Mexico, Spain, and Their Deep Histories of Place

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
David M. Carballo
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Conquest Of Mexico

This book presents a novel perspective on the momentous encounter of five hundred years ago between Europeans and Native peoples of the Americas by framing what has traditionally been called the Spanish conquest of Mexico in deep time, on both sides of the Atlantic, and with an emphasis on material culture. The introductory chapter establishes the broad contours of this approach by defining the concept of “deep history” and the layers of human occupation that archaeologists and specialists of cognate fields study as sites, artifacts, and art. It provides an entry into this approach by discussing the towns of Medellín, Spain, and Cholula, Mexico—two places with millennia of human occupation that encapsulate much of the major chronological phases of early Iberia and Mesoamerica, as well as their entanglement when Medellín’s most famous son, the conquistador Hernando Cortés, invaded Cholula and massacred thousands of its unarmed inhabitants.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver H. Creighton ◽  
Duncan W. Wright ◽  
Michael Fradley ◽  
Steven Trick
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Documentary History ◽  
Siege Warfare ◽  
Material Evidence ◽  
The Church

This introductory chapter outlines the historiography of the reign of King Stephen (1135–54), highlighting how study has been dominated by documentary history while archaeological and other material evidence has played a marginal role. It identifies landmark studies of the period, summarises the principal chroniclers that cover Stephen’s reign and discusses charters as another cornerstone of the evidence base. A major debate has centred on whether or not the period should continue to be styled as ‘the Anarchy’, with scholars taking maximalist and minimalist views of the violence and disturbances of the period. The final part of the chapter explains the approach and structure of the volume: after a chronological outline of the civil war (Chapter 2), the book covers conflict landscapes and siege warfare (Chapter 3), castles (Chapter 4), artefacts and material culture (Chapter 5), weaponry and armour (Chapter 6), the church (Chapter 7), settlements and landscape (Chapter 8), and a detailed case study of the fenland campaigns (Chapter 9), while Chapter 10 presents a self-contained concluding essay that reflects on what the material evidence can and cannot us about the conflict and its consequences.

scholarly journals On Vastness and Variability: Cultural Transmission, Historicity, and the Paleoindian Record in Eastern South America

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 1239-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASTOLFO G.M. ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
South America ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
South American ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Early Human

Eastern South America, or what is today Brazilian territory, poses interesting questions about the early human occupation of the Americas. Three totally distinct and contemporaneous lithic technologies, dated between 11,000 and 10,000 14C BP, are present in different portions of the country: the Umbu tradition in the south, with its formal bifacial industry, with well-retouched scrapers and bifacial points; the Itaparica tradition in the central-west / northwest, totally unifacial, whose only formal artifacts are limaces; and the "Lagoa Santa" industry, completely lacking any formal artifacts, composed mainly of small quartz flakes. Our data suggests that these differences are not related to subsistence or raw-material constraints, but rather to different cultural norms and transmission of strongly divergent chaînes opératoires. Such diversity in material culture, when viewed from a cultural transmission (CT) theory standpoint, seems at odds with a simple Clovis model as the origin of these three cultural traditions given the time elapsed since the first Clovis ages and the expected population structure of the early South American settlers.

Accidental Historian: An Interview with Arnold J. Bauer

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-507
Author(s):  
Charles Walker
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Abroad ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Church And Society ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The University

Appreciated among Latin Americanists in the United States and highly regarded in Chile, Arnold (“Arnie”) Bauer taught history at the University of California at Davis from 1970 to 2005, and was director of the University of California's Education Abroad Program in Santiago, Chile, for five years between 1994 and 2005. Well-known for his engaging writing style, Bauer reflects broad interests in his publications: agrarian history (Chilean Rural Society: From the Spanish Conquest to 1930 [1975]), the Catholic Church and society (as editor, La iglesia en la economía de América Latina, siglos XIX-XIX [1986]), and material culture (Goods, Power, History: Latin America's Material Culture [2001]). He has also written an academic mystery regarding a sixteenth-century Mexican codex, The Search for the Codex Cardona (2009). His coming-of-age memoir (Time's Shadow: Remembering a Family Farm in Kansas [2012]) describes his childhood and was recently named one of the top five books of 2012 by The Atlantic. He has also written some 50 articles and book chapters and more than 60 book reviews.

