There Ought to Be Roots

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Kappeler ◽  
Claudia Fichtel ◽  
Carel P. van Schaik
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Group Living ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The One

This chapter explores the notion that the behavioural and cognitive constituents of human social norms have equivalents or precursors in humans’ closest living relatives, the non-human primates. Scrutiny of the definitions of various forms of conformity revealed, on the one hand, that some key features defining social norms are essentially impossible to infer in animals so that from a purist perspective, homologous equivalents of social norms cannot be demonstrated. On the other hand, this review revealed that functional equivalents or precursors of behavioural, emotional, and cognitive mechanisms constituting normative conformity are present and ubiquitous among (group-living haplorhine) non-human primates and that social patterns reflecting normative conformity have been described, hence supporting the authors’ main thesis that this salient aspect of human sociality, even though it may depend upon some uniquely derived features, has strong and long roots in the evolutionary history shared with other primates.

scholarly journals Showing ‘heart’ while making money: negotiating proximity in a Ugandan marketplace

Africa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (S1) ◽  
pp. S12-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Monteith
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
Fictive Kin ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Current Emphasis

AbstractAfrican marketplaces have long been understood as ambivalent spaces; as sites of compliance and transgression, domination and resistance. This ambivalence comes into sharp focus in the urban marketplaces that have absorbed a large proportion of the African workforce over the past four decades. One the one hand, urban markets offer opportunities for the forging of new relationships, or ‘fictive kin’, beyond the confines of consanguinity and affinity. However, on the other hand, they are fiercely competitive places in which strangers skilfully intrude into one's life. Succeeding in the market therefore requires the striking of a skilful balance between accumulation and redistribution, disclosure and concealment. This article presents an analysis of the everyday interactions and exchanges facilitated by the movements of a waste picker in Nakasero market, the oldest marketplace in Kampala, Uganda. Amid the current emphasis on improvization and provisionality as key features of urban African life, it demonstrates the importance of long-standing cultural idioms, such as omutima (‘heart’), in providing structure and meaning to the interactions of urban African inhabitants.

scholarly journals Obrazki porażki [Images of Failure]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xawery Stańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Happy Ending ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Artistic Performance

Images of FailureOn the one hand, the sphere of art offers the possibility to imagine a different, less oppressive and normative world, where just as in the case of cartoons even the greatest gawks, misfits, and outcasts would build friendships and alliances helping them to reach a happy ending. On the other hand, there is something of an artistic performance, at least of an illusionist show, to an intentional act of failure. To perform failure, one has to improvise, to operate randomly, blunderingly, and ostentatiously, as well as to resist the social norms and rules. The artworks that are presented here pertain to all of these meanings of the “art of failure”.Obrazki porażkiSztuka jest z jednej strony sferą, w której można wyobrazić sobie inny, mniej opresyjny i normatywny świat; w nim – jak w kreskówkach – międzygatunkowe przyjaźnie i sojuszenawet największych gamoni, odmieńców i wyrzutków prowadzą do szczęśliwego zakończenia. Z drugiej strony w intencjonalnym uprawianiu porażki jest coś ze sztuki, a przynajmniejsztuczki prestidigitatora. Performowanie porażki wymaga zdolności improwizacji, podążania po omacku, dyletanctwa, fanfaronady oraz przeciwstawiania się społecznym normom i regułom. Prezentowane tu prace nawiązują do tych sensów „sztuki porażki”. 

scholarly journals Axiological justification of the objective norm by Heinrich Rickert

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Aleksander Bobko
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Point Of Reference

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show the main thesis concerning the theory of cognition of the eminent neo-Kantian Heinrich Rickert, as presented in his work “Der Gegenstand der Erkenntnis”. On the one hand, Rickert finds out that thinking is fated to “clash with nothingness”, thus creating a temptation to reject all rigours and to yield to complete discretion. On the other hand, he attributes axiological status to nothingness which subjects thinking to a particular kind of “ought”. In his view, the cognizing subject is faced with an axiological choice: either discretion or truth and argues that it is worth opting for truth. His argumentation could be an interesting point of reference for contemporary culture gradually moving away from the type of thinking rooted in objectively existing principles.

