PSI-B-29 Breeding influence on dairy productivity of Kholmogory cattle

The Kholmogory breed of cattle is highly adapted to poor feeding and severe climate conditions of the northern part of European Russia, but a lack of dairy productivity also characterizes it. The study aims to measure the productivity of animals obtained by breeding Kholmogory and Holsteins cattle. Purebred Kholmogory (K1, n = 497), first generation` (K1/2×H1/2, n = 387), and second generation` (K1/4×H3/4, n = 384) hybrids were selected for the analysis. Dairy production for 305 days throughout 1st and 3rd lactations and also lifetime productivity were measured. Statistical processing was conducted using Statistica 10 software. The average milk yield of purebred` 1st lactation was 3501±35 kg with a fat content of 3.66±0.01%. The productivity of hybrids in the 1st lactation was higher by 728 kg (P < 0.001) with a fat content of 3.86±0.02% for K1/2×H1/2 and by 1030 kg (P < 0.001) with a fat content of 4.13±0.02 for the K1/4×H3/4 population. In the 3rd lactation, the productivity of K1 was 3948±51 kg of milk with a 3.73±0.02% of fat. This is 941 kg (P < 0.001) and 0.31% (P < 0.001) less than in K1/2×H1/2. During the same lactation in K1/4×H3/4, the average amount of milk was 5508±77 kg with 4.25±0.04% of fat. The maximum lifetime productivity was obtained from K1/2×H1/2. It made 19850±618 kg of milk and 799.6±25.3 kg of milk fat. In the K1 group, 14642±529 kg of milk and 552.6±20.3 kg of fat were obtained per life, and for K1/4×H3/4 14832±590 kg and 620.9±25.6 kg were obtained. The heterosis effect could explain the high lifetime productivity of first-generation hybrids. This is consistent because the average economic use of K1 animals was 3.53±0.11 calving, while for K1/2×H1/2, it was 4.01±0.11. Further breeding with the Holstein led to a significant decrease in the economical use duration to 2.78±0.09 calving in K1/4×H3/4.

The influence of birth season on the growing of heifers and their further productivity

The results of studies on the effect of the birth season factor on the lifetime productivity and growth rate of cows are presented. The material for the research was the information database of the "Selex" breeding record program for the highly productive herd of black-motley cattle of the "Pre-Baikal type". The research was carried out under the conditions of the Irkutsk region in 20152019. Replacement heifers, which were evaluated for growth and development, and subsequently for milk production during the 1st and 3rd lactations and lifetime production, were chosen as an object of research. Heifers born in the summer-autumn period, according to the 1st lactation, gave the highest productivity, their milk yield was 6151-6179 kg of milk with a fat content of 3.85%. By the 3rd lactation, cows born in the summer months retained high productivity (7001 kg with a milk fat content of 3.83%). From the cows born in winter, a maximum lifetime production of 30,519 kg was obtained. The cows born in spring have 856 kg less lifetime productivity. With the maximum lifelong productivity, the age in lactations was 4.5, with the minimum - 4.0. This indicates that the shorter the period of productive use, the lower the lifetime milk yield of cows. The cows that gave the highest milk production in the first lactations dropped out of the herd sooner for various reasons, thereby not having reached their full genetic potential and not having shown their possible maximum milk production.

Obesity and decreased vibration perception associated with premature cardiovascular mortality in a single center prospective study of people with diabetes

