The Rise of Juvenile Courts and the Consolidation of Child Removal

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-79
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Protection Legislation

In the late nineteenth century, demands to curb parental sovereignty merged with campaigns for prison reform. As a result, calls gathered pace for juvenile courts which would remove children from the adult, criminal justice system and protect children from abusive parents and adults. The juvenile-court movement developed in the context of the growth of child-protection societies and child-protection legislation. Nevertheless, reformers remained frustrated by the enduring power of parental sovereignty and pushed for greater change. In 1899, reformers in Illinois achieved their ambition of creating courts that removed children from the criminal justice system, ensured children could be placed in reformatories, and empowered judges to curb guardianship rights. The courts also worked with family visitors and frequently preferred to place families and children on probation rather than move directly to child removal. Spaniards followed these developments in the USA and countries such as Belgium, and created their own courts.

scholarly journals Legal Protection Reform for Children Conflicted with Law

Rechtsidee ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Emy Rosna Wati
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

The government has long been giving protection to children. Protection is reflected in the issuance of various Law. One of them is the Law No. 23 of 2003 on Child Protection. The legal protection of children in conflicted with law and child as victims of crime are regulatedin articlenumber 64. Issuance of Law No. 3 of 1997 on Juvenile Court actually originates from a passion for protecting the rights of children in conflicted with the law. However, due to inadequate understanding and mindset of Juvenile Court, which is do not have the children’s perspective, what comes up is that the substance of Law on Juvenile Court is not to protect children but to prosecute children. However, after the release of Law No. 11 of 2012 onThe Criminal Justice System of Children, legal protection of children in conflict with the law was encouragingly reformed. How To Cite: Rosna Wati, E. (2014). Legal Protection Reform for Children Conflicted with Law. Rechtsidee, 1(1), 59-70. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v1i1.101

scholarly journals A history of Malawi’s criminal justice system: from pre-colonial to democratic periods

Fundamina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-336
Author(s):  
Lewis Chezan Bande
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Limited Government ◽  
Correctional Services ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
History Of

This contribution traces the historical development of the criminal justice system in Malawi, from the pre-colonial period, through the colonial and independence periods, to the contemporary democratic period. It highlights the major political hallmarks of each historical period and their impact on the development of the criminal justice system. The contribution shows that all aspects of the current criminal justice system – substantive criminal law, procedural law, criminallaw enforcement agencies, courts and correctional services – are products of political and constitutional processes and events of the past century. Their origins are directly traceable to the imposition of British protectorate rule on Nyasaland in the late nineteenth century. The development of the Malawian criminal justice system since then has been heavily influenced by the tension and conflict of colonialism, the brutality of one-party dictatorship and the country’s quest for a constitutional order that is based on liberal principles of democracy, rule of law, transparency and accountability, respect for human rights, limited government and equality before the law. To properly understand Malawi’s current criminal justice system, one has to know and appreciate its historical origins and development.

Restitution as a Sanction in Juvenile Court

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Staples
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Policies And Practices

Over the past decade, restitution has assumed increasing significance as a sanction both in the juvenile and in the criminal justice system. The purpose of this article is to examine the current trend toward utilizing restitution from a critical and historical perspective. Current restitution policies and practices are placed within the context of three major trends in justice: (1) the individualization of the juvenile court; (2) the growing concern with the victims of crime, and (3) the blurring of traditional distinctions between criminal and tort law. Restitution as a sanction is evaluated in the context of these three developments, and the contemporary form of restitution is compared with its historical predecessors.

scholarly journals PERAN PENYIDIK DALAM PENERAPAN DIVERSI TERHADAP PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA ANAKDI WILAYAH KABUPATEN POHUWATO

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD RIZAL LAMPATTA
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
Professional Worker

The perpetrator of the criminal act of the child cannot be equated with criminal adults. Therefore, it needs more attention in the case of children. However, the child is the successor Nations that should be developed physically and mentally. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of the Ombudsman in the performance of Marisa Polres versioned as well as analyze constraints are faced by Investigators in implementation Marisa Polres versioned. This type of research is research used empirical research focus i.e. normative on secondary data sources (research libraries). This research uses the main data source, i.e. secondary data, backed up with primary data sources. Secondary data is used that is derived from legislation such as the ACT on criminal justice system of the child, the child protection ACT, Act No. 8 Of 1981 Year Book of the Police Act, Police ACT and some of the literature-literature as well as the results of his research, and books related to the role of the Ombudsman in conducting versioned on criminal act committed by the child. Research results show that Marisa Polres in performing the investigation is a criminal act committed by the child by women and children protection Unit (UPPA). Starting from the stage of investigation, arrest, detention up at the stage of investigation conducted in accordance with the mandate of the ACT on the criminal justice system. Investigators in conducting versioned, get consideration from BAPAS. In addition, the investigators also act/mediator to conduct deliberations involving the child and the parent/guardian, the victim and the parent/guardian, supervisor of community, social professional worker based on approach restorative. Obstacles faced by Investigators in the conduct of Marisa Polres diversion that is not yet the existence of BAPAS in counties Marisa so complicate investigators to coordinate in terms of asking for consideration in doing versioned. In addition the party victims sometimes do not want to make peace so that the attempted diversion by Investigators was not achieved.

