The Rise and Fall of the Constitutional Movement

Mirrored Loss ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Gabriele vom Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Leader ◽  
Opposition Movement

This chapter sketches the consolidation of the imamate since the departure of the Ottomans from Yemen in 1918-19, and the formation of an opposition movement against the autocratic rule of Imam Yahya Hamid al-Din in the 1930s and 40s. It highlights ‘Abdullah al-Wazir’s career as the prime negotiator and signatory of the Treaty of Ta’if following the first Saudi-Yemeni war in 1934 and as the supreme leader (Imam) of the embryonic constitutional imamate in 1948. Dealing with key data such as the failure of the constitutional revolt and ‘Abdullah al-Wazir’s and Amat al-Latif’s husband’s execution, this chapter provides the backdrop against which the following ones become intelligible.

Iran’s hopes of swift economic recovery will be dashed

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Islamic Revolution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Supreme Leader

Significance His government is in an impasse with the conservative parliament over the draft budget for the new fiscal year beginning on March 21. Rouhani needs the US sanctions to be lifted fast and a COVID-19 vaccination campaign to allow for an exit from the pandemic in order to meet his economic promises. Impacts The supreme leader will become even more closely involved in shaping economic policy, with the autarkic ‘resistance’ narrative dominant. Khamenei may seek a new ‘jihadi manager’ president, linked to the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC), who follows his economic vision. Progress with vaccinations, which began on February 8, will likely be slow, as supplies have become highly politicised.

scholarly journals Exploring and explaining participation in local opposition: brown coal mining in Horní Jiřetín

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Černoch ◽  
Lukáš Lehotský ◽  
Petr Ocelík ◽  
Jan Osička
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Brown Coal ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Research Project ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Local Opposition ◽  
Opposition Movement

This book summarizes a three-year research project on local opposition to coal mining in the Northwestern part of the Czech Republic. The research focused on the relational dimensions of the opposition movement and the political context in which the movement operates.

scholarly journals Charter 77 in the journalism of the Parisian “Kultura”

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-210
Author(s):  
Paweł Fiktus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Special Period ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
Charter 77 ◽  
Southern Neighbour ◽  
Opposition Movement

Although the Czechoslovak theme was not of particular interest in the journalism of “Kultura” (compared to Ukrainian or Lithuanian issues), it covered issues concerning Poland’s southern neighbour. The year 1968 marked a special period of increased interest in Czechoslovakia and the associated process of a series of social, political and economic reforms, which went down in history under the name of the Prague Spring. The period after the invasion by the Warsaw Pact troops and the start of the so-called process of normalization was also closely commented on by columnists and analysts of “Kultura”. However, particular attention was paid to the activities of the opposition in the area of Charter 77. The purpose of this article is to show how the Parisian “Kultura” referred to the opposition movement in Czechoslovakia. Moreover, Czechoslovak writers associated with Czechoslovak immigrant communities spoke out more often in “Kultura” pages

scholarly journals The Power of a Leader in the Samin People’s Opposition Movement to the Development of a Cement Factory in the North Kendeng Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Enkin Asrawijaya ◽  
Bambang Hudayana
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Movement Theory ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
The North ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
Stakeholder Support ◽  
Opposition Movement ◽  
Traditional Communities

This paper explores the role of a leader in the Samin people’s opposition movement to the construction of a cement factory in the Kendeng Mountains, Java, Indonesia, using Agency Theory. Using Agency Theory can readily explain why the Samin people, who undertook passive opposition to state hegemony, were later able to undertake active and open opposition. Agency became an important factor enabling the Samin people to mount an opposition that was active, open and organized. This agency is about the person of Gunretno. Data were collected using the interview and participation‒observation methods. Interviews were conducted regarding a leader who acted as an agent for opposition actions, and with informants drawn from Samin residential circles and stakeholders who supported the Samin people’s opposition movement. The results revealed that agency is a major contributor to interpreting an opposition movement’s ideological formulation, development of networks, stakeholder support, opposition movement actions of advocacy, and peaceful demonstrations. The Samin people’s opposition actions enhanced their credibility, thus contributing to their movement’s victories through the courts. These findings contribute to social movement theory, particularly in relation to farmers’ movements and traditional communities.

Socio-Political Significance of the Late 1980s — Early 1990s Lviv Underground Press

2015 ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Halushchak
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Underground Press ◽  
Opposition Movement

The author considers the historical context of functioning of uderground press in Lviv in 1980s – 1990s. The essence of the Ukrainian opposition movement and role of «samvydav» in this process is examined as well.

