Elected Without Buying Vote: Woman Candidate, Canvassing, and Programmatic Campaign in the 2019 Local Legislative Election

Although extensive studies have been carried out on women candidates in the Indonesia election, no specific attention discusses elected women candidates without relying on vote-buying. This paper seeks to explain how and to what extend the winning strategy of a woman candidate elected with limited financial resources. We argue that door to door canvassing and programmatic campaign through social media are a crucial alternative strategy for a woman candidate to mobilize voters. The argument builds based on the case study of an elected woman candidate from the Indonesian Solidarity Party at district 10 of the Jakarta provincial parliament. This article shows that a woman candidate prioritized personal communication with voters directly and policy program campaign as a central winning strategy. There is a more optimistic story about an elected woman candidate in the local legislative election when compared to previous studies. Our findings confirm that a woman candidate could secure the parliament seat without relying on vote-buying, political dynasty, and male power.

Is There a Black Woman Candidate Prototype?

This chapter conducts a visual content analysis of Black women candidates’ headshots to examine whether there is a “phenotypic archetype” of Black women candidates to which Black women are exposed. Findings from an original dataset on the appearances of Black women candidates who sought office in 2018 align with prior research on colorism and representation. The chapter presents data that shows that the pool of Black women candidates skews lighter-skinned with straightened hair, and that candidates who wear braids or locs may disproportionately lose their contests. These findings suggest that Black women who seek local-level offices with natural styles like locs may find it difficult to enter political office and to rise to higher levels of office. The exploratory findings presented in the chapter illustrate a patterned preference for a certain type of Black women candidate, but it is noted that more research should be done on a larger scale to assess this trend.

Bargain Shopping: How Candidate Sex Lowers the Cost of Voting

Previous research shows that candidate sex serves as a heuristic that lessens the informational burden of political decision making. Building upon this research, we investigate the heuristic effects of candidate sex on the decision to turnout to vote in an election. We posit that by providing ideological and nonideological information about the candidates, candidate sex serves as an informational shortcut that reduces the costs associated with voting and enhances the likelihood of voting in elections when a female candidate is present. Our expectations are supported, even after controlling for a variety of individual-, candidate- and district-level characteristics that are correlated with turnout. Individuals are more likely to turnout in elections featuring a woman candidate, and consistent with our expectations, these effects are especially strong for female Democrats, whose sex and party heuristics convey a consistent “liberal” cue. Our research offers theoretical and empirical contributions to the literature on gender, candidate heuristics, and voter turnout.

Gender Biases and Discrimination while Hiring

In the employment market, hiring processes in the organisations are often considered to perpetuate gender equality. The discrimination prevails through implicit and in-group biases. During hiring decisions, marked gender differences in the hiring standards continue to exist for women and men. Counter balancing attempts, such as demonstrating agentic behaviour seem to have been unfavourable in receiving appreciations. Factors like „accumulation of advantage‟, „physical attractiveness‟ and so forth adds to the „threat‟ for the woman candidate. The article proposes that sustained and concrete processes need to be ensured that would defuse gender stereotyping, the latter being an outcome of the human tendency to carve the world into in-group and out-group. Two methods to neutralise gender biases while hiring are recommended in the concluding section.

[The Position of Non Muslim Candidates and Women in The Election System in Malaysia: A Study of The Comparison] Kedudukan Calon Non Muslim dan Wanita dalam Sistem Pilihan Raya di Malaysia: Kajian Terhadap Perbandingan antara Perundangan dan Fiqh Siyasah.