Background and aims The aim of this prospective, single center study was to define factors associated with early cardiovascular mortality in diabetes. Materials and methods 1345 patients under age 75 were included who were undergoing assessment of their diabetes between January 2008 and May 2010 as part of standard practice in a specialist clinic at a regional teaching hospital in Serbia. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was assessed by audible Doppler waveform and ABPI with cut-offs >1.4 and <0.9. Peripheral neuropathy was assessed by vibration perception threshold (VPT, using a semi-quantitative tuning fork: abnormal if ≤5), ankle reflexes (AR) and sudomotor function of the foot. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was assessed by fundoscopy. Evidence of vascular disease: thromboendarterectomy and/or cerebrovascular insult (TEA/CVI), myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), minor amputations (sAMP) and major amputations (mAMP) was also collected. Outcome was determined in 2021 and baseline characteristics were compared between those who had and had not suffered cardiovascular death under age 75 years within 10 years of review in two casually selected cohorts. Results Those who died (n2=70) were more frequently male (60 vs. 45.3%, p=0.08), younger (66.4±7.4 vs. 79.9±3.4, p<0.000), had a shorter period of follow-up (3.6±2.3 vs. 11.2±1.7 years, p<0.000) when compared to those still alive (n1=75). Those who died were also significantly (p<0.01) more likely to have had TEA/CVI (34.3 vs. 10.7%), HF (21.4 vs. 1.3%), MI (44.3 vs. 20%), PAD (48.6 vs. 9.3%), DFU (25.7 vs. 9.3%), mAMP (17.1 vs. 1.3%) at baseline. There were no differences in proliferative DR (17.1 vs. 8%, p=0.10) and laser photocoagulation (25.7 vs. 13.3%, p=0.06) Following multivariable logistic regression analysis significant differences between groups remained for only creatinine (123±45 vs. 88.9±16.9 mmol/L, p<0.003) and VPT <5 (7.8 [95% CI: 3.7–16.4)], p=0.008), estimated maximum lifetime BMI (3.4 [95% CI: 1.7–6.8)], p<0.000), alcohol usage (4.7 [95% CI: 1.5–14.7)], p=0.005), smoking habit (2.2 [95% CI: 1.1–4.3)], p<0.03) and earlier age of diabetes onset (43.4±12.5 vs. 49.2±9.9, p=0.0029). When the 72 patients with impaired vibration sense were compared with 73 with VPT>6, there were significant differences in TEA/CVI (4.2 [95% CI: 1.6–10.9)], p=0.003), PAD (3.9 [95% CI: 1.8–8.8)], p<0.001) and estimated maximum lifetime BMI (9.4 [95% CI: 3.4–25.7), p<0.000). Finally, when those who had had a previous MI at baseline (n=46) were compared with those who hadn't (n=99), MI was associated with increased death rate (3.2 [95% CI: 1.5–6.6)], p=0.002), as was PAD (2.9 [(1.3–6.1)], p=0.007). Conclusion Decreased VPT, the presence of PAD on clinical testing and higher maximum estimated lifetime BMI are strongly associated with premature cardiovascular death. These measures may be independent markers of greater risk of reduced life expectancy. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Relation of Maximum Lifetime Body Mass Index with Age at Hemodialysis Initiation and Vascular Complications in Japan

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the maximum lifetime body mass index (max BMI) with hemodialysis initiation and comorbidities in Japanese hemodialysis patients. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a retrospective cross-sectional study on 724 hemodialysis patients, max BMI, age at hemodialysis initiation, and comorbidities including sleep apnea syndrome, cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were analyzed. Early hemodialysis initiation was defined as age &#x3c;50 years. <b><i>Result:</i></b> Diabetes patients showed a higher max BMI and prevalence of atherosclerotic diseases than nondiabetes patients, despite almost the same age at hemodialysis initiation. Patients with early hemodialysis initiation showed higher male ratio, prevalence of PDR, and max BMI than those with later initiation, despite almost equal prevalence of diabetes. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis determined a max BMI of 28.4 kg/m² as a reliable cutoff value for predicting early hemodialysis initiation, and this parameter was identified as an independent predictor of early hemodialysis initiation using bivariate logistic regression analysis. Vitrectomy for PDR also tended to contribute independently to early hemodialysis initiation. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A high max BMI contributed to early hemodialysis initiation independent of diabetes. Furthermore, PDR was associated with a high max BMI and early hemodialysis initiation. These results suggest that weight reduction in young chronic kidney disease patients with obesity may prevent hemodialysis and blindness.

