scholarly journals Charter 77 in the journalism of the Parisian “Kultura”

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-210
Author(s):  
Paweł Fiktus
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Special Period ◽  
Immigrant Communities ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
Charter 77 ◽  
Southern Neighbour ◽  
Opposition Movement

Although the Czechoslovak theme was not of particular interest in the journalism of “Kultura” (compared to Ukrainian or Lithuanian issues), it covered issues concerning Poland’s southern neighbour. The year 1968 marked a special period of increased interest in Czechoslovakia and the associated process of a series of social, political and economic reforms, which went down in history under the name of the Prague Spring. The period after the invasion by the Warsaw Pact troops and the start of the so-called process of normalization was also closely commented on by columnists and analysts of “Kultura”. However, particular attention was paid to the activities of the opposition in the area of Charter 77. The purpose of this article is to show how the Parisian “Kultura” referred to the opposition movement in Czechoslovakia. Moreover, Czechoslovak writers associated with Czechoslovak immigrant communities spoke out more often in “Kultura” pages

Tanks in the Spa Town. The New Book about the Events of the Year 1968 in Czechoslovakia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Kirill A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Fiftieth Anniversary ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Scientific Event ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Regional Perspective ◽  
The Way

This review is devoted to the monograph by Jan Nedvěd “We do not decline our heads. The events of the year 1968 in Karlovy Vary”. The Karlovy Vary municipal museum coincided its publishing with the fiftieth anniversary of the Prague spring which, considering the way of the presentation, turned the book not only to scientific event but also to the social one. The book describes sociopolitical trends in the region before the year 1968, the development of the reformist movement, the invasion and advance of the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries, and finally the decline of the reformist mood and the beginning of the normalization. Working on his writing, the author deeply studied the materials of the local archive and gathered the unique selection of the photographs depicting the passage of the soviet army through the spa town and the protest actions of its inhabitants. In the meantime, Nedvěd takes undue freedom with scientific terms, and his selection of historiography raises questions. The author bases his research on the Czech papers and scarcely uses the books of Russian origin. He also did not study the subject of the participating of the GDR’s army in the operation Danube, although these troops were concentrated on the borders of Karlovy Vary region as well. Because of this decision, there are no materials from German archives or historiography in the monograph. In general, the work lacks the width of studying its subject, but it definitively accomplishes the task of depicting the Prague spring from the regional perspective.

scholarly journals Prague Spring of 1968 and Disagreements in the Socialist Camp

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Alexandr S. Stykalin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Socialist Country ◽  
Military Intervention ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Full Support ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Military

The article analyses the different views of the leaders of the socialist countries on the Prague Spring and the August 1968 intervention of fi ve countries — members of the Warsaw Pact — in Czechoslovakia. Although Moscow tried to present the military ac- tion to suppress the Czechoslovak experiment as a manifestation of common concern for the “salvation” of Socialism in one of the countries of the bloc, the intervention did not receive, for various reasons, the full support of even all those countries that were members of the Warsaw Pact (Romania opposed it, as well as Albania, who had long distanced itself from the eastern bloc). The Hungarian leadership supported the collective action with hesitation. The intervention of 21st August was not supported by the second communist power of the world — China — and the infl uential non-aligned socialist country — Titoist Yugoslavia. Special attention is paid to the attitudes of Ro- mania and Yugoslavia, which caused new problems in Soviet-Romanian and Soviet- Yugoslav relations. Although disagreements on the Czechoslovak question persisted, by the beginning of the 1970s, Soviet-Yugoslav relations, as the author shows, did not deteriorate further. As for Romania, where they feared a similar military intervention, its leader N. Ceauşescu as early as in the autumn of 1968 took the fi rst measures to nor- malize relations with the USSR.

Varieties of Opposition to Bureaucratic Leninism in Eastern Europe, 1968–1985

2021 ◽  
pp. 223-236
Author(s):  
George W. Breslauer
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Communist Party ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
East European ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Special Service ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Prague Spring

Brezhnev’s Bureaucratic Leninism was broadly emulated (or imposed) in East European communist regimes. But it was controversial and led to many rejections. The Prague Spring of 1968 was an effort to democratize the communist party from within. It was crushed by Warsaw Pact troops. Poland experienced a repeated wave of worker rebellions, as well as a cross-class alliance that resulted in Solidarity almost coming to power, until it was crushed in 1981 by Polish special-service troops. Hungary experimented with narrow-scope marketization of its economy, insufficient to create prosperity, but enough to avoid the extent of economic stagnation plaguing the Soviet Union. All these set the stage for Gorbachev’s reforms.

1 Batalion Szturmowy podczas przygotowań i interwencji w Czechosłowacji w 1968 r

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-179
Author(s):  
Radosław Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Political Liberalization ◽  
Member States ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
The Military ◽  
Source Of Information

The intervention of the troops of five Warsaw Pact member states in Czechoslovakia in August 1968 suppressed the “Prague Spring” – a period of political liberalization. The 1st Assault Battalion was among the Polish 2nd Army units participating in operation “Danube”. The unit dealing with distant reconnaissance and diversion was split up for the duration of its activities in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, and it was given new tasks, too. One form of resistance of the inhabitants of Czechoslovakia were independent programs broadcast by radio stations, often belonging to the local army. This kind of propaganda was a surprise and a serious problem for the occupying forces. Attempts were made to locate and neutralize the transmitters. The soldiers of the 1st Assault Battalion joined these activities. In the Military Archive in Oleśnica, documentation has been preserved that was put together in this unit during its operation in Czechoslovakia in 1968. It constitutes a valuable source of information about the unit’s activities during the intervention of Warsaw Pact troops in that country.

Legalization of Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia in 1968

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-204
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Coranič
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
State Power ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Warsaw Pact ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Prague Spring ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

Legalization of Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia in 1968 This study deals with the fate (history) of the Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia in 1968. Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia was liquidated by communist state power in the period of 1950 - 1968. The Church did not legally existed, its priests and believers were incorporated violently into the Orthodox Church. Improving this situation occurred in 1968, when so Prague Spring took place in Czechoslovakia. The legalization of the Greek Catholic Church was one of its result. This process was stopped by invasion of Warsaw Pact to the Czechoslovakia in August 1968. Full restoration of the Greek Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia thus was occurred after the November revolution in 1989.

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