Cultivating Ambiguity

Jailcare ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Sufrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structural Vulnerability ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

This chapter looks at how jail health workers are constantly confronted with the incoherence of the ostensibly coherent domains of carcerality and biomedical care. Such attention to ambiguity in clinic workers' actions and relationships was the essence of jailcare—a kind of care that grapples with inequality writ large. The ambiguity of jailcare asks fundamental questions about the moral worthiness of prisoners receiving care—people who, on the one hand, have ostensibly violated legal-social norms and may be seen as less deserving of services; and who, on the other hand, are marginalized by poverty, addiction, and racism, and deserve care because of their structural vulnerability.

The Political Economy of Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-220
Author(s):  
John Haldon
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Cultural Geography ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Empires are both simple and complex, since on the one hand they are broadly identifiable through a small number of key elements in common, yet on the other hand, no single “version” of empire exists. The political economy of traditional empires can be approached through certain key features, even if their forms and their “cultural geography” vary widely—in particular, the acquisition of and control over resources, and the closely associated issue of how rulers or governments maintain control over those who manage resources on their behalf. Understanding these entails analysis of many other features, including the ways in which central and local elites were formed or transformed and the ways in which identities and loyalties evolved or were created, compromised, or transformed to generate what we might call “imperial capital” (in kind and in ideas). Their importance is crucial to understanding how empires rise, reproduce themselves, and fail or transform.

CONFIGURATIONS OF BODY HORROR IN AMERICAN MARY (2012)

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Lopes
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Female Protagonist ◽  
The One ◽  
Female Version

American Mary (2012) is a film directed by the Canadian sisters Jen and Sylvia Soska. It is centered upon the body as a locus where horror dwells. On the one hand, Mary’s body itself constitutes a repository for myth: she is a metaphorical vampire and she can also be said to give life to the legend of Bloody Mary. On the other hand, the bodies that Mary radically modifies in the sequence of her surgeries operate within the cinematic narrative as real monstrous creations, in the sense that they inform a kind of corporeality that is deviant with reference to the acceptable social patterns. In this way, Mary can be said to incorporate a female version of Mary Shelley’s character, Victor Frankenstein. Therefore, the body is explored in an urban and violent environment, within a hybrid context where several horror subgenres co-exist: slasher, torture porn, surgical, and rape-revenge. All these aspects require a reflection regarding the female protagonist and potentiate a redefinition of the concept of the final girl.

scholarly journals Can a Hasidic Tzaddik be called a Holy Fool? (Perception of the Rybnitser Rebbe in the USSR)

2021 ◽  
pp. 192-211
Author(s):  
Maria Kaspina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
Material World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Holy Fool ◽  
Religious Meaning ◽  
The One

The article examines the reflection in oral stories and written hagiographic collections of the image of Rybnitser rebbe, Chaim Zanvl Abramovich (1896–1995) as a holy fool – a person who does not conform to social norms of behavior regarded as having a compensating divine blessing or inspiration. The combination of two characteristics – the canonization of the charismatic leader, and the adherence of this leader to some kind of deliberate strange behavior make it possible to draw certain parallels between the image of the tzaddik in Hasidism and the holy fool in the Christian tradition. The image of the Hasidic tzaddik is ambivalent; he combines two worlds, profane and sacred at the same time. He is understandable to his followers and strange to the uninitiated, which brings his perception closer to the attitude towards him as a holy fool among those who observe his actions and deeds from the outside. In the stories about the Rybnitser Rebbe, two opposite tendencies can be clearly traced. On the one hand, his customs such as to sprinkle ashes on his head, to immerse ritualy daily, stripping naked in any weather, and so on are not understandable for outsiders, not only for non-Jews, but even for Jews who have already managed to move away from the Jewish tradition or are far from the ideas of Hasidism. In this case, he is called crazy, blissful, etc. On the other hand, for the devoted Hasids of the rebbe, all his strange actions are endowed with a huge religious meaning, and only in order to escape from the authorities, he is forced to pretend to be crazy. In both cases, we can see clear parallels between the figure of tzaddiks and the image of holy fools as strange people out of this world who reveal the true pain points of the material world and help other people with their spiritual exploits.

