scholarly journals Noether as Mathematical Structuralist

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-186
Author(s):  
Audrey Yap
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Practice ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Mathematical Work ◽  
Philosophical View ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nature Of Mathematics ◽  
Structuralist View ◽  
Structural Methods

Emmy Noether’s name, while often associated with branches of abstract mathematics such as algebra, is not often associated with any particular philosophical view about the nature of mathematics. This chapter will outline the extent to which Noether can be seen as exemplifying a kind of structuralist view of mathematics, namely a methodological structuralism. Such a view, as outlined by some philosophers of mathematical practice, is a view about how mathematics ought to be done—namely by attending to the structural features of objects, using axiomatic methods, and striving for more general perspectives. We will see how Noether in her mathematical work exhibits all of these tendencies, thereby allowing her to be situated in the history of structuralism as someone who fruitfully employed structural methods in her mathematical work. Finally, the chapter will consider the potential connections between Noether’s methodological views and some philosophical structuralist views that seem to fit naturally with her approach to mathematics.

scholarly journals Chromosome-level genome assembly and structural variant analysis of two laboratory yeast strains from the Peterhof Genetic Collection lineage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury A Barbitoff ◽  
Andrew G Matveenko ◽  
Anton B Matiiv ◽  
Evgeniia M Maksiutenko ◽  
Svetlana E Moskalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Long Read ◽  
History Of ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
Yeast Genomes

Abstract Thousands of yeast genomes have been sequenced with both traditional and long-read technologies, and multiple observations about modes of genome evolution for both wild and laboratory strains have been drawn from these sequences. In our study, we applied Oxford Nanopore and Illumina technologies to assemble complete genomes of two widely used members of a distinct laboratory yeast lineage, the Peterhof Genetic Collection (PGC), and investigate the structural features of these genomes including transposable element content, copy number alterations, and structural rearrangements. We identified numerous notable structural differences between genomes of PGC strains and the reference S288C strain. We discovered a substantial enrichment of mid-length insertions and deletions within repetitive coding sequences, such as in the SCH9 gene or the NUP100 gene, with possible impact of these variants on protein amyloidogenicity. High contiguity of the final assemblies allowed us to trace back the history of reciprocal unbalanced translocations between chromosomes I, VIII, IX, XI, and XVI of the PGC strains. We show that formation of hybrid alleles of the FLO genes during such chromosomal rearrangements is likely responsible for the lack of invasive growth of yeast strains. Taken together, our results highlight important features of laboratory yeast strain evolution using the power of long-read sequencing.

Fingierte Mündlichkeit – inszenierte Interaktion. Die Novelle als Erzählmodell

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Lubkoll
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Short Novel ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe reflection of the genre of the “Novelle” (short novel) offers one way for a productive interpenetration of scientific literary and linguistic discussions about the phenomenon of textuality. It is the genre of the “Novelle” whose characterization has always been very dissatisfying according to traditional genre definitions within the scientific discourse. Typical formal and structural features are often too unspecific and mostly remain on the surface, if their function for the (con)text is not reflected adequately. Furthermore all the different catalogues of typical features mostly appear as static schemes that cannot do justice equally well to all the various manifestations of the “Novelle” as to the historical change of the genre itself.Due to these facts the article by Christine Lubkoll tries to define the genre of the “Novelle” and its specific textual manifestations with regard to its historically changing contextual conditions. The thesis of the article is that theThe first part of the article by Christine Lubkoll illustrates the history of the genre of the “Novelle” and its specific social and cultural relevance within different literary époques. It is then followed by the second part, an analysis of Goethes “Unterhaltungen deutscher Ausgewanderten” and Musils “Die Amsel”.

Egg-Forms and Measure-Bodies: Different Mathematical Practices in the Early History of the Modern Theory of Convexity

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen
Keyword(s):  
Convex Bodies ◽  
Mathematical Work ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Mathematical Research ◽  
Mathematical Practices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Epistemic Objects

ArgumentTwo simultaneous episodes in late nineteenth-century mathematical research, one by Karl Hermann Brunn (1862–1939) and another by Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909), have been described as the origin of the theory of convex bodies. This article aims to understand and explain (1) how and why the concept of such bodies emerged in these two trajectories of mathematical research; and (2) why Minkowski's – and not Brunn's – strand of thought led to the development of a theory of convexity. Concrete pieces of Brunn's and Minkowski's mathematical work in the two episodes will, from the perspective of the above questions, be presented and analyzed with the use of the methodological framework of epistemic objects, techniques, and configurations as adapted from Hans-Jörg Rheinberger's work on empirical sciences to the historiography of mathematics by Moritz Epple. Based on detailed descriptions and a comparison of the objects and techniques that Brunn and Minkowski studied and used in these pieces it will be concluded that Brunn and Minkowski worked in different epistemic configurations, and it will be argued that this had a significant influence on the mathematics they developed for those bodies, which can provide answers to the two research questions listed above.

scholarly journals On the floral mechanism of Welwitschia mirabilis , hooker

1914 ◽  
Vol 87 (596) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽  
Floral Form

1. In the preparation of sectional schemes for the flowers of Welwitschia mirabilis , in different stages of development, several points of interest were noted as tending to throw light on the previous history of this unique floral form. 2. Evidence is adduced to show that the primary structural features of the flowers are referable to an anthostrobiloid condition closely comparable with that of Cycadeoidea , now expressed in a phase of minimum reduction, and to be regarded as an example of heterophyletic convergence to a simple floral construction in the gymnospermic condition.