scholarly journals Model Penegakan Hukum Anak yang Berhadapan dengan Hukum dalam Proses Penyidikan

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Hamidah Abdurrachman ◽  
Fajar Ari Sudewo ◽  
Dyah Irma Permanasari
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Law ◽  
Pass Through

Upaya memberikan perlindungan terhadap Anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak menunjukkan perkembangan yang sangat berarti. Selama ini terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum, ditangani secara umum seperti orang dewasa. Anak-anak tersebut melewati proses hukum tanpa ada pendampingan bahkan segera dilakukan upaya paksa berupa penangkapan dan penahanan sehingga anak mengalami putus sekolah. Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak meletakkan fondasi perlindungan anak dengan pendekatan Keadilan Restoratif yaitu dalam penyelesaian perkara melibatkan pelaku, korban, keluarga pelaku/korban dan pihak lain yang terkait untuk bersama-sama mencari penyelesaian yang adil dengan menekankan pemulihan kembali pada keadaan semula dan bukan pembalasan. Keadilan restoratif ini diwujudkan melalui Diversi yaitu pengalihan penyelesaian perkara anak dari proses peradilan pidana ke proses ke luar pengadilan pidana. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di Jawa Tengah kasus anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum secara umum diselesaikan melalui jalur diversi dan sebagian lainnya diproses menggunakan berdasarkan KUHAP atau jalur pidana. Hal lainnya meskipun sudah menerapkan jalur diversi terhadap anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum namun belum ada keseragaman atau kesamaan model diversi sebagaimana yang diamanatkan di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak.<br /><br /><br /><em>Efforts to provide protection against Children in conflict with the law in the Criminal Justice System Child shows a very significant development. During against children in conflict with the law, generally handled as an adult. These children pass through the legal process without immediate assistance even forceful measures in the form of arrest and detention so that children have dropped out of school. Law No. 11 Year 2012 on the Criminal Justice System Child laid the foundation of child protection approach Restorative Justice that in settling disputes involving offenders, victims, family offender/victim and other relevant parties to work together to find a fair settlement with the emphasis on restoring back to its original state and not retaliation. Restorative justice is realized through the transfer of settling disputes Diversion namely children from the criminal justice process to a process outside the criminal court. The results of this research showed that in Central Java case of children in conflict with the law are generally resolved through the diversion and some processed using by the Criminal Code or the criminal path. Another thing despite applying diversion path towards children in conflict with the law but there is no uniformity or sameness models of diversion as mandated in Law No. 11 Year 2012 on Child Criminal Justice System</em><br /><br />

scholarly journals Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Anak

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
I Ketut Eka Yoga Juliantika ◽  
I Made Sepud ◽  
I Ketut Sukadana
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Child Trafficking ◽  
Procedure Code

Children are often victims of child trafficking crime. There are a lot of factors that support the crime of child trafficking, one of which is the lack of regulation on child trafficking. Based on this background, this research was conducted with the aim of describing how the regulation of child trafficking and how the criminal law policy against child trafficking. This research was designed using a normative legal research method. The results of this study indicated that the regulation of child trafficking is regulated in Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons, the Criminal Code (KUHP), namely Article 297, Article 301, Article 324, Article 328, and Article 330, RI Law No. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons, Law No. 35 of 2014 on Amendments to Law no. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection, and Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Furthermore, the criminal law policy against child trafficking is regulated in the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, Law no. 21 of 2007 concerning the Eradication of the Crime of Trafficking in Persons, Law no. 11 of 2012 concerning the Child Criminal Justice System, and Law no. 35 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law no. 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection.

scholarly journals THE ROLES OF INVESTIGATOR IN IMPLEMENTING DIVERSION ON CHILDREN CRIMINAL ACTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Zakki Mubarok ◽  
Achmad Sulchan
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Internal Constraints ◽  
Legal Understanding

Some efforts were made to overcome internal obstacles: improving coordination among investigators, intensive approaches to witnesses, improving socialization of the Criminal Justice System Law and Child Protection Act. While the efforts to overcome the external obstacles: education, rigorous interrogation, improving facilities and infrastructure and bringing together an understanding of the meaning of recidivist. This research is based on the increasingly widespread criminal cases committed by children that occurred in the jurisdiction of Polrestabes Semarang in particular and in various major cities in Indonesia in general. The results of the research indicate that: (1) The role of the investigator in the diversion implementation of child crime cases, namely the internal roles among which are coordinating with the community and with various institutions or related parties, upholding the legal system and criminal justice system in accordance with the mandate of the Act, as well as involving police (Investigator) members in training or special education. (2) The constraints faced by the investigators in the diversion implementation of child crime cases are internal constraints: lack of coordination among investigators, lack of legal understanding of witnesses, lack of socialization of the Criminal Justice System Law and Child Protection Law.

scholarly journals KAJIAN NORMATIF KEDUDUKAN ANAK SAKSI DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA ANAK