Power and Pleasure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Silver Plate ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Royal Courts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Court Life

Power and Pleasure reconstructs life at the court of King John and explores how his court produced both pleasure and soft power. Much work exists on royal courts of the late medieval and early modern periods, but the jump in record keeping under John allows a detailed reconstruction of court life for an earlier period. Following an introductory chapter, Chapter 2 covers hunting and falconry. Material culture forms the subject of Chapter 3, with an emphasis on luxuries such as fine textiles and gold and silver plate. Chapter 4 explores aspects of court life for which less information survives, among them art and music, games and gambling, chivalry and marshal splendour, and sexual activities, including King John’s sometimes coercive pursuit of noblewomen. Chapter 5 concerns religious life at court and a deeply unsuccessful effort to project an image of sacral kingship. Food and feasting are the subjects of Chapter 6. Chapter 7 covers royal castles and other residences, the landscapes in which the court spent time, and ceremonial activities during the court’s rapid itineration around King John’s lands. Power and pleasure are discussed throughout the book, but Chapter 8 focuses on the former, analysing various forms of symbolic communication, gift exchange, and the interaction between new forms of bureaucracy and older forms of soft power. The chapter also addresses why John received so little political benefit from his magnificent court. Chapter 9 compares John’s court to others of his own time and those of previous and subsequent centuries.

Prehistoric Art in Europe: A Deep-Time Social History

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Robb
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Social History ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Prehistoric Art ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Specialized Form ◽  
Ways Of Life

Although many researchers have studied prehistoric European artthere has been virtually no attention paid to the broad prehistory of art as a specialized form of material culture: virtually all studies focus narrowly on single bodies of art. This paper presents a new approach to analyzing prehistoric art: quantitative deep time study. It analyzes a database of 211 art traditions from across Europe and from 40,000 B.C. to 0 AD.to identify changes in the amountnatureand use of prehistoric art. The results reveal clear long-term trends. The amount of art made increased sharply with the origins of sedentary farming and continued to rise throughout prehistory. New forms of art arise in conjunction with new ways of life: “period genres “ are closely tied into patterns of social change. There are also long-term shifts in aesthetics and the uses of art (such as a gradual shift from arts of ritual and concealment to arts of surface and display). These resultsthough preliminaryshow that a deep-time approach familiar from topics such as climate change is applicable to art; the resulting social history can illuminate both art and its social context.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Michael D. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Good Reason ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Protestant Christianity

This introductory chapter argues for the continued relevance of religious freedom for Native claims. First, Native claims to religious freedom have often failed in court. Indeed, many Native peoples are understandably reluctant to speak of their traditions in the language of religion, given that their orientation to place does not conform to the conceptual shape of religion conventionally understood. Native peoples also have good reason to be reluctant because of frequent associations of the sacred with the secret. But the problem of Native American religious freedom goes far deeper. As a growing body of critical religious studies literature has shown, the reason that some religions do not fully count for religious freedom legal protection is because the particular characteristics of Protestant Christianity is naturalized and universalized at the expense of traditions characterized more by community obligations, law, and ritualized practice. A fourth criticism of engaging religious freedom is the legacy of the plain fact that religion has long been used against Native American peoples.

Catholic Settlement of Río Arriba

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Hendrickson
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Early History ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Pueblo Revolt ◽  
History Of ◽  
Popular Catholicism ◽  
Franciscan Order

This chapter tells the story of Spanish conquest and evangelization of the region known today as New Mexico. The focus is on the Franciscan order and its changing strategies to plant churches and make converts out of the native peoples. Popular Catholicism that grew up and around Pueblo and Spanish villages is also covered. The Pueblo Revolt is covered, along with the early history of New Mexico’s famous Penitentes.

