Third-Party Peacemakers in Judaism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Roth
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Final Layer ◽  
Conflict Resolution Education ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
First Time

Third-Party Peacemakers in Judaism presents thirty-six case studies featuring third-party peacemakers found within Jewish rabbinic literature. Each case study is explored through three layers of analysis: text, theory, and practice. The textual analysis consists of close literary and historical readings of legends and historical accounts as found within classical, medieval, and early-modern rabbinic literature, many of which are critically analyzed here for the first time. The theoretical analysis consists of analyzing the models of third-party peacemaking embedded within the various cases studies by comparing them with other cultural and religious models of third-party peacemaking and conflict resolution, in particular the Arab-Islamic sulha and contemporary Interactive Problem-Solving Workshops. The final layer of analysis, based upon the author’s personal experiences in years of doing conflict resolution education, trainings, and actual third-party religious peacemaking in the context of the Middle East, relates to the potential practical implications of these case studies to serve as indigenous models and sources of inspiration for third-party mediation and peacemaking in both interpersonal and intergroup conflicts today.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Daniel Roth
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Key Terms

This introductory chapter defines the key terms and methodology through which the book will be analyzed. It begins with defining “third-party peacemaking and Jewish “rabbinic literature.” Then lays out the flow and structure of the various chapters of the book. The chapter then defines the various types of case studies to be examined in the book, consisting of “legends,” “historical accounts,” and ‘stories.” Finally, the chapter concludes with defining the three-layered methodology through which each case study will be analyzed: “text,” “theory,” and ‘practice.”

Preventing supplier non-conformance: extending the agency theory perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-340
Author(s):  
Anton Shevchenko ◽  
Mark Pagell ◽  
Moren Lévesque ◽  
David Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Agency Theory ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Qualitative Case Studies ◽  
Effective Path

PurposeThe supply chain management literature and agency theory suggest that preventing supplier non-conformance—a supplier's failure to conform to the requirements of the buyer—requires monitoring supplier behavior. However, case studies collected to explore how buyers monitored suppliers revealed an unexpected empirical phenomenon. Some buyers believed they could prevent non-conformance by either trusting their suppliers or relying on a third party, without monitoring their behavior. The purpose of this article is to examine conditions when buyers should monitor supplier behavior to prevent non-conformance.Design/methodology/approachThis article employs a mixed-method design by formulating an agent-based simulation grounded in the case-study findings and agency theory to reconcile observed unexpected behaviors with scholarly suggestions.FindingsThe simulation results indicate that buyers facing severe consequences from non-conformance should opt to monitor supplier behavior. Sourcing from trusted suppliers should only be reserved for buyers that lack competence and have a small number of carefully selected suppliers. Moreover, buyers facing minor consequences from non-conformance should generally favor sourcing from trusted suppliers over monitoring their behavior. The results also suggest that having a third-party involved in monitoring suppliers is an effective path to preventing non-conformance.Originality/valueBy combining a simulation with qualitative case studies, this article examines whether buyers were making appropriate decisions, thereby offering contributions to theory and practice that would not have been possible using either methodological approach alone.

scholarly journals Public Affairs Television and Third Party Roles: The Nightline Debates in South Africa (1985) and Israel (1988)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Botes
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party

This paper examines the strategies, tactics and tasks of a media moderator during television debates regarding deep-rooted conflicts, as well as the overall intended and unintended roles and effects of these broadcasts. Two case studies—the Nightline (ABC-TV) broadcasts from South Africa (1985) and Israel (1988)—are examined by comparing the actions of a public affairs television moderator to conventional third party intervenors, as defined in conflict resolution literature. In the process the paper presents research regarding the manifest tactics and latent roles demonstrated by a television moderator and the manner in which these activities can be compared to the tasks of conventional third parties such as mediators. The paper finally also reflects on how television debates can become problem-solving dialogues that assist in transforming deep-rooted conflicts.

scholarly journals Selfish third parties act as peacemakers by transforming conflicts and promoting cooperation

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (22) ◽  
pp. 6937-6942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Halevy ◽  
Eliran Halali
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Third Party Intervention ◽  
The Third ◽  
Side Payments ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Conflict Intervention ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts

