Developmental Perspectives on Youth Religious Non-Affiliation

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-171
Author(s):  
Sam A. Hardy ◽  
Gregory S. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Religious Development ◽  
Historical Trends ◽  
The Family ◽  
Developmental Contexts ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Qualitative Changes

This chapter presents a developmental perspective on historical increases in youth non-affiliation. First, it describes changes that happen in religiousness across adolescence, focusing on quantitative and qualitative changes. In terms of quantitative changes, generally, religiousness declines across adolescence. In terms of qualitative changes, a sizable minority of youth leave religion during adolescence. Second, the chapter explains these changes, focusing on individual and contextual predictors of quantitative and qualitative changes. In terms of individual predictors, it focuses on gender, ethnicity, personality, behavior, and various dimensions of religiousness. In terms of contextual predictors, it focuses on the family, the religious community, and peers. Third, the chapter identifies ways parents and religious leaders might be able to optimize adolescent religious development. Its suggestions are grounded in self-determination theory, which articulates characteristics of developmental contexts that may help or hinder internalization of religiousness. Finally, the chapter connects individual religious development to historical trends.

scholarly journals Prosociality in Relation to Developmental Tasks of Emerging Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Iwona Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Developmental Tasks ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basic Human Needs

Prosociality, understood as the capacity to act in a way that benefits others, is an important feature for emerging adults to fulfill their personal needs and fulfill developmental tasks. This life period is a time of exploration within various areas of life, enabling individuals to try out and choose own worldview, lifestyle, work and preferred patterns of interpersonal relationships. This review aims at bringing together the evidence on how prosociality (prosocial orientations, values, behaviors) or deficits in such features may be linked to the fulfillment of three basic human needs as conceptualized by the self-determination theory in emerging adults. The relation of prosociality to the three tasks in the context of development in emerging adulthood: (1) reaching autonomy from the family of origin, (2) achieving own identity and (3) establishing positive relationships with others, are outlined based on a literature review. Implications for future research are also provided.

Frustration and Violence in Mobile Video Games

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Petr Květon ◽  
Martin Jelínek
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Basic Psychological Needs ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Mobile Video ◽  
Violent Content ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. This study tests two competing hypotheses, one based on the general aggression model (GAM), the other on the self-determination theory (SDT). GAM suggests that the crucial factor in video games leading to increased aggressiveness is their violent content; SDT contends that gaming is associated with aggression because of the frustration of basic psychological needs. We used a 2×2 between-subject experimental design with a sample of 128 undergraduates. We assigned each participant randomly to one experimental condition defined by a particular video game, using four mobile video games differing in the degree of violence and in the level of their frustration-invoking gameplay. Aggressiveness was measured using the implicit association test (IAT), administered before and after the playing of a video game. We found no evidence of an association between implicit aggressiveness and violent content or frustrating gameplay.

Modeling Self-Determination Theory Motivation Data by Using Unfolding IRT

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Philipp A. Freund ◽  
Annette Lohbeck
Keyword(s):  
Ideal Point ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Dominance Model ◽  
Irt Model ◽  
Autonomous Behavior ◽  
Location Parameters ◽  
Unfolding Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Item Location

Abstract. Self-determination theory (SDT) suggests that the degree of autonomous behavior regulation is a characteristic of distinct motivation types which thus can be ordered on the so-called Autonomy-Control Continuum (ACC). The present study employs an item response theory (IRT) model under the ideal point response/unfolding paradigm in order to model the response process to SDT motivation items in theoretical accordance with the ACC. Using data from two independent student samples (measuring SDT motivation for the academic subjects of Mathematics and German as a native language), it was found that an unfolding model exhibited a relatively better fit compared to a dominance model. The item location parameters under the unfolding paradigm showed clusters of items representing the different regulation types on the ACC to be (almost perfectly) empirically separable, as suggested by SDT. Besides theoretical implications, perspectives for the application of ideal point response/unfolding models in the development of measures for non-cognitive constructs are addressed.

Challenge Demands, Hindrance Demands, and Psychological Need Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon L. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Need Satisfaction ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Psychological Need ◽  
Practical Implications

The job demands-resources (JD-R) model provides a well-validated account of how job resources and job demands influence work engagement, burnout, and their constituent dimensions. The present study aimed to extend previous research by including challenge demands not widely examined in the context of the JD-R. Furthermore, and extending self-determination theory, the research also aimed to investigate the potential mediating effects that employees’ need satisfaction as regards their need for autonomy, need for belongingness, need for competence, and need for achievement, as components of a higher order needs construct, may have on the relationships between job demands and engagement. Structural equations modeling across two independent samples generally supported the proposed relationships. Further research opportunities, practical implications, and study limitations are discussed.

Control in Flexible Working Arrangements

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Gerdenitsch ◽  
Bettina Kubicek ◽  
Christian Korunka
Keyword(s):  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Decision Latitude ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Supported by media technologies, today’s employees can increasingly decide when and where to work. The present study examines positive and negative aspects of this temporal and spatial flexibility, and the perceptions of control in these situations based on propositions of self-determination theory. Using an exploratory approach we conducted semi-structured interviews with 45 working digital natives. Participants described positive and negative situations separately for temporal and spatial flexibility, and rated the extent to which they felt autonomous and externally controlled. Situations appraised positively were best described by decision latitude, while negatively evaluated ones were best described by work–nonwork conflict. Positive situations were perceived as autonomous rather than externally controlled; negative situations were rated as autonomously and externally controlled to a similar extent.

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