High Pay Gets Higher, Low Pay Gets Lower

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Low Pay ◽  
Very High

This chapter studies the effects of wages on health. A 2018 health policy brief in Health Affairs highlights fluctuations in wages and how population health reflects these changes. In the brief, the authors emphasize that the labor market does not strictly follow basic economic assumptions. In particular, an increase in wages may not reduce quantity or quality of work, as an economist critiquing minimum wage hikes might expect. Instead, the study’s authors argue that increased wages can improve productivity by boosting morale. Wages between 1979 and 2013 rose notably only for those with very high pay; people in the middle wage group have not seen much of an increase in pay over the years. Meanwhile, those with very low wages have almost exclusively seen drops in their pay over the decades. The study authors then explain how increases in the minimum wage can positively impact health, citing prior research on the connections to lower smoking, fewer missed work days, and improved birthweight. With many states looking to raise their minimum wages, the authors recommend that those still caught in the debate should approach the decision from both a health and economic perspective.

scholarly journals Quality of Work as a Challenge for Modern Management of Human Resources in Relation to Employees from Z-Generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Robak ◽  
Anna Albrychiewicz-Słocińska
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Modern Management ◽  
Quality Of Work

Abstract The goal of the paper is to present chosen problems of management of Z-Generations’ employees connected with the quality of work. The characteristics of the youngest employees revealing their specific attitude towards work and expectations toward employers as well as lack of competences show particular importance of the issue of quality of work in relation to this generation. Nowadays, focusing employees on the quality of work does not mean only precise implementation of strictly defined tasks, because this type of performed work can be ensured by the increasingly widespread automation and robotization of workplaces. Taking up the issues of challenges which for the contemporary human resource management is the quality of working conditions, in relation to the representatives of the Z-generation (Gen Z), paper presents the results of researches and reports illustrating the specificity of these young employees on the labor market. The article attempts to analyze the functioning of the youngest employees and showing instruments by means of which the managers of organizations can shape the involvement of these generation and thus improve the quality of their work.

scholarly journals Minimum Wages, Morality, and Efficiency: A Choice Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
Conor Lennon ◽  
Jose Fernandez ◽  
Stephan Gohmann ◽  
Keith Teltser
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Point Reduction ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Moral Assessment

We use a choice experiment to examine public support for minimum wages. We first elicit respondents' moral assessment of two labor market systems: one with a minimum wage and one without. Then, we present four pairs of hypothetical employment outcomes and ask respondents to “vote.” Our estimates suggest that the average respondent requires a 4.65 percentage point reduction in unemployment before they would support a system without a minimum wage. We also find that equity matters; respondents are 11.1 percentage points less likely to support a minimum wage if it disproportionately affects minorities and females.

Book Reviews

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 558-560
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
New York University ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Welfare Impacts ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
The Impact

Etienne Wasmer of Sciences Po and LIEPP reviews, “The Minimum Wage and Labor Market Outcomes” by Christopher J. Flinn. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Presents a model based on search and bargaining to use in investigating the impact of a minimum wage on labor market outcomes. Discusses descriptive evidence on minimum wage effects; a model of minimum wage effects on labor market careers; labor market and welfare impacts of minimum wages; minimum wage effects on labor market outcomes—a selective survey; assessing the welfare impacts of actual changes in the minimum wage; econometric issues; model estimates and tests; optimal minimum wages; the on-the-job search; and heterogeneity. Flinn is Professor of Economics at New York University and Senior Research Fellow at Collegio Carlo Alberto.”

Applying complexity theory to solve hospitality contrarian case conundrums

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Po-Hsun Hsiao ◽  
Chyi Jaw ◽  
Tzung-Cheng (T.C.) Huan ◽  
Arch G. Woodside
Keyword(s):  
Work Performance ◽  
Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Configural Theory ◽  
Related Service ◽  
Configural Analysis ◽  
Very High

