joseph Kortsch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Health Organization

Summary The purpose of this essay is to discuss the ramifications of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic on the future of the World Health Organization (WHO). In particular, the WHO has come under fire for its initial response and reporting of the pandemic, its acceptance of Chinese self-reporting and management of the crisis and dubious claims that it failed to acknowledge and respond to data from Taiwan that indicated human–to-human transmission was occurring. These alleged missteps have brought unwanted and intense international scrutiny on the organisation and have, perhaps, left its future uncertain. This essay examines the history and mandate of the WHO, its vulnerability to national and regional political movements and some likely outcomes for the near- and long-term future. Additionally, it briefly addresses how the WHO is used as a diplomatic surrogate for the UN, especially in matters relating to Taiwan.

Reclaiming Land

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanondora Billiot ◽  
Jessica Parfait
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Historical Trauma ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
The World

Environmental changes are projected to have adverse impacts on marginalized populations through additional pressures placed on already struggling social systems. Indigenous communities, given their attachment to and dependence on the land, are especially vulnerable. Though indigenous peoples throughout the world contribute the least to changes in the environment, they are disproportionally affected. To date, there has been limited research on health impacts resulting from environmental changes, especially among indigenous peoples in the United States. This chapter presents a case study on how environmental change exposure (e.g., observations, frequency, threats) and indigenous-specific sensitivities (e.g., historical trauma, ethnic identity, discrimination) affect the likelihood of participation in adaptation activities by indigenous peoples living in a physically vulnerable coastal area of the United States. It connects these findings with themes arising within other indigenous communities experiencing environmental changes.

scholarly journals Healthy Food Access in Low-Income High-Minority Communities: A Longitudinal Assessment—2009–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punam Ohri-Vachaspati ◽  
Robin S. DeWeese ◽  
Francesco Acciai ◽  
Derek DeLia ◽  
David Tulloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Healthy Food Access

Disparities in healthy food access are well documented in cross-sectional studies in communities across the United States. However, longitudinal studies examining changes in food environments within various neighborhood contexts are scarce. In a sample of 142 census tracts in four low-income, high-minority cities in New Jersey, United States, we examined the availability of different types of food stores by census tract characteristics over time (2009–2017). Outlets were classified as supermarkets, small grocery stores, convenience stores, and pharmacies using multiple sources of data and a rigorous protocol. Census tracts were categorized by median household income and race/ethnicity of the population each year. Significant declines were observed in convenience store prevalence in lower- and medium-income and majority black tracts (p for trend: 0.004, 0.031, and 0.006 respectively), while a slight increase was observed in the prevalence of supermarkets in medium-income tracts (p for trend: 0.059). The decline in prevalence of convenience stores in lower-income and minority neighborhoods is likely attributable to declining incomes in these already poor communities. Compared to non-Hispanic neighborhoods, Hispanic communities had a higher prevalence of small groceries and convenience stores. This higher prevalence of smaller stores, coupled with shopping practices of Hispanic consumers, suggests that efforts to upgrade smaller stores in Hispanic communities may be more sustainable.

scholarly journals A Cobra E O Sapo Do Racismo No Brasil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Lindgren-Alves
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Far Right ◽  
The World

A morte repulsiva de George Floyd nos Estados Unidos trouxe de volta a luta contra o racismo estrutural para a frente dos movimentos sociais no mundo. O presente ensaio sumaria tendências gerais da evolução da questão racial no Brasil, para chegar à situação atual. Nesta, a militância antirracista se torna crescentemente radical, enquanto a destruição de conquistas prévias pelo governo extremista de direita prossegue sem oposição efetiva.Palavras-chaves: Racismo Estrutural; Antirracismo; Brasil. ABSTRACTThe outrageous killing of George Floyd in the United States brought back the fight against structural racism to the forefront of social movements in the world. This essay sumarizes general trends of the evolution of the racial question in Brazil, in order to reach the current Brazilian situation, in which advocacy of antirracism turns increasingly radical, while destruction of former advances goes on by the extremist far right government in power, without concrete opposition.Keywords: Structural Racism; Anti-Racism; Brazil. Recebido em: 20/04/2021.

Sex Differences in Mass Media Preferences Across Four Asian Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malini Ratnasingam ◽  
Lee Ellis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Preferences

Background. Nearly all of the research on sex differences in mass media utilization has been based on samples from the United States and a few other Western countries. Aim. The present study examines sex differences in mass media utilization in four Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, and Singapore). Methods. College students self-reported the frequency with which they accessed the following five mass media outlets: television dramas, televised news and documentaries, music, newspapers and magazines, and the Internet. Results. Two significant sex differences were found when participants from the four countries were considered as a whole: Women watched television dramas more than did men; and in Japan, female students listened to music more than did their male counterparts. Limitations. A wider array of mass media outlets could have been explored. Conclusions. Findings were largely consistent with results from studies conducted elsewhere in the world, particularly regarding sex differences in television drama viewing. A neurohormonal evolutionary explanation is offered for the basic findings.

Sandra Ramos Revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-54
Author(s):  
Silvia Spitta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Graphic Arts ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Political Choices ◽  
The Rich

Sandra Ramos (b. 1969) is one of the few artists to reflect critically on both sides of the Cuban di-lemma, fully embodying the etymological origins of the word in ancient Greek: di-, meaning twice, and lemma, denoting a form of argument involving a choice between equally unfavorable alternatives. Throughout her works she shines a light on the dilemmas faced by Cubans whether in Cuba or the United States, underlining the bad personal and political choices people face in both countries. During the hard 1990s, while still in Havana, the artist focused on the traumatic one-way journey into exile by thousands, as well as the experience of profound abandonment experienced by those who were left behind on the island. Today she lives in Miami and operates a studio there as well as one in Havana. Her initial disorientation in the USA has morphed into an acerbic representation and critique of the current administration and a deep concern with the environmental collapse we face. A buffoonlike Trumpito has joined el Bobo de Abela and Liborio in her gallery of comic characters derived from the rich Cuban graphic arts tradition where she was formed. While Cuba is now represented as a rotten cake with menacing flies hovering over it ready to pounce, a bombastic Trumpito marches across the world stage, trampling everything underfoot, a dollar sign for a face.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document