scholarly journals Under the Sign of Finitude: Social Philosophy as Empirical Philosophy

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Alexander Pisarev
Keyword(s):  
Social Scientist ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Patterns ◽  
Double Structure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

This article outlines an approach to social philosophy as empirical philosophy. Each philosophical act is localized and performed by a particular author in a particular context and agenda. Based on ideas of Kant, Heidegger, Foucault, it is suggested to understand this fact through double structure of finitude. On the one hand, social scientist within his finite existence is produced by the complex of instances, each bearing particular existence and historicity, such as language, social patterns, gender, etc. The fact that he is always-already produced by the world and entangled in it implies that his thinking is potentially contaminated by meanings imposed by these instances. On the other hand, his knowledge is finite that means inherent divide between social reality and discourse about it. This position of a social scientist implies the feautures of social philosophy approach, such as instrumentalization of concepts, separation of method from ontology, empiricism, plasticity of borders of the social and its historicity. In conclusion several examples of the approach are provided.

scholarly journals Obrazki porażki [Images of Failure]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xawery Stańczyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Happy Ending ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Artistic Performance

Images of FailureOn the one hand, the sphere of art offers the possibility to imagine a different, less oppressive and normative world, where just as in the case of cartoons even the greatest gawks, misfits, and outcasts would build friendships and alliances helping them to reach a happy ending. On the other hand, there is something of an artistic performance, at least of an illusionist show, to an intentional act of failure. To perform failure, one has to improvise, to operate randomly, blunderingly, and ostentatiously, as well as to resist the social norms and rules. The artworks that are presented here pertain to all of these meanings of the “art of failure”. Obrazki porażkiSztuka jest z jednej strony sferą, w której można wyobrazić sobie inny, mniej opresyjny i normatywny świat; w nim – jak w kreskówkach – międzygatunkowe przyjaźnie i sojusze nawet największych gamoni, odmieńców i wyrzutków prowadzą do szczęśliwego zakończenia. Z drugiej strony w intencjonalnym uprawianiu porażki jest coś ze sztuki, a przynajmniej sztuczki prestidigitatora. Performowanie porażki wymaga zdolności improwizacji, podążania po omacku, dyletanctwa, fanfaronady oraz przeciwstawiania się społecznym normom i regułom. Prezentowane tu prace nawiązują do tych sensów „sztuki porażki”.

scholarly journals Hajek's understanding of law

Eudaimonia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
Djordje Trifunovic
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

In this paper, the author will try to present Hayek 's understanding of law in a concise way, with reference to all institutions and processes related to such a topic, through the analysis of Hayek's works as well as the analysis of the critique of his understandings. First of all, his evolutionary approach will be explained, which enables the processes in a society to be viewed analogously to natural processes. Further, the main thesis of Hayek's theory will be elaborated, that is the connection between the market and common law in the embodiment of the spontaneous order on the one hand, and the made order which Hayek calls "taxis" on the other hand. Additionally, Hayek's understanding of the purpose and character of law as well as his understanding of the law, as well as his distinction between the law of freedom and the law of coercion, i.e. between "nomos" and "thesis". Finally, this paper attempt to represent the Hayek's detailed inquiry into human behaviour, the limitations of human possibilities as well as the misconceptions that have ruled for centuries which stem from the belief in the unlimited powers of science.

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