Mitylene

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Love Poetry ◽  
Apostle Paul ◽  
Military Commander ◽  
World Power ◽  
Crossing Time ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
Of Greece

The beautiful island of Mitylene, known also as Lesvos or Lesbos, serves only as a footnote in the biblical account of the journeys of the Apostle Paul, but its fine museums and splendid scenery make it well worth including in visits to the Greek islands. Noted since antiquity as a place of unusual warmth and sunshine, even in winter, this third largest of the Greek islands produces the finest olive oil in all of Greece. The interior of the island is mountainous and forested, and the northern side of the island, around picturesque Methymna, provides excellent beaches. Mitylene (also the name of the capital city) lies less than 10 miles off the Turkish coast. It can be reached by flights from Athens and Thessaloniki (approximately one hour); ferries also run from these ports, but the crossing time is 9–12 hours. There is a ferry that connects the island to Ayvalik, Turkey; Pergamum is only 35 miles inland. Until the 6th century B.C.E., when Pitticus, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, served as sole ruler of the island (r. 589–579 B.C.E.), the towns of Mitylene and Methymna struggled for dominance of the island. During this time Mitylene developed a strong maritime fleet, extended its commerce as far as Egypt, and achieved fame for its notable poets, Alcaeus and Sappho (6th century B.C.E.). The poetry of Sappho was greatly admired by both Solon and Plato, who called her the tenth Muse. An aristocrat who established a school for women at Mitylene, Sappho became world-famous, or infamous, because of her love poetry concerning women. Much of the ridicule directed toward her came from the Athenian comic poets, who lampooned the greater freedom given to women on Mitylene. In the 4th century B.C.E., the famous philosophers Aristotle and Epicurus both taught on Mitylene. Julius Caesar first won distinction as a military commander when the Romans invaded the island in the 1st century B.C.E. Over the following centuries the island suffered repeated invasions by one world power after another until 1462, when it was taken by the Turks, who retained possession of it until 1912.

scholarly journals Aristotle My Beloved: Poetry, Diagnosis, and the Dreams of Julius Caesar Scaliger*

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Louise Haugen
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Love Poetry ◽  
Love Lyric

AbstractNotoriously Aristotelian in his poetic theory, linguistics, and natural philosophy, Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558) also reimagined the lost love poetry that Aristotle himself was said to have written. Scaliger'sNew Epigramsof 1533 combine a distinctively humanist view of Aristotle as an elegant polymath with a sustained experiment in refashioning the Petrarchan love lyric. Most visibly in poems about dreams and dreaming, Scaliger educes his speaker's erotic despair from philosophical problems in contemporary Aristotelian accounts of the soul, knowledge, and personal identity. The strange but compelling texts that result form a crossroads for Scaliger's own identities as physician, philosopher, and poet.

Behold the raking geison: the new Acropolis Museum and its context-free archaeologies

Antiquity ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (328) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Plantzos
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Western World ◽  
New City ◽  
Idealised Model ◽  
The One ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Of Greece

In December 1834 Athens became the capital city of the newly founded Hellenic Kingdom. King Otto, the Bavarian prince whose political and cultural initiative shaped much of what modern Greece is today, sought to design the new city inspired by the heavily idealised model of Classical Hellas (see Bastea 2000). The emerging capital was from the outset conceived as aheterotopiaof Hellenism, a Foucauldian 'other space' devoted to Western Classicism in view of the Classical ruins it preserved. The Acropolis became, naturally, the focal point of this effort. At the same time, however, and as Greek nationalist strategies were beginning to unfold, Classical antiquity became a disputedtopos,a cultural identity of sorts contested between Greece on the one hand and the 'Western world' on the other (see Yalouri 2001: 77–100). Archaeological sites thus became disputed spaces, claimed by various interested parties of national or supra-national authority wishing to impose their own views on how they should be managed — and to what ends (Loukaki 2008). The Acropolis was duly cleansed from any non-Classical antiquities and began to be constructed as an authentic Classical space, anationalproject still in progress. As Artemis Leontis has argued in her discussion of Greece as a heterotopic 'culture of ruins', the Acropolis of Athens, now repossessed by architectural renovation and scholarly interest, functions'as a symbol not of Greece's ancient glory but of its modern predicament'(Leontis 1995: 40–66; see also McNeal 1991; Hamilakis 2007: 85–99).