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iftar Aryaputra ◽  
Dharu Triasih ◽  
Endah Pujiastuti ◽  
Ester Romauli Panggabean ◽  
Reny Puspita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure Law ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The Law

<p>Anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum dibagi menjadi tiga katagori, yaitu anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum, anak korban, dan anak saksi. Selama ini, perhatian yang diberikan lebih banyak tertuju pada anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum dan anak korban.  Kedudukan anak saksi kurang untuk dikaji.  Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengkaji lebih dalam kedudukan anak saksi dalam peradilan pidana anak. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini yakni<em> </em>terkait pengaturan anak saksi dalam hukum positif dan bentuk perlindungan terhadap anak saksi dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian hukum normatif. Dengan demikian, sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, terutama yang berasal dari bahan hukum primer berupa perundnag-undangan terkait. Dari data yang diperoleh, selanjutnya akan dianalisis secara kualitatif, sehingga akan menghasilkan suatu penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif analisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan hasil bahwa undang-undang yang mengatur paling lengkap tentang anak saksi dalam sisitem peradilan pidana anak adalah UU No. 11 Tahun 2012. Pengaturan mengenai anak saksi cenderung tidak sistematis dalam suatu undang-undang. Ketentuan mengenai anak saksi tersebar dalam berbagai ketentuan perundang-undangan seperti UU No. 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana, UU Perlindungan Anak, UU Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, dan UU Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. Patut disayangkan, belum diatur tentang jaminan keselamatan bagi anak saksi dan pemulihan mental bagi anak saksi.</p><p><em>Children who are dealing with the law are divided into three categories, children in conflict with the law, children of victim, and children of witness. So far, more attention has been paid to children in conflict with the law and children of victims. The position of children of witness is less to be studied. This study is intended to examine more deeply the position of witnesses in the juvenile criminal justice system. The problem raised in this study is related to the arrangement of children of witnesses in positive law and the form of protection of witness children in the criminal justice system of children. This research is included in normative legal research. Thus, the data source used is secondary data, especially those derived from primary legal materials in the form of related regulations. From the data obtained, then it will be analyzed qualitatively, so that it will produce a descriptive analytical study. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the law that regulates the most complete set of witness children in the criminal justice system is Law No. 11 of 2012. Arrangements regarding witness children tend not to be systematic in a law. Provisions regarding witness children are spread in various legislative provisions such as Law No. 8 of 1981 concerning Criminal Procedure Law, Child Protection Act, Child Criminal Justice System Law, and Witness and Victim Protection Act. Unfortunately, it has not been regulated about the guarantee of safety for witness children and mental recovery for witness children.</em><em></em></p>

Juvenile Justice before Juvenile Court

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wolcott
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Juvenile Arrests

Progressive Era campaigns to establish juvenile courts maintained that police and criminal courts failed to distinguish between children and adults. They suggested that law enforcement agencies either sentenced juveniles as if they were adults, imposing excessive punishments, or let kids go, failing to discipline them and encouraging them to commit further crimes. However, this case study of juvenile arrests in turn-of-the-century Detroit indicates that, before the creation of juvenile court, criminal justice institutions had more complex interactions with delinquent youth than has been recognized previously. Boys typically were arrested for very different offenses than were adults, and the police and courts often segregated children and adolescents from the harshest elements of the criminal justice system. The police sought every opportunity to decide the outcome of juvenile arrests themselves, without a court hearing, particularly if boys had committed only status offenses such as truancy or if crime victims decided not to prosecute. When juveniles did appear in criminal courts, judges found ways to soften their experiences, rarely jailing younger boys and instead sentencing some to reform school for ostensible rehabilitation. After 1900, efforts to protect young offenders from criminal justice institutions expanded as specially assigned police officers increasingly sought to discipline delinquents prior to arrest and the courts introduced an unofficial form of probation. Rather than constituting a break from the past, the creation of Detroit’s juvenile court in 1907 mainly made official juvenile offenders’ growing separation from the criminal justice system.

scholarly journals “Seek, test, treat and retain” for hepatitis C in the United States criminal justice system

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Larney ◽  
Curt G. Beckwith ◽  
Nickolas D. Zaller ◽  
Brian T. Montague ◽  
Josiah Rich
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the potential benefits and challenges of applying a strategy of “seek, test, treat and retain” (STTR) to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the US criminal justice system. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw on the published literature to illustrate how each component of STTR could be applied to HCV in the US criminal justice system, and describe challenges to the implementation of this strategy. Findings – The burden of morbidity and mortality associated with chronic HCV infection in the USA is increasing and without significantly increased treatment uptake, will likely continue to do so for several decades. The authors argue that the US criminal justice system is an ideal focus for HCV case finding and treatment due to a high prevalence of infection and large volume of individuals in contact with this system. STTR would identify large numbers of HCV infections, leading to opportunities for secondary prevention and primary care. Important challenges to the implementation of STTR include treatment costs and training of prison medical providers. Originality/value – This paper highlights opportunities to address HCV in the US criminal justice system.

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