Modelling Bubble Lifetime of Thin Film Surfactants Solution on Fuel Spillage

Aims / Objectives: To find the lifetime of the bubble by plotting the rate of mass flow rate change against time. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Mathematics and Applied Science, Catholic University of Eastern Africa, Nairobi, Kenya, between February 2020 and March 2021. Methodology: The maximum lifetime of the bubble is assumed to match the time when the mass flow rate change is zero. The study also assumes the velocity of flow rate and other fluid properties at the interface of fuel-surfactant constant other than Re. Re is varied from 0.01 to 100. Results: The graphical plots show that for Re ! 1, and Re " 1, the stability depends on diffusive viscosity and linearized convection, respectively. The simulation suggested that the bubble formed at the fuel-surfactant interface may have Re “ 1 and its lifetime is tb » 0.28. Conclusion: The lifetime of surfactant depends on Re while assuming other interface properties constant. Recommendation: Future studies in the area need to consider the effect of variation in temperature, velocity, and Reynolds number in determining the lifetime of a bubble in the thin foam of the surfactant-fuel interface.

A Branch-and-Bound Algorithm for Building Optimal Data Gathering Tree in Wireless Sensor Networks

In this paper, we consider the maximum lifetime data gathering tree (MLDT) problem in sensor networks. A data gathering tree is a spanning tree rooted at a specified sink so that every node can send its messages to the sink along the tree. The lifetime of a tree is defined as the minimum lifetime among nodes where each node’s lifetime is determined by its initial energy and transmission load. The MLDT problem is NP-hard, and the state-of-the-art solution formulates a decision version of the problem as an integer linear program (ILP) and then solves it by conducting binary search over all possible lifetimes. In this paper, we first give an ILP for the optimization problem rather than its decision version, and then show that using ILP solvers to solve these programs could be highly inefficient. We then propose a branch-and-bound algorithm that incorporates two novel features. First, the bounding method takes into account integer flows, and contains a new set of constraints. Second, a special set of edges are deleted to reduce the number of subproblems generated by the branching process. Numerical simulations on randomly generated networks show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms in terms of the number of solved problem instances in a fixed amount of time. Summary of Contribution: We study the maximum lifetime data gathering tree (MLDT) problem in the context of wireless sensor network. MLDT is a fundamental problem in both computer science and operations research. Since sensor nodes are often resource limited, the data gathering tree must be carefully constructed to prolong the network lifetime. In this paper, we first give an integer linear program for the optimization problem rather than its decision version, and then show that using ILP solvers to solve these programs could be highly inefficient. We then propose a branch and bound algorithm that incorporates two novel features.

Control of Suitability of the Culture Daphnia magna Straus for Bioassays of Aquatic Environments, Taking into Account Demographic Indicators of Model Populations

The purpose of this work was to experimentally determine conditional reference demographic indicators of laboratory populations of Daphnia magna Straus (1820). These indicators can be used when determining suitability of the aquaculture for bioassays of aquatic environments. The experiments were carried out with parthenogenetic clones of D. magna, the temperature of the environment was 20 °C, the light period was 12 h. It was found that the maximum lifetime of crustaceans is observed in groups with a density of 25 individuals/dm3. In these groups, other demographic characteristics of D. magna such as the day of the first offspring (10 ± 2 days), average lifetime (79.7 ± 1.0 days), specific fertility (74.3 ± 2.4 days) and other related parameters of well-being were established. Then, it was showed that the culture of D. magna, having the necessary sensitivity to the model toxicant K2Cr2O7, can significantly differ in demographic characteristics from the conventional reference groups. Audit of the conditions of keeping this aquaculture revealed a complex reason for the unsatisfactory state of D. magna: the lack of daily aquaculture care and increased concentration of nitrate ions in the cultivation water. Therefore, regular monitoring of D.magna demographic characteristics can complement procedures of standardization of test-cultures. This will contribute to improving the accuracy of bioassay results.