Rhodes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Ancient World ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Apostle Paul ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World

Nearly two million visitors a year come to the historic island of Rhodes to enjoy its sun, beaches, and famous medieval city. Rhodes is the largest island of the Dodecanese, or Twelve Islands, although there are actually two hundred small islands that compose the group. Historically it was the home of the world-renowned Colossus of Rhodes, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. It is also mentioned in the Bible as one of the ports visited by the boat carrying the Apostle Paul to Jerusalem on his return from his third, and last, missionary journey. The island of Rhodes lies much closer to Turkey than to Greece, but it can be easily reached by frequent flights from Athens or by ferry from Piraeus (14 hours), the port of Athens; from Kusadasi through Samos (6 hours); or from Bodrum, Marmaris, or Fethiye (between 1½ and 2 hours). Flights are also available from Thessaloniki and Crete, and in summer from Santorini and Mykonos as well. Because of its favorable location close to the shoreline of Asia Minor and between Greece and Israel, Rhodes was favored for development in antiquity. Both its eastern and western ports were frequented by traders and merchants, and numerous ancient writers mention it as a place of both economic and cultural achievement. In the 4th century B.C.E. Rhodes even surpassed Athens as a center for trade and commerce. The island also became renowned for its school of rhetoric, founded in 324 B.C.E., at which such distinguished Romans as Cicero, Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Tiberius studied. Famous citizens of Rhodes included the poet Apollonios and the sculptors Pythocretes (who created the famed Nike of Samothrace, which was dedicated by the citizens of Rhodes to commemorate their victory over Antiochus III in 190 B.C.E.) and Chares of Lindos (sculptor of the Colossus of Rhodes). The world-famous Laocoön, a sculpture that depicts the priest of Apollo and his children in the grip of two great snakes, was produced by three sculptors from Rhodes, Agesander, Athinodoros, and Polydoros.

Adding Value to Olive Oil Production Through Waste and Wastewater Treatment and Valorisation: The Case of Greece

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Valta ◽  
E. Aggeli ◽  
C. Papadaskalopoulou ◽  
V. Panaretou ◽  
A. Sotiropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Of Greece

Agesilaus and Sparta

1976 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Cawkwell
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
World Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Of Greece

In 404 Sparta stood supreme, militarily and politically master of Greece, in concord with Persia. By 362, the year at which Xenophon terminated his history on the sad note of ‘even greater confusion and uncertainty’, she was eclipsed militarily, never to win a great battle again; and so far from being master even of the Peloponnese that she would spend the rest of time struggling to recover her own ancestral domain of Messenia, no longer a world power, merely a local wrangler. The reasons for all this which are to seek are of absorbing interest and prime importance for the history of Greece, but it is hard to resist the temptation to connect the change with the policies of Agesilaus whose reign virtually coincided with the period in question. He was king for forty-one years and over thirty of them well before the battle of Leuctra (Plut. Ages. 40) and he had influence in the state unequalled as far as we can tell by any other king.

Greeks, Romans, Germans

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Chapoutot
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
World War ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
The Press ◽  
The World ◽  
German People ◽  
Of Greece

Much has been written about the conditions that made possible Hitler's rise and the Nazi takeover of Germany, but when we tell the story of the National Socialist Party, should we not also speak of Julius Caesar and Pericles? This book argues that to fully understand the racist, violent end of the Nazi regime, we must examine its appropriation of the heroes and lessons of the ancient world. When Hitler told the assembled masses that they were a people with no past, he meant that they had no past following their humiliation in World War I of which to be proud. The Nazis' constant use of classical antiquity—in official speeches, film, state architecture, the press, and state-sponsored festivities—conferred on them the prestige and heritage of Greece and Rome that the modern German people so desperately needed. At the same time, the lessons of antiquity served as a warning: Greece and Rome fell because they were incapable of protecting the purity of their blood against mixing and infiltration. To regain their rightful place in the world, the Nazis had to make all-out war on Germany's enemies, within and without.