Purpose This paper aims to advance a configural asymmetric theory of the complex antecedents to hospitality employee happiness-at-work and managers’ assessments of employees’ quality of work performance. The study transcends variable and case-level analyses to go beyond prior statistical findings of small-to-medium effect sizes of happiness–performance relationships; the study here identifies antecedent paths involving high-versus-low happy employees associating with high-versus-low managers’ assessments of these employees’ performances. Design/methodology/approach The study merges data from surveys of employees (n = 247) and surveys completed by their managers (n = 43) and by using qualitative comparative analysis via the software program, fsQCA.com. The study analyzes data from Janfusan Fancyworld, the largest (in revenues and number of employees) tourism business group in Taiwan; Janfusan Fancyworld includes tourist hotels, amusement parks, restaurants and additional firms in related service sectors. Findings The findings support the four tenets of configural analysis and theory construction: recognize equifinality of different solutions for the same outcome, test for asymmetric solutions, test for causal asymmetric outcomes for very high versus very low happiness and work performance and embrace complexity. Research limitations/implications Additional research in other firms and additional countries is necessary to confirm the usefulness of examining algorithms for predicting very high (low) happiness and very high (low) quality of work performance. The implications are substantial that configural theory and research will resolve perplexing happiness–performance conundrums. Practical implications The study provides useful case-level algorithms involving employees’ demographic characteristics and their assessments of work facet-specifics which are useful for explaining very high happiness-at-work and high quality of work performance (as assessed by managers) – as well as algorithms explaining very low happiness and very low quality of work performance. Originality/value The study is the first to propose and test the tenets of configural theory in the context of hospitality frontline service employees’ happiness-at-work and managers’ assessments of these employees’ quality of work performances.

Health, wellbeing and quality of life

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Curl ◽  
Julie Clark
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Transport Policy ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Private Car ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Significant Health

Transport is fundamental to health, wellbeing and quality of life. By providing accessibility and mobility, it contributes positively to population health in numerous ways. At the same time, many significant health challenges can also be attributed to particular ways of travelling, with the dominance of the private car a particular issue. Transport has the potential to address health inequalities, yet despite a recent upsurge of interest in the benefits of active travel, health is seldom a primary consideration in transport policy. Proposing an agenda for change that puts health and wellbeing at the heart of transport policy, we investigate how transport and health policy can intertwine to realise the benefits of transport while mitigating its negative impacts, and argue that the underlying purpose of transport policy must be to improve the health and wellbeing of citizens.

scholarly journals Effects of digitalization on the labor market in Baden-Wuerttemberg

2018 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Oliver Sievering
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High ◽  
Southwest Part

The technological change is constantly progressing. Digitalization opens up great opportunities for a higher quality of life. It enables more efficient business models and it also has a significant impact on the labor market. More and more tasks, which could be done only by humans so far, will be taken over by computers or robots in the future. It is controversial whether digitalization will lead to a higher unemployment or to a growth in employment because digitalization also creates new kind of jobs. While the impact on labor markets can not be clearly predicted, the fear of digitalization is huge. Many employees in Germany have jobs with a high potential of substitutability. The proportion of employees affected by severe effects of digitalization is estimated to range from 8.1% to 20.4% - depending on the federal-state. In Baden-Wuerttemberg, a very high substitution potential is assumed. Will unemployment significantly rise in the southwest part of Germany?

The Impact of the 1896 Factory and Shops Act on the Labor Market of Victoria, Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-821
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Seltzer ◽  
Jeff Borland
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the effects of the Victorian Factory and Shops Act, the first minimum wage law in Australia. The Act differed from modern minimum wage laws in that it established Special Boards, which set trade-specific minimum wage schedules. We use trade-level data on average wages and employment by gender and age to examine the effects of minimum wages. Although the minimum wages were binding, we find that the effects on employment were modest, at best. We speculate that this was because the Special Boards, which were comprised of industry insiders, closely matched the labor market for their trades.

scholarly journals Economic and social aspects in the analysis of public policies related to brazilian labor market and its performance in the application of capability approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Gustavo Barby Pavani ◽  
Marco Antônio César Villatore ◽  
Augustus Bonner Cochran III
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Capability Approach ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Economic Crises ◽  
Quality Of Work ◽  
Brazilian Government

Given the cyclical nature of economic crises, this paper aims to demonstrate the importance of employment as a means of promoting the expansion of individual capabilities. It analyzes the Brazilian labor market and its characteristics, eliciting the relevance of addressing the quality of work, especially about its precarity, focusing in reducing inequalities and social exclusion. The paper also outlines about public policies applied by the Brazilian government and points out some alternatives for the country’s labor market based on the expansion of personal freedoms.

scholarly journals The Elusive Employment Effect of the Minimum Wage

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Alan Manning
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Imperfect Competition ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Employment Effect ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Negative Effect

It is hard to find a negative effect on the employment effect of rises in the minimum wage: the elusive employment effect. It is much easier to find an impact on wages. This paper argues the elusive employment effect is unlikely to be solved by better data, methodology, or specification. The reasons for the elusive employment effect are the factors contributing to why the link between higher minimum wages and higher labor costs are weaker than one might think and because imperfect competition is pervasive in the labor market.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document