The tremendous costs of conflict have made humans resourceful not only at warfare but also at peacemaking. Although third parties have acted as peacemakers since the dawn of history, little is known about voluntary, informal third-party intervention in conflict. Here we introduce the Peacemaker Game, a novel experimental paradigm, to model and study the interdependence between disputants and third parties in conflict. In the game, two disputants choose whether to cooperate or compete and a third party chooses whether or not to intervene in the conflict. Intervention introduces side payments that transform the game disputants are playing; it also introduces risk for the third party by making it vulnerable to disputants’ choices. Six experiments revealed three robust effects: (i) The mere possibility of third-party intervention significantly increases cooperation in interpersonal and intergroup conflicts; (ii) reducing the risk to third parties dramatically increases intervention rates, to everyone’s benefit; and (iii) disputants’ cooperation rates are consistently higher than third parties’ intervention rates. These findings explain why, how, and when self-interested third parties facilitate peaceful conflict resolution.

Rodfei Shalom, Metavkhei Shalom, Pashranim, and Nikhbadim

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-252
Author(s):  
Daniel Roth
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Lay Leaders ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Lay People ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
Almost All

This chapter examines historical accounts and stories of non-rabbinic Jewish lay leaders who served as third-party peacemakers within their communities as found in medieval and early modern rabbinic literature. As opposed to the rabbis of whom the identities of almost all were known, lay leaders who served as third-party peacemakers are almost entirely anonymous. They were, however, often referred to with quasi-titles to signify their role as third-party peacemakers. The chapter is therefore divided into four primary sections based on these various titles used to refer to lay peacemakers. The chapter also includes a discussion on the imperative in Jewish law and tradition of lay people to serve as third-party peacemakers or mediators.

From Rabbi Yosef Syracusty to Rabbi Nissi al-Nahrawani

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-206
Author(s):  
Daniel Roth
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Rabbinic Literature ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Third Party ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
High Social Status

This chapter presents eight historical accounts and stories of rabbis or a group of rabbis who served as third-party peacemakers in medieval and early-modern rabbinic literature. The chapter is divided into three subsections based on the status and degree of success of the third party. The first section focuses on successful third-party rabbinic peacemakers with high social status, the second on unsuccessful rabbinic peacemakers who possessed less social status, and the third explores exceptions to this assertion. The chapter also includes a discussion about the responsibility of the rabbi to serve as a peacemaker or mediator in Jewish law and tradition.

scholarly journals From Muhammad to Sulha

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-36
Author(s):  
Daniel Roth
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Religious Traditions

This chapter establishes the theoretical lens through which the case studies of third-party peacemakers in Judaism can be analyzed. The chapter begins by reviewing the study of religion and peacebuilding in general, and Judaism and conflict resolution in particular. Examples are provided of research conducted in religious peacebuilding and paradigmatic peacemakers in other religious traditions, such as the prophet Muhammad in Islam. In the second part of the chapter, the literature relating to traditional cultural models of conflict resolution and peacemaking is surveyed, focusing on the traditional Arab-Islamic process of sulha and how it compares to modern-Western models of conflict resolution and reconciliation.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ КОНФЛИКТОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
А. Н. Сухов
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This given article reveals the topicality not only of destructive, but also of constructive, as well as hybrid conflicts. Practically it has been done for the first time. It also describes the history of the formation of both foreign and domestic social conflictology. At the same time, the chronology of the development of the latter is restored and presented objectively, in full, taking into account the contribution of those researchers who actually stood at its origins. The article deals with the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding conflicts. The subject of social conflictology includes the regularities of their occurrence and manifestation at various levels, spheres and conditions, including normal, complicated and extreme ones. Social conflictology includes the theory and practice of diagnosing, resolving, and resolving social conflicts. It analyzes the difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, dynamics, and classification of social conflicts. Therefore, it is no accident that the most important task is to create a full-fledged theory of social conflicts. Without this, it is impossible to talk about effective settlement and resolution of social conflicts. Social conflictology is an integral part of conflictology. There is still a lot of work to be done, both in theory and in application, for its complete design. At present, there is an urgent need to develop conflict-related competence not only of professionals, but also for various groups of the population.

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