Cenchreae

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde E. Fant ◽  
Mitchell G. Reddish
Keyword(s):  
Asia Minor ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Apostle Paul ◽  
The Road ◽  
Tidal Waves ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Port ◽  
Bronze Statue ◽  
Modern Turkey

Today it is hard to imagine the busy harbor of ancient Cenchreae, one of the most important ports in the Roman world, at the desolate spot on a small bay that marks its former location. Yet the underwater ruins there still suggest the history of famous travelers, such as the Apostle Paul, whose feet once walked on the sunken stones. To reach Cenchreae, follow the signs from Corinth to Isthmia and continue toward the village of Keries, some 3 miles past Isthmia. The site is not well marked but is easily discernible from the road. Cenchreae, the eastern port of Corinth on the Saronic Gulf, enabled maritime travel and commercial activity between Asia Minor and Corinth. The harbor was certainly in existence by the time of the Peloponnesian War and likely was constructed considerably earlier. It was first mentioned by Thucydides in his description of the attack by the Athenians upon Corinth in 425 B.C.E. The site was abandoned following the destruction of Corinth in 146 B.C.E., but new harbor facilities were built when Julius Caesar revived Corinth in 44 C.E. Two new moles (breakwaters) were added at that time to provide a deep-water port. Strabo later described Cenchreae as the naval station of Corinth, 70 stadia (7 miles) to the east, and the port used for its trade with Asia (the western coast of Asia Minor, modern Turkey). Pausanius said that the harbor got its name from Cenchreas, the son of Poseidon and Peirene. He described Cenchreae as having a bronze statue of Poseidon on a mole that extended into the sea at the southern end of the harbor, with temples of Isis and Asclepius at the same end of the harbor. A temple of Aphrodite stood at the north side of the harbor. Cenchreae also was the port used by the Apostle Paul in the 1st century in his travels to Asia Minor and Syria. The harbor was badly damaged by earthquakes and tidal waves in 365 and 375 C.E., but it was later restored and continued to be a significant port until its final destruction by the Slavs around 580 C.E.

scholarly journals Dominant and rare SARS-Cov2 variants responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic in Athens, Greece.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Spanakis ◽  
Katerina Kassela ◽  
Nikolas Dovrolis ◽  
Maria Bampali ◽  
Elisavet Gatzidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Full Genome Analysis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Local Transmission ◽  
Of Greece

SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is a novel Coronavirus responsible for the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Since the beginning of the pandemic, the virus has spread in almost the entire world. Tracing and tracking virus international and local transmission has been an enormous challenge. Chains of infections starting from various countries worldwide seeded the outbreak of COVID-19 in Athens, capital city of Greece. Full-genome analysis of isolates from Athens' Hospitals and other healthcare providers revealed the variety of SARS-CoV-2 that initiated the pandemic before lock-down and passenger flight restrictions. The present work may serve as reference for resolving future lines of infection in the area and Europe especially after resumption of passenger flight connections to Athens and Greece during summer of 2020.

Ancient Corinth

1955 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
R. J. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Turn On ◽  
History Of ◽  
Of Greece

The student of anniversaries who is not particular to a year or two will recall that some two thousand years ago this year Corinth was refounded by Julius Caesar, following its destruction a little more than a hundred years before by Mummius. ‘Non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum’, said Horace, translating what seems to have been a Greek proverb. Whether or not this means that a merchant and his money were soon parted amid the less respectable joys of Corinth, it seems to turn on the wealth and luxury of what was once the second city of Greece: a city, despite the fact that she suffers in our ideas from having played second fiddle politically and culturally to Athens and Sparta, of exceptional importance in the history of Greece. Thus is justified an effort to outline her history on this anniversary occasion.

Institutional and transformational migration and the politics of community: Greek internal migrants and their Migrants' Association in Athens

1983 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret E. Kenna
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Capital City ◽  
World War ◽  
Building Trade ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
Rural Depopulation ◽  
Wage Earning ◽  
Of Greece

This paper is about migration from a small Cycladic island (1) to Athens, the capital city of Greece, and chiefly concerns those male migrants for whom migration entails a change from agricultural labour to work in the building trade. The first part of the paper briefly sets the depopulating island of Nisos in the context of Greek rural depopulation, migration within and from Greece, and the growth of Athens. Migration from Nisos from 1840 to 1940 fitted into traditional expectations about an island-man's wage-earning activities at a certain stage in his life and is therefore interpreted here as supporting established island institutions. Migration since World War II and the Greek civil war (1945–49) is interpreted as transforming island life and even threatening the continued existence of a viable community. The second part of the paper gives an account of the involvement of Nisiot migrants in the building trade as workmen, subcontractors and property-owners, and discusses the tensions which have arisen between members of old-established migrant families and more recent migrants enriched by the building boom.

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