scholarly journals Showing Mathematical Flies the Way Out of Foundational Bottles: The Later Wittgenstein as a Forerunner of Lakatos and the Philosophy of Mathematical Practice

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Pérez-Escobar
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophy Of Mathematical Practice ◽  
The Way

Abstract This work explores the later Wittgenstein’s philosophy of mathematics in relation to Lakatos’ philosophy of mathematics and the philosophy of mathematical practice. I argue that, while the philosophy of mathematical practice typically identifies Lakatos as its earliest of predecessors, the later Wittgenstein already developed key ideas for this community a few decades before. However, for a variety of reasons, most of this work on philosophy of mathematics has gone relatively unnoticed. Some of these ideas and their significance as precursors for the philosophy of mathematical practice will be presented here, including a brief reconstruction of Lakatos’ considerations on Euler’s conjecture for polyhedra from the lens of late Wittgensteinian philosophy. Overall, this article aims to challenge the received view of the history of the philosophy of mathematical practice and inspire further work in this community drawing from Wittgenstein’s late philosophy.

About the "supertask" ("sverhzadacha") of K. S. Stanislavsky... (about the history of the word supertask (sverhzadacha) in the Russian language)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
I. I. Krivonosov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Method Acting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Term ◽  
History Of ◽  
Structural Methods ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Terminology System ◽  
National Corpus

The article is devoted to the history of the appearance and functioning of the word supertask (sverhzadacha) in the Russian language. Two lines of the lexeme functioning were distinguished: the first is associated with the etymology of the word, the second – with its use by K. S. Stanislavsky in the terminology system and the further entry of the unit into general use on the basis of determinologization. It is interesting that the second meaning has acquired the most widespread use. Only in the past two decades, the word has begun to lose its connection with the process of artistic creation. The purpose of the study was to briefly review the history of the word: from its first fixation in the Russian language and application by K. S. Stanislavsky (to designate one of the key concepts of Method Acting) up to modern contexts of use. The entry of the lexeme into the language was investigated using structural methods. The methods of contextual and distributive analysis were used to analyse both the contexts in which Stanislavsky used this word and the process of its fixation in the National Corpus of the Russian language. Statistical analysis was used to trace the dynamics of integration of the lexeme into the Russian language and its fixation in various spheres. The methods of component and comparative analysis were used to describe the formation mechanism of the initial term in the historical context. Borrowings of the term supertask (sverhzadacha) were found in other languages, indicating the spread of Stanislavsky’s system. The conclusion is drawn that the word supertask (sverhzadacha) functions in the Russian language mainly as a term from Stanislavsky’s system, gradually becoming determinologized and returning to the meaning conveying the logical sum of its constituent components.

History of mathematics, mathematical histories, storytelling in Hungarian mathematics education

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Katalin Gosztonyi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Guided Discovery ◽  
Mathematics History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nature Of Mathematics ◽  
Written Sources

History of mathematics is rarely used in Hungarian mathematics education, and even more rarely goes beyond anecdotic mentions of history. In this paper I will argue that despite of this phenomenon, a historical perspective on mathematics, in a more general way, plays a crucial role in a specific Hungarian tradition of mathematics education, called felfedeztető matematikaoktatás (“teaching mathematics by guided discovery”). I will revisit the epistemological background of this approach, analyse the role of history in this view on the nature of mathematics and its teaching, and illustrate the analysis by some examples from written sources and nowadays teaching practice. Classification: A30, D20, D40. Keywords: History of mathematics, history in mathematics education, guided discovery in mathematics education.

scholarly journals Levels of Reality

Languages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald W. Langacker
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Clause Structure ◽  
Matrix Clause ◽  
Linguistic Structure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Levels Of Reality

Two fundamental aspects of conceptual and linguistic structure are examined in relation to one another: organization into strata, each a baseline giving rise to the next by elaboration; and the conceptions of reality implicated at successive levels of English clause structure. A clause profiles an occurrence (event or state) and grounds it by assessing its epistemic status (location vis-à-vis reality). Three levels are distinguished in which different notions of reality correlate with particular structural features. In baseline clauses, grounded by “tense,” the profiled occurrence belongs to baseline reality (the established history of occurrences). Basic clauses incorporate perspective (passive, progressive, and perfect), and since grounding includes the grammaticized modals, as well as negation, basic reality is more elaborate. A basic clause expresses a proposition, comprising the grounded structure and the epistemic status specified by basic grounding. At higher strata, propositions are themselves subject to epistemic assessment, in which conceptualizers negotiate their validity; propositions accepted as valid constitute propositional reality. Propositions are assessed through interactive grounding, in the form of questioning and polarity focusing, and by complementation, in which the matrix clause indicates the status of the complement.

scholarly journals The past orbit of comet Halley and its meteor stream

1985 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 399-403
Author(s):  
A. Hajduk
Keyword(s):  
Structural Features ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Meteor Stream ◽  
Meteor Streams ◽  
The Past ◽  
Maximum Lifetime ◽  
Check Points ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comet Halley ◽  
Comet Orbit

AbstractThe present paper studies the structural features of the meteor streams associated with Comet Halley deduced from the observations of its meteor showers, as check points of orbital elements in a deeper history of the comet orbit. Libration of the argument of perihelion of the comet and the corresponding displacement of the nodes, as recognized in the distribution of condensations within the stream, allows to estimate the maximum lifetime of the comet in the inner Solar System at about 2 × 105 years.

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