Election is an important mechanism for one country to choose leaders in a safe and harmonious way. The position of non-Muslim candidates and women is enshrined in the Federal Constitution. The involvement of non-Muslim candidates is generally prohibited from the perspective of Fiqh Siyasah based on the Qur'an (5: 51); and female candidates based on the Qur'an (4:34). The objective of this study was to clarify the position of non-Muslim candidates and women in Fiqh Siyasah which needed to be reviewed from the perspective of the legislative or amendment of the deed according to Islamic values. This study was qualitative that was a library research which involved studies of Turath book and information from field interviews. This study found that the legal status was not in line with the policy of Fiqh Siyāsah under the Federal Constitution Article 47 (b) and the Election Act 1958 (Act 19 Section 13 (1). Therefore, it was a necessary for the Federal Constitution Article 40 (2) 'appointment of a Prime Minister' to be amended to 'appointment of a Muslim Prime Minister' to be consistent with the Federal Constitution of Article 3 which has constituted that Islam is the religion of the federation. Keywords: Non-Muslim Candidate, Woman Candidate, Fiqh Siyasah, Legislation and Election. Pilihan raya merupakan satu mekanisme penting dalam sesebuah negara bagi memilih pemimpin secara aman dan harmoni. Kedudukan calon non Muslim dan wanita sememangnya termaktub dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan. Penglibatan calon non Muslim secara umumnya adalah dilarang dari sudut fiqh siyasah berdasarkan al-Qur’an (5: 51) dan calon wanita berdasarkan al-Quran (4:34). Objektif kajian ini bagi menjelaskan kedudukan larangan calon non Muslim dan wanita dalam fiqh siyasah yang perlu diteliti semula dari sudut perundangan atau pindaan akta menurut nilai-nilai Islam. Kajian ini bersifat kualitatif iaitu penelitian perpustakaan yang melibatkan kajian kitab turath serta maklumat temu bual di lapangan. Dapatan kajian ini menjelaskan kedudukan perundangan tidak selari dengan dasar fiqh siyāsah di bawah Perlembagaan Persekutuan Perkara 47 (b) dan Akta Pilihan Raya 1958 (Akta 19 Seksyen 13 (1). Justeru, perlu kepada pindaan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Perkara 40 (2) (a) „melantik seorang Perdana Menteri‟ dipinda kepada „melantik seorang Perdana Menteri yang beragama Islam‟ agar ianya selaras dengan Perlembagaan Persekutuan Perkara 3 yang memperuntukkan bahawa agama Islam adalah agama bagi persekutuan. Kata kunci: Calon Non Muslim, Calon Wanita, Fiqh Siyasah, Perundangan dan Pilihan Raya.

The Role of Gender Stereotypes in Gubernatorial Campaign Coverage

Through a content analysis of 1,152 articles covering 20 different gubernatorial races between 2004 and 2014, I examine how the presence of a woman candidate in a gubernatorial race affects media coverage of that campaign. This paper considers the prevalence of gender biases and stereotypes and examines whether print media outlets perpetuate these stereotypes or subvert them. Existing research suggests that voters favor traditionally masculine traits over traditionally feminine traits when evaluating candidates for public office. The difference in media coverage may therefore influence women’s chances of getting elected, and thereby influence women’s descriptive and substantive representation. I find that races with a woman candidate receive less issue coverage and more horse race coverage than races with two men running. Additionally, the types of adjectives used in campaign coverage differ depending on the gender of the candidate: women are more likely to be described as able to “change government,” while men are more likely to be described as “experienced.” KEYWORDS: Media Coverage; Gender; Gubernatorial Campaigns; Women in Politics; Gender Stereotypes; Newspaper Coverage; American Politics

Rekrutmen Perempuan Menjadi Politisi Legislatif

The research of Women recruitment be a (legislative) politician be held on Kotabaru Regency and Tanah Bumbu Regency at South Kalimantan Province. The Objective is a known and seen recruitment or woman candidate to be a (legislative) politician. This research used methods survey with the quantitative approach, intended to descriptive data via questionnaire to respondent. Data who not can be covered in this research be equipped with the quantitative approach with depth interview. The result showing the public opinion seen women presence as politician more comprehensive likely on Act No.8 Years 2012 to encourage strengthening the role, position, and strategic about 30% women representation in legislative. But what happens, proportion women member on legislative failed to reach 30% of affirmative action, beside patriarchy culture still shadowing women candidates for legislative so that so difficult to strengthen the trust of the voters. And then, ration of women representation has decrease, both locally, province and center at 2014 Election. Keyword : recruitment, Women, Politician, Legislative ABSTRAK Penelitian rekrutmen perempuan menjadi politisi (legislatif) berlokasi di Kabupaten Kotabaru dan Tanah Bumbu, Kalimantan Selatan. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui dan melihat rekrutmen atau pencalonan perempuan menjadi politisi (legislatif). Metode yang digunakan melalui survey dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dimaksudkan untuk mendiskripsikan data melalui kuesioner kepada responden. Data yang tidak tercover dalam penelitian ini, maka dilengkapi dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa opini public melihat keberadaan perempuan sebagai politisi lebih konprehensif berpeluang dalam UU No.8 Tahun 2012 untuk mendorong penguatan peran, posisi dan strategis tentang keterwakilan perempuan 30% di lembaga legislative. Namun apa yang terjadi, proporsi anggota legisatif perempuan yang terpilih gagal mencapai affirmative action 30%, disamping budaya patriarki masih membayangi para caleg perempuan juga gagalnya pengkaderan dan pendidikan politik serta rekrutmen politisi perempuan (DPR) yang kurang selektif sehingga sulit memperkuat kepercayaan pemilih. Akhirnya jatah keterwakilan perempuan mengalami penurunan, baik ditingkat, lokal, provinsi, maupun tingkat pusat pada pemilu 2014. Kata kunci: rekrutmen, perempuan, politisi, legislatif