Gauging (Perceived) Corruption

Author(s):  
Daron R. Shaw ◽  
Brian E. Roberts ◽  
Mijeong Baek

Chapter 3 aims to gauge both the reality of, as well as public opinion on, the central issue of corruption. It investigates public opinion on corruption among elected officials, source of corruption, effectiveness of laws and regulations in mitigating corruption, support for campaign finance reforms, etc. The data strongly suggest that people think corruption is rampant despite limited evidence that quid pro quo corruption is anything more than a minor problem. This fundamental attitude has not changed much in the wake of the Citizens United decision. Furthermore, they believe the problem is mostly intractable and that most of the commonly proposed reforms of the campaign finance system will not work. Nevertheless, they still support these reforms. Moving from simple descriptive data to more associational analyses, this chapter also explores the effect of campaign finance laws on campaign spending and then the effect of both on corruption attitudes. The results are not what the Court would have expected.

Author(s):  
Daron R. Shaw ◽  
Brian E. Roberts ◽  
Mijeong Baek

Chapter 2 establishes a baseline by reviewing public opinion concerning money and politics, pre– and post–Citizens United, focusing on what Americans know about money in politics and campaign spending. On the one hand, given that citizens are typically not well informed about politics, it should come as no surprise that they do not know all that much about candidate spending or campaign finance. On the other hand, the public is not completely off base with respect to its sense of money in politics, and this basic intuition is perhaps even sharper in the post–Citizens United era. The data suggest that while Americans know a little bit about campaign finance, there is no systematic correlation between the regulatory environment of the state and how much people in that state know about campaign finance.


Author(s):  
Simon Weschle

Abstract Existing research on the revolving door examines why employers hire former politicians. I complement this demand-side approach by demonstrating the importance of the supply-side. In particular, I argue that one important institutional factor that shapes politicians' willingness to leave office for a private sector job is campaign finance legislation. Less restrictive rules increase campaign spending for incumbents, which makes revolving door employment less attractive. Empirically, I use novel data from the US states and a difference-in-differences design to show that the exogenous removal of campaign finance legislation through Citizens United reduced the probability that incumbents left office to work as lobbyists. The supply-side approach provides insights into comparative differences in the prevalence of the revolving door.


Author(s):  
MARTIN GILENS ◽  
SHAWN PATTERSON ◽  
PAVIELLE HAINES

Abstract Despite a century of efforts to constrain money in American elections, there is little consensus on whether campaign finance regulations make any appreciable difference. Here we take advantage of a change in the campaign finance regulations of half of the U.S. states mandated by the Supreme Court’s Citizens United decision. This exogenously imposed change in the regulation of independent expenditures provides an advance over the identification strategies used in most previous studies. Using a generalized synthetic control method, we find that after Citizens United, states that had previously banned independent corporate expenditures (and thus were “treated” by the decision) adopted more “corporate-friendly” policies on issues with broad effects on corporations’ welfare; we find no evidence of shifts on policies with little or no effect on corporate welfare. We conclude that even relatively narrow changes in campaign finance regulations can have a substantively meaningful influence on government policy making.


Author(s):  
Hendrawati

The research of Women recruitment be a (legislative) politician be held on Kotabaru Regency and Tanah Bumbu Regency at South Kalimantan Province. The Objective is a known and seen recruitment or woman candidate to be a (legislative) politician. This research used methods survey with the quantitative approach, intended to descriptive data via questionnaire to respondent. Data who not can be covered in this research be equipped with the quantitative approach with depth interview. The result showing the public opinion seen women presence as politician more comprehensive likely on Act No.8 Years 2012 to encourage strengthening the role, position, and strategic about 30% women representation in legislative. But what happens, proportion women member on legislative failed to reach 30% of affirmative action, beside patriarchy culture still shadowing women candidates for legislative so that so difficult to strengthen the trust of the voters. And then, ration of women representation has decrease, both locally, province and center at 2014 Election. Keyword : recruitment, Women, Politician, Legislative   ABSTRAK Penelitian rekrutmen perempuan menjadi politisi (legislatif) berlokasi di Kabupaten Kotabaru dan Tanah Bumbu, Kalimantan Selatan. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui dan melihat rekrutmen atau pencalonan perempuan menjadi politisi (legislatif). Metode yang digunakan melalui survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dimaksudkan untuk mendiskripsikan data melalui kuesioner kepada responden. Data yang tidak tercover dalam penelitian ini, maka dilengkapi dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa opini public melihat keberadaan perempuan sebagai politisi lebih konprehensif berpeluang dalam UU No.8 Tahun 2012 untuk mendorong penguatan peran, posisi dan strategis tentang keterwakilan perempuan 30% di lembaga legislative. Namun apa yang terjadi, proporsi anggota legisatif perempuan yang terpilih gagal mencapai affirmative action 30%, disamping budaya patriarki masih membayangi para caleg perempuan juga gagalnya pengkaderan dan pendidikan politik serta rekrutmen politisi perempuan (DPR) yang kurang selektif sehingga sulit memperkuat kepercayaan pemilih. Akhirnya jatah keterwakilan perempuan mengalami penurunan, baik ditingkat, lokal, provinsi, maupun tingkat pusat pada pemilu 2014. Kata kunci: rekrutmen, perempuan, politisi, legislatif


Author(s):  
Robert E. Mutch

Citizens United undermined more than 100 years of campaign finance law when it gave corporations the First Amendment right to spend money in elections. Congress had said in 1907 that corporations did not have that right; that First Amendment rights were the rights...


Human Affairs ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Michl

E. H. Gombrich's Adoption of the Formula form Follows Function: A Case of Mistaken Identity?This article is a longer note on what is a minor problem in the oeuvre of a great art historian. Its theme is E. H. Gombrich's use of the formula form follows function as the summary of his commonsense approach to the problem of style change. Although I am not sure how interesting this inquiry is in an art historical context, from the perspective of my own field of design history and of modernist design theory, Gombrich's adoption of the formula constitutes an intriguing problem.


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