North Korea's economic catastrophe will only worsen

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supreme Leader ◽  
Face Saving ◽  
Second Wave

Significance Pyongyang does not publish figures, but data and estimates produced in Seoul show that North Korea’s GDP shrank by 4.5% last year, its worst fall for 23 years, and trade hit a 30-year low. In June, supreme leader Kim Jong-un called the food situation “tense” and in August he dispatched troops to help deal with flooding. Impacts Small signs of fence-mending and lack of weapons tests may imply sufficient desperation for Kim to start, or feign, denuclearisation talks. Kim's choice to halt to all foreign trade is an overreaction to COVID-19; a second wave in China will fuel this paranoia. Kim's explicit rejection of foreign aid will be hard to reverse, but not impossible if he is desperate and a face-saving mechanism is found.

Iran’s ‘resistance economy’ faces new tests in 2021

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Conservative Government ◽  
Supreme Leader ◽  
Presidential Election Campaign

Significance At the same time, the June 18 presidential election campaign is beginning, with top judge Ibrahim Raisi registering as a favoured candidate. Heading a high-profile anti-corruption campaign, Raisi has been a strong advocate of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei’s ‘resistance economy’ policy to undermine sanctions by supporting domestic production. Impacts Effective legislation to manage conflicts of interest, including of officials’ family members, will likely remain blocked. Local business interests that would benefit from more global links may have a strong voice even under a conservative government. The Islamic Revolution Guard Corps will keep a firm grip on the infrastructure sector.

scholarly journals Investigating the Juristic basis of State and Provincial Commands in the Civil Lawof Islamic Republic of Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardeshir Fathalian ◽  
Dr. Rajab Akbarzadeh ◽  
Dr. Ahmad Hosein Falahi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Supreme Leader

<p>Governmental commands are commands which the ruler of the society prescribes according to the predicted legal terms and the general well beings of the Muslims to protect the safety of the society and resolve the deadlocks. Guardian jurist's (Vilayat-e Faghih's) and supreme ruler's range of authorizations are complete and full so that Imam Khomeini announced that guardianship should include all issues for which the prophet of Islam and Shia Imams have a responsibility towards it. This study made an attempt to investigate the juristic principles of governmental commands in civil code of the Islamic Republic of Iran.The basis and evidence of the subject were referred to from Quran, narrations, Islamic jurists' and scholar's opinions and the intuition viewpoint. In the civil law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, there are some clauses like 56, 77, 79, 81, 171, 1029, and 1130 which are representative of the influence of governmental command by the supreme leader.</p>

scholarly journals Misunderstanding Abai and the legacy of the canon: “Neponyatnii” and “Neponyatii” Abai in contemporary Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Diana T. Kudaibergenova
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phone Applications ◽  
Opposition Movement ◽  
Short Essays

The Soviet canonisation of Abai, the nineteenth-century Kazakh poet and enlightener became a problematic theme for local intellectuals in the 2010s after the Occupy Abai movement in Moscow raised concerns over the heritage of Abai as a Sovietised canon and as an independent non-Soviet thinker. In 2012 oppositional leaders in Russia occupied Abai monument in Moscow and the leader of the opposition Alexey Navalny, called for his supporters to gather around the monument to unknown strange Kazakh guy using the Russian slang word – neponyatnii Kazakh. Local audience in Kazakhstan at first responded with offensive comments and questions to the Russian opposition movement – how come Abai, the Kazakh version of Russian poet and a visionary Alexander Pushkin, the symbol and canon of Soviet Kazakh literature and the symbol of post-Soviet Kazakhness and its culture could be unknown and strange? From the celebrated writer of the Soviet dekadas and Leninist prizes for Mukhtar Auezov's novel The Path of Abai ( Abai Zholy) Abai turned into neponyatnii – incomprehensible, strange (in words of Russian Alexey Navalny) and neponyatii – misunderstood poet. These discussions on popular online Russophone as well as Kazakhophone platforms and blogs opened up a debate on the legacy and problematic canonisation of Abai. Is Abai misunderstood in contemporary Kazakhstani society? From short essays when famous writer Gerold Belger speaks to Abai's monument in central Almaty to mobile phone applications featuring Abai's Qara Sozder, to the famous anonymous Abai graffiti in central Almaty and Occupy Abai movement responses in Kazakh internet sphere, I trace the mutations of Abai's canon. These discussions reveal the conflicting trends of young Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis who take their cultural criticisms online but continue using the “national” frameworks in their globalized discussions.

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