The beginning and growth of agriculture in Mexico

1976 ◽  
Vol 275 (936) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Tehuacán Valley ◽  
Spanish Conquest ◽  
Tehuacan Valley

The most complete sequence of the development of agriculture is given by the Tehuacan Archaeological-Botanical Project, of which the field work was done in 1961 and 1962 by a team under R. S. MacNeish, which has studied the Tehuacan Valley in Puebla from the beginning of human occupation, about 9000 B.C.., to the Spanish Conquest. We are only concerned with the first part, up to about 2000 B.C., by which time cultivated plants contributed more than a quarter of the food supply. The area was chosen because it was a promising region to search for wild maize, and what was believed to be wild maize was indeed found there, although the claim has since been disputed. At any rate maize was improved as time went on, and other plants were domesticated or introduced from other regions, a phenomenon which can be illustrated by the sequence previously studied in NE Mexico. At the same time, population gradually increased and permanent settlements developed.

scholarly journals RURAL SITES IN PAMPHYLIA: A PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF THE AVAILABLE ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (60) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rural Sites

Located in the Antalya plain and the immediate northern part of this plain, Pamphylia was home to well-known ancient Anatolian cities Aspendos, Perge, Side and Sillyon. It can be claimed that these cities have been relatively well-researched archaeological settlements through archaeological excavations and surveys. Although the mentioned cities are archaeologically important elements of Pamphylia, the region also harbours numerous rural settlements and findspots. Especially, the cultural heritage registration activities in recent years have clearly revealed the dense human occupation and certain settlement trends in the region. Moreover, rescue excavations and individual findspots have revealed that the pre-Roman period of the region’s countryside can be dated back to at least the fifth century BCE. On the other hand, archaeological research in the region mainly focuses on the major cities and their material culture. With some exceptions such as Lyrboton Kome, the number of studies on the region’s countryside is much less compared to those of urban-focused ones. In addition, there is relatively little interest in regional-scale research that holistically deals with the rural settlements of the region. Based on these arguments, in this study, the current state of the countryside of Pamphylia will be evaluated in the light of current research and available evidence. Thus, this work also aims to establish a baseline study and starting point for future research on Pamphylia’s lesser-known countryside. Keywords: Pamphylia, Ancient Anatolian Countryside, Archaeology of Antalya, Mediterranean

scholarly journals SÍTIO ARQUEOLÓGICO TRÊS FRONTEIRAS No 7: Um Abrigo do Holoceno Médio no Alto Araçuaí, Minas Gerais

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Alessandra Mendes Carvalho Vasconcelos ◽  
Alexandre Christófaro Silva ◽  
Marcelo Fagundes ◽  
Matheus Kuchenbecker ◽  
Valdinêy Amaral Leite
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Espinhaço Range ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Rock Shelters

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma síntese das intervenções realizadas no Complexo Arqueológico Três Fronteiras, uma área que até o momento apresentou um total de 16 abrigos sob rocha quartzítica, todos com marcas evidentes de ocupação humana. A área está localizada na Serra do Espinhaço Meridional, mais precisamente em sua face leste (Serra Negra), nordeste de Minas Gerais, na bacia do Araçuaí, municípios de Felício dos Santos e de Senador Modestino Gonçalves. O abrigo no 7 foi escavado por uma equipe multidisciplinar com a intenção de obter datas e repertório cultural para posteriores análises e discussões com os resultados de outros sítios regionais escavados. Logo, o sítio Três Fronteiras no 7 obteve data de 4100 ± 30 anos AP. situando sua ocupação durante o Holoceno Médio, resultado comum para outros abrigos locais. TRÊS FRONTEIRAS ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE No 7: A Shelter of The Mid-Holocene in the Araçuaí River Basin, Minas GeraisABSTRACTThe objective of this article is to summarize the interventions so far carried out within the Três Fronteiras Archaeological Complex, composed by 16 quartzite rock shelters with outstanding evidences of human occupation. The area is located in the eastern border of the southern Espinhaço range (Serra Negra), in which is drained by the Araçuaí river basin, in the municipalities of Felício dos Santos and Senador Modestino Gonçalves, Minas Gerais. The shelter no 7 was excavated by a multidisciplinary team with the intention of obtaining ages and material culture for further analysis and comparison with other archaeological sites. The oldest evidence of occupation within the site was dated in 4100 ± 30 yr BP. (Mid Holocene), which is coherent with the chronologies found in other sites.keywords: Espinhaço Meridional Range; Mid-Holocene; Três Fronteiras; Landscapes; Paleoenvironment.

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