A Developmental Perspective on the Genetic Basis of Alcohol Use Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa M. Trucco ◽  
Gabriel L. Schlomer ◽  
Brian M. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Intermediate Phenotypes ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Approximately 48–66% of the variation in alcohol use disorders is heritable. This chapter provides an overview of the genetic influences that contribute to alcohol use disorder within a developmental perspective. Namely, risk for problematic alcohol use is framed as a function of age-related changes in the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors and an end state of developmental processes. This chapter discusses the role of development in the association between genes and the environment on risk for alcohol use disorder. Designs used to identify genetic factors relevant to problematic alcohol use are discussed. Studies examining developmental pathways to alcohol use disorder with a focus on endophenotypes and intermediate phenotypes are reviewed. Finally, areas for further investigation are offered.

Racial Discrimination and Trajectories of Problematic Alcohol Use Among African American Emerging Adults: The Role of Organizational Religious Involvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110516
Author(s):  
Danielle R. Busby ◽  
Meredith O. Hope ◽  
Daniel B. Lee ◽  
Justin E. Heinze ◽  
Marc A. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Stable Class ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Racial discrimination jeopardizes a wide range of health behaviors for African Americans. Numerous studies demonstrate significant negative associations between racial discrimination and problematic alcohol use among African Americans. Culturally specific contexts (e.g., organized religious involvement) often function protectively against racial discrimination’s adverse effects for many African Americans. Yet organized religious involvement may affect the degree to which racial discrimination increases problematic alcohol use resulting in various alcohol use trajectories. These links remain understudied in emerging adulthood marked by when individuals transition from adolescence to early adult roles and responsibilities. We use data from 496 African American emerging adults from the Flint Adolescent Study (FAS) to (a) identify multiple and distinct alcohol use trajectories and (b) examine organizational religious involvement’s protective role. Three trajectory classes were identified: the high/stable, (20.76% of sample; n = 103); moderate/stable, (39.52% of sample; n = 196); and low/rising, (39.72% of the sample; n = 197). After controlling for sex, educational attainment, and general stress, the interaction between racial discrimination and organized religious involvement did not influence the likelihood of classifying into the moderate/stable class or the low/rising class, compared with the high/stable class. These results suggest organized religious involvement counteracts, but does not buffer racial discrimination’s effects on problematic alcohol use. Findings emphasize the critical need for culturally sensitive prevention efforts incorporating organized religious involvement for African American emerging adults exposed to racial discrimination. These prevention efforts may lessen the role of racial discrimination on health disparities related to alcohol use.

Childhood Abuse and Problematic Alcohol Use in College Females: The Role of Self-compassion

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynsey R. Miron ◽  
Holly K. Orcutt ◽  
Susan M. Hannan ◽  
Kristen L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
College Females ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Reactivity to uncertain threat as a familial vulnerability factor for alcohol use disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 3349-3358 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Gorka ◽  
D. Hee ◽  
L. Lieberman ◽  
V. A. Mittal ◽  
K. L. Phan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Vulnerability Factor ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Familial Vulnerability ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use ◽  
Startle Potentiation

BackgroundWhen sober, problematic drinkers display exaggerated reactivity to threats that are uncertain (U-threat). Since this aversive affective state can be alleviated via acute alcohol intoxication, it has been posited that individuals who exhibit heightened reactivity to U-threat at baseline are motivated to use alcohol as a means of avoidance-based coping, setting the stage for excessive drinking. To date, however, no study has attempted to characterize the dispositional nature of exaggerated reactivity to U-threat and test whether it is a vulnerability factor or exclusively a disease marker of problematic alcohol use.MethodThe current investigation utilized a family study design to address these gaps by examining whether (1) reactivity to U-threat is associated with risk for problematic alcohol use, defined by family history of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and (2) reactivity to U-threat is correlated amongst adult biological siblings. A total of 157 families, and 458 individuals, participated in the study and two biological siblings completed a threat-of-shock task designed to probe reactivity to U-threat and predictable threat (P-threat). Startle potentiation was collected as an index of aversive responding.ResultsWithin biological siblings, startle potentiation to U-threat [intraclass correlation (ICC) = 0.35] and P-threat (ICC = 0.63) was significantly correlated. In addition, independent of an individuals’ own AUD status, startle potentiation to U-threat, but not P-threat, was positively associated with risk for AUD (i.e. AUD family history).ConclusionThis suggests that heightened reactivity to U-threat may be a familial vulnerability factor for problematic drinking and a novel prevention target for AUD.

Negative Affectivity and Problematic Alcohol Use Among Latinos in Primary Care: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Paulus ◽  
Jafar Bakhshaie ◽  
Chad Lemaire ◽  
Monica Garza ◽  
Melissa Ochoa-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

scholarly journals Genome- and Transcriptome-wide Splicing Associations with Problematic Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer B. Huggett ◽  
Ami S. Ikeda ◽  
Qingyue Yuan ◽  
Chelsie E. Benca-Bachman ◽  
Rohan H.C. Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Alternative Mrna Splicing ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

ABSTRACTGenetic mechanisms of alternative mRNA splicing have been shown in the brain for a variety of neuropsychiatric traits, but not substance use disorders. Our study used RNA-sequencing data on alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the brain’s reward circuitry (n=56; ages 40-73; 100% ‘Caucasian’; four brain regions) and genome-wide association data on problematic alcohol use (n=435,563, ages 22-90; 100% European-American) to investigate potential genetic links with alcohol-related alternative mRNA splicing. Polygenic scores of problematic alcohol use predicted alternative mRNA brain splicing associated with AUD, which depended on brain region. Across brain regions, we found 714 differentially spliced genes in various putative addiction genes and other novel gene targets. We found 6,463 splicing quantitative trait loci (sQTLs) that were associated with the AUD differentially spliced genes. sQTLs were enriched in loose chromatin genomic regions and downstream gene targets. Additionally, the heritability of problematic alcohol use was significantly enriched for DNA variants in and around differentially spliced genes associated with AUD. Our study also performed splicing transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) of problematic alcohol use and other drug use traits that unveiled individual genes for follow-up and robust splicing correlations across SUDs. Finally, we show that differentially spliced genes associated showed significant overlap in primate models of chronic alcohol consumption at the gene-level in similar brain regions. Altogether, our study illuminates substantial genetic contributions of alternative mRNA splicing in relation to problematic alcohol use and AUD.

scholarly journals The role of distress intolerance in the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and problematic alcohol use among Latin American MSM

2017 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Wang ◽  
Jaclyn M. White Hughto ◽  
Katie B. Biello ◽  
Conall O’Cleirigh ◽  
Kenneth H. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Distress Intolerance ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use ◽  
The Relationship
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