Quantum Measurement and Entanglement: Wave Function Collapse

2021 ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
Duncan G. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum Measurement ◽  
Projection Operator ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Epr Paradox ◽  
Wave Function Collapse ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Quantum Encryption

The postulates presented at this point are generally agreed upon as being the primary set. But in the course of these postulates, there is no mention of the consequences of measurement. This chapter discusses this problem and the solution as provided by the Von-Neumann postulate. The concept of the projection operator is introduced, and this leads naturally to the study of the quantum entangled state. The results show in part the origin of the struggle that Einstein and others had with quantum, and the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) paradox. Quantum entanglement is the key to advanced ideas in quantum encryption, teleportation, and quantum computing.

scholarly journals Quantum Computing and Complexity in Art

Leonardo ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-235
Author(s):  
Libby Heaney
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum Measurement ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Quantum Superposition ◽  
Interactive Installation

The author draws on her research experience in quantum computing to discuss the conception and form of an interactive installation, CLOUD. CLOUD explores complexity in the postdigital by referencing the principles of quantum superposition, quantum entanglement and quantum measurement.

scholarly journals ENTANGLEMENT QUANTISTICO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rimini
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Measurement ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Measurement Problem ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Entanglement State ◽  
State Uncertainty ◽  
Einstein Podolsky Rosen

This extended note deals with a pedagogical description of the entangled state of two particles, starting from first principles. After some general remarks about quantum mechanics and physical theories, the single particle case is discussed by defining state, uncertainty relations and wave function in the state space. The system of two particles is then considered, with its possible states, starting from the original papers by Einstein Podolsky Rosen and by Schroedinger. The quantum measurement problem is then introduced, together with its role in the entanglement state. Finally the orthodox solution and the relevant conclusions are drawn.

A model of quantum-von Neumann hybrid cellular automata: principles and simulation of quantum coherent superposition and dehoerence in cytoskeletal microtubules

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1&2) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Manuel Alfonseca ◽  
Alfonso Ortega ◽  
Marina de la Cruz ◽  
Stuart R. Hameroff ◽  
Rafael Lahoz-Beltra
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Quantum Biology ◽  
Wave Function Collapse ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Hybrid Cellular Automata ◽  
Coherent Superposition

Although experimental evidence suggests the influence of quantum effects in living organisms, one of the most critical problems in quantum biology is the explanation of how those effects that take place in a microscopic level can manifest in the macroscopic world of living beings. At present, quantum decoherence associated with the wave function collapse is one of the most accepted mechanisms explaining how the classical world of living beings emerges from the quantum world. Whatever the cause of wave function collapse, there exist biological systems where a biological function arises as a result of this collapse (e.g. birds navigation, plants photosynthesis, sense of smell, etc.), as well as the opposite examples (e.g. release of energy from ATP molecules at actomyosin muscle) where a biological function takes place in a quantum coherent environment. In this paper we report the modelling and simulation of quantum coherent superposition in cytoskeletal microtubules including decoherence, thus the effect of the collapse of the microtubule coherent state wave function. Our model is based on a new class of hybrid cellular automata (QvN), capable of performing as either a quantum cellular automata (QCA) or as a classical von Neumann automata (CA). These automata are able to simulate the transition or reduction from a quantum microscopic level with superposition of several quantum states, to a macroscopic level with a single stable state. Our results illustrate the significance of quantum biology explaining the emergence of some biological functions. We believe that in the future quantum biology will have a deep effect on the design of new devices, e.g. quantum hardware, in electrical engineering.

scholarly journals Powerful Scientific Projective Technique KANEHA-TIR-Ψ uses an “Integrated and Intensified-Ψ Entangled Quantum Computing”

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Chandra Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Projective Technique ◽  
Super Computing ◽  
Non Destructive

We present scientific basis of Kapil-Neha Total Internal Reflection Quantum Mechanical Projection Wave function Ψ Technique (KANEHA-TIR-Ψ Projective Technique). KANEHA-TIR-Ψ projective technique uses an integrated computing approach of quantum entanglement for brain’s functioning, programming, training and development. This technique simultaneously stimulates and applies forces/correlations on trillions of elements of fine neural networks of different sections of human brain. As a result, those elements process/entangle/correlate information among each other by ‘intensified and integrated quantum-mechanical evanescent wave tunnelling of their neuro-energy wave function potentials into neighbouring neurons and cerebrospinal fluid. This technique is so powerful that under healthy environmental conditions – it can even regenerate/repair brain’s undeveloped/damaged neuron fine tissues/ neural-network. Experiments suggest that under suitable conditions of quantum-growth, KANEHA-TIR-Ψ projective technique has shown neurogenesis ‘possible’ even in adulthood age. KANEHA-TIR-Ψ projective technique is a revolutionary invention in the field of quantum-biophysics, mental-assessment, clinical-diagnosis, quantum-entanglement, quantum super-computing, neurogenesis, and non-destructive medical surgeries. It also provides ‘firm-evidences’ about quantum computing nature of human brain using electromagnetic wave signals.

scholarly journals The Quantum World Is Astonishingly Similar to Our World: The Timing of Wave Function Collapse According to The Theory of Elementary Waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 5598-5610
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
Wave Function Collapse ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Rosetta Stone ◽  
The World ◽  
Elementary Waves ◽  
Quantum Equations ◽  
Quantum Mathematics

This is one of a series of articles building a map of elementary waves, based on experimental data and quantum mathematics. Previous articles showed that elementary waves carry no energy. Particles follow them backwards. Why? Elementary rays consist of probability amplitudes, which influence particles because that is what probability amplitudes do. Elementary waves are that part of nature corresponding to quantum mathematics. Since these waves are the physical analogs of quantum equations, those equations provide a roadmap to the world of elementary waves: a map written in hieroglyphs. Quantum math is our Rosetta stone. The quantum world is far, far more similar to the world of everyday experience than quantum experts think. Waves are in a superposition. Particles are not. Wave function collapse does not occur when we measure something. It had occurred much earlier, when the object came into existence. This resolves insoluble problems that stumped John von Neumann. The smooth functioning of a Schrödinger equation abruptly collapses into one specific eigenstate when a gun is fired, not when the bullet hits the target. The bullet that caused World War I is an example. That bullet caused an abrupt collapse of the smooth probabilities of commerce and diplomacy.

scholarly journals Optimal teleportation via noisy quantum channels without additional qubit resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Gil Im ◽  
Chung-Hyun Lee ◽  
Yosep Kim ◽  
Hyunchul Nha ◽  
M. S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Quantum Network ◽  
Quantum Channels ◽  
Maximally Entangled State ◽  
Near Term

AbstractQuantum teleportation exemplifies how the transmission of quantum information starkly differs from that of classical information and serves as a key protocol for quantum communication and quantum computing. While an ideal teleportation protocol requires noiseless quantum channels to share a pure maximally entangled state, the reality is that shared entanglement is often severely degraded due to various decoherence mechanisms. Although the quantum noise induced by the decoherence is indeed a major obstacle to realizing a near-term quantum network or processor with a limited number of qubits, the methodologies considered thus far to address this issue are resource-intensive. Here, we demonstrate a protocol that allows optimal quantum teleportation via noisy quantum channels without additional qubit resources. By analyzing teleportation in the framework of generalized quantum measurement, we optimize the teleportation protocol for noisy quantum channels. In particular, we experimentally demonstrate that our protocol enables to teleport an unknown qubit even via a single copy of an entangled state under strong decoherence that would otherwise preclude any quantum operation. Our work provides a useful methodology for practically coping with decoherence with a limited number of qubits and paves the way for realizing noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